Calibration of laser-derived tree height estimates by means of photogrammetric techniques

Techniques based on laser point clouds and digital terrestrial images were demonstrated for the calibration of tree-height estimation. Individual tree heights can be roughly estimated from laser scanning data by using the approximated ground level and the highest hit of the treetop. However, laser-derived measurements often underestimate tree heights. This underestimation can arise from various error sources. Digital terrestrial images can be used to verify and understand the behaviour of laser point clouds. When laser data are backprojected in a close-range image, it is possible to show where each laser beam has reflected. This, however, requires a proper orientation of the images. In this study an interactive orientation method was used to derive image orientations, using one laser strip at a time as the reference data. Consequently, the backprojection of laser point clouds confirmed the height underestimations found by comparing the tacheometer reference measurements with the laser-derived tree heights. In addition, by using the described procedure the cause of underestimating tree heights could be explained.     

家蚕热休克蛋白70家族基因的染色体定位及表达特征

热休克蛋白70家族(Hsp70)是非常保守的蛋白家族,每个物种的Hsp70家族都有多个成员,每个成员都可能具有特殊的功能。为了能够对家蚕Hsp70家族各成员进行科学命名和了解其特有的功能,分析家蚕Hsp70家族成员的编码基因及其在染色体上的定位,并通过实时荧光定量PCR方法检测这些基因在5龄第3天幼虫中肠、脂肪体和丝腺组织中的转录表达情况。家蚕诱导型Hsp70家族成员Bmhsp70A和Bmhsp70B的编码基因集中分布在第27号染色体上,有多个拷贝;组成型Bmhsp70家族成员的编码基因则分布在不同的染色体上,一般仅有1个拷贝。家蚕Hsp70家族基因中有10个能转录并翻译蛋白质产物的成员,还有1个能正常转录但不能正确翻译的假基因。实时荧光定量PCR结果表明:在常温(25℃)条件下,组成型Bmhsp70家族基因Bmhsc70-4和Bmhsc70-3的表达水平较高,而其它基因成员的表达水平则相对较低,诱导型Bmhsp70家族基因成员在常温下也有一定程度的基础表达;40℃热激2 h后,Bmhsp70家族所有基因的表达水平都有所升高,其中诱导型Bmhsp70家族基因Bmhsp70B和Bmhsp68的转录表达上升水平远高于组成型Bmhsp70家族基因Bmhsc70-3和Bmhsc70-4。不同表达类型的家蚕Hsp70家族基因成员在5龄幼虫中肠、丝腺和脂肪体中的表达情况不同,热激2 h后的表达变化规律也不完全相同,提示家蚕Hsp70家族成员具有各自特殊的功能。     

保加利亚乳杆菌的冷适应性与冷应激蛋白的研究

几乎所有单细胞生物在外界环境急剧降温的条件下都会发生应激反应,产生的一系列蛋白质被称为冷应激蛋白。冷应激蛋白在乳酸菌适应低温环境和增强抗冻能力方面发挥着重要作用。本研究从冷应激蛋白着手,研究了保加利亚乳杆菌低温适应性及冷应激蛋白的抗冻保护作用。在冷冻前进行20℃预处理可以使保加利亚乳杆菌的存活率增加100倍,而低于最低生长温度时,与对照组的存活率相差不大。通过SDS-PAGE电泳,冷处理样泳道出现了两种7ku的冷应激蛋白。利用PCR技术进一步获得保加利亚乳杆菌中冷休克蛋白的基因片断,与L.delbrueckii subsp.bulgaricus ATCC11842中CspA序列同源性达到100%。低温预处理可以增强菌体抗冻能力,且可以产生3条6.3、6.7、7.0ku的冷应激蛋白,初步推测低温诱导冷应激蛋白的表达抵御了冷冻对保加利亚乳杆菌的伤害。     

热应激条件下小鼠睾丸组织HSP70基因表达谱的研究

本试验建立了不同温度、不同时间热应激实验小鼠动物模型,采用Real-time PCR和Western-blot方法检测了小鼠睾丸组织热应激蛋白70(HSP70)在mRNA和蛋白质水平的表达规律。结果表明:25℃时,HSP70在mR-NA和蛋白质表达水平没有变化;在31℃、34℃和37℃时,随应激时间的延长,HSP70mRNA和蛋白质的表达均呈现先升高后下降的趋势;40℃时,HSP70mRNA和蛋白质始终持续高表达。结论:小鼠受热应激后,睾丸组织HSP70mRNA和蛋白质均随着温度和时间的增加呈规律性变化,本研究为探索HSP70对精液品质的影响奠定了基础。     

The effect of focused extracorporeal shock wave therapy on collagen matrix and gene expression in normal tendons and ligaments

Reasons for performing study: Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) is frequently used in equine practice, but little is known about its biological action. Objectives: To study the effects of ESWT on matrix structure and gene expression levels in normal, physiologically loaded tendinous structures in ponies. Methods: Six Shetland ponies, free of lameness and with ultrasonographically normal flexor and extensor tendons and suspensory ligaments (SL), were used. ESWT was applied at the origin of the suspensory ligament and the mid‐metacarpal region of the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) 6 weeks prior to sample taking, and at the mid‐metacarpal region (ET) and the insertion on the extensor process of the distal phalanx (EP) of the common digital extensor tendon 3 h prior to tendon sampling. In all animals one forelimb was treated and the other limb was used as control. After euthanasia, tendon tissue was harvested for real‐time PCR to determine gene expression levels and additional samples were taken for histological evaluation and biochemical analyses Results: Histologically a disorganisation of the normal collagen structure was observed 3 h after ESWT, remnants of which were still visible after 6 weeks. While degraded collagen levels showed an increase at 3 h post treatment (P = 0.012) they were reduced at 6 weeks post ESWT (P = 0.039). Gene expression for both COL1 (P = 0.004) and MMP14 (P = 0.020) was upregulated at 6 weeks after treatment. Conclusions: Exposure of normal tendinous tissue to ESWT is not uneventful; it leads to a disorganisation of matrix structure and changes in degraded collagen levels. The upregulation of COL1 expression 6 weeks after ESWT may be indicative for repair. Potential relevance: The observed disorganisation of the collagen network warrants caution when using ESWT. Exposing noninjured tissue to ESWT should be avoided and it may be advisable to restrict exercise in recently treated patients. However, the induced tissue disorganisation might also be a trigger for repair in chronic tendinopathies.     

Prospective Evaluation of Coagulation in Critically Ill Neonatal Foals

Background: Coagulopathy is a potentially underrecognized complication of sepsis and septic shock in critically ill neonatal foals.
Hypothesis: Critically ill neonatal foals have abnormalities in coagulation that are associated with disease severity and outcome.
Animals: Foals <72 hours old admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit.
Methods: Prospective, observational study. Blood was collected at admission, 24, and 48 hours for platelet count, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, antithrombin activity and concentrations of fibrin degradation products, and fibrinogen in plasma from all foals.
Results: Sixty-three foals were enrolled and classified as Septic Shock (12), Septic (28), and Other (23). At least 1 abnormal value was found in 18/28 (64%) samples from the Septic Shock group, 66/85 (78%) from the Septic group, and 30/59 (51%) from the Other group ( P = .01). Coagulopathy (3 or more abnormal values) was present in 7/28 (25%) samples in the Septic Shock group, 14/85 (16%) samples in the Septic group, and 3/59 (5%) samples in the Other group ( P = .0028). Clinically detectable bleeding occurred in 8/12 (67%) Septic Shock cases, 11/28 (39%) Septic cases, and 3/23 (13%) Other cases ( P = .009). Foals in Septic Shock were 12.7 times more likely to have clinical evidence of bleeding than those in the Other group (95% CI 2.3–70, P = .004). Treatment with fluids or plasma did not have a detectable effect on coagulation values.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Coagulopathy commonly occurs in critically ill neonatal foals, especially those with sepsis and septic shock.     

水稻OsHsfA7基因RNA干扰载体的构建及遗传转化研究

为研究水稻热激转录因子基因OsHsfA7的功能及其在水稻耐热育种方面的应用价值,本文通过构建水稻OsHsfA7基因RNA干扰载体获得功能抑制变异材料,从反向遗传学进行基因的功能分析。扩增OsHsfA7c DNA3'编码区470bp片段,分别以反向和正向插入到中间载体pBSK连接的GUS片段两侧,然后将得到的RNA干扰片段克隆到改造的植物表达载体p1301M,构建以CaMV35S启动子驱动表达的水稻OsHsfA7基因RNA干扰表达载体。将该载体转入根癌农杆菌EHA105后,采用农杆菌介导法进行了水稻日本晴品种的遗传转化,获得了23株具有潮霉素抗性的转基因植株,其中12株经GUS染色呈蓝色并且DNA检测10株已插入目的片段,RNA检测其中6株OsHsfA7基因的表达水平下降甚至未检出。结果说明本研究构建的OsHsfA7基因RNA干扰载体对该基因表达沉默是有效的。     

双温冷激处理对黄瓜品质和生理的影响及传热特性分析

为探究果蔬冷激过程中传热特性对保鲜效果的影响,分别对黄瓜进行常规冷激处理(0℃冰水混合物处理42min)及双温冷激处理(0℃冰水混合物处理14min后放到6℃冷水中处理14min,最后返回0℃冰水混合物处理14min)。测定了处理过程中黄瓜组织温度分布及贮藏期间失重率、硬度、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)活性等品质和生理变化,分析了黄瓜贮藏品质与传热特性的内在关系。结果表明:双温冷激处理在延缓细胞膜降解、提高POD活性方面显著优于常规冷激处理(P<0.05),在10℃冷库贮藏15d后,其相对电导率、POD活性分别是常规冷激组的92%及1.24倍;双温冷激黄瓜内部组织温度梯度在处理第29min时的阶跃式升高,以及从处理第29min到处理结束过程中,黄瓜内部组织温度梯度高于常规冷激黄瓜,或许是双温冷激处理黄瓜保鲜效果较好的内在因素。所得结论可为双温冷激处理的应用提供参考。     

不同处理方法打破菊芋块茎休眠对比研究

以青芋1、2、3号菊芋块茎为试验材料,设计了不同浓度赤霉素（GA₃）溶液浸种及不同热激温度处理条件下对打破菊芋块茎休眠的影响。结果表明:不同浓度的赤霉素（GA₃）处理间存在着一定的差异,以10 mg/L处理效果最好。热激温度处理下,青芋1号菊芋在处理1下效果最好,青芋2号菊芋在处理4下发芽率最好;青芋3号菊芋在处理2下发芽率最好;2种方法对比之下以赤霉素浓度为10 mg/L时打破菊芋块茎休眠较好。     

细粒棘球绦虫Hsp70基因的克隆、表达及抗体制备

【目的】克隆细粒棘球绦虫( Echinococcus granulosus , E.g)热休克蛋白家族基因Hsp70,在原核细胞中表达、纯化Hsp70蛋白并制备其特异性抗体。【方法】 从包囊中分离原头蚴,提取RNA,RT-PCR扩增EgHsp70基因的cDNA,将其构建至原核表达载体pMAL-p2x,转化大肠杆菌BL-21菌株。通过改变诱导温度、IPTG浓度和诱导时间筛选出EgHsp70融合蛋白可溶性表达的最佳条件。并用麦芽糖亲和层析法纯化该蛋白。纯化蛋白经皮下多点注射免疫新西兰白兔制备抗血清,ELISA和Western blotting检测血清效价和特异性。【结果】 RT-PCR扩增获得EgHsp70基因的cDNA,酶切和测序结果表明EgHsp70基因已克隆入pMAL-p2x。表达条件优化实验结果筛选出Hsp70融合蛋白可溶性表达的最佳条件为：当A600为0.6时,以0.3 mmol•L-1 IPTG于30℃条件下诱导表达4 h。SDS-PAGE显示Hsp70融合蛋白相对分子质量约为68.6kD,经麦芽糖亲和层析法纯化获得了Hsp70融合蛋白,其表达量为2.5 mg•L-1。Western blotting 检测证明制备的抗血清与EgHsp70融合蛋白、原头蚴粗提抗原、E.granulosis虫体蛋白和E.granulosis虫体表面蛋白均能特异性结合,ELISA检测表明获得的抗血清效价达到 1﹕256 000。【结论】在大肠杆菌中表达并纯化获得了EgHsp70融合蛋白,并制备了高效价的兔抗EgHsp70蛋白抗血清,为研制包虫病疫苗及相关诊断试剂奠定了基础。