沙冬青AmCSDP基因特性及转基因烟草的抗寒性分析

冷休克结构域蛋白(CSPs)是含有不同数量冷休克结构域(cold shock domain,CSD)的低温响应蛋白,在低温胁迫中发挥重要作用。以沙冬青(Ammopiptanthus mongolicus)为材料,克隆得到了冷休克结构域蛋白基因AmCSDP。生物信息学分析显示AmCSDP(Gen Bank登录号:KX756575)全长540bp,编码180个氨基酸,二级结构由8.9%的α–螺旋、47.8%的β–折叠和43.3%的无规则卷曲组成,其N端含有冷休克结构域。进化分析表明沙冬青与花生同源性最高。构建了AmCSDP真核表达载体Pcambia2300-35S-AmCSDP-OCS,经农杆菌介导转入本氏烟中。对转基因T1代和野生型烟草进行4℃低温胁迫处理,结果证实转基因本氏烟比野生型的耐冷能力强。     

Prediction of watermelon quality based on vibration spectrum

Judging watermelon quality based on its apparent properties such as size or skin color is difficult. A non-destructive method is employed here, based on vibrational response spectrum, to determine the quality indices of watermelon (Charleston gray). The responses of samples to vibration excitation were recorded by laser Doppler vibrometry (LDV). The phase shift between input and output signals were extracted over a wide frequency range. The total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA) and TSS/TA ratio also measured as watermelon quality characters. Stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR) as well as partial least square regression (PLS) was applied to extracted vibration spectrums to construct prediction models of watermelon quality. The results showed that performance of SMLR models were better than PLS. The determination coefficients (R²) of SMLR validation models were 0.9976, 0.9985 and 0.9542 for TSS, TA and TSS/TA respectively. It is likely that reduction of cell wall materials to soluble solids during ripening process changes viscoelastic properties of watermelon reflected by vibrational response. This study demonstrated the feasibility of mentioned method for predicting the quality of watermelons in an industrial grading system.     

A new descriptive method for fruit firmness changes with various softening patterns of kiwifruit

We have proposed a new interpretation of fruit softening. This was accomplished by generating a hypothesis that probabilities of decay of fruit structure obey the Weibull probabilistic model that has been used in the field of reliability engineering. The elasticity of individual kiwifruit after harvest was continually and nondestructively measured until decomposition by using a laser Doppler vibrometer. The obtained decreasing pattern of elasticity of individual fruit was complex, diverse, and inhomogeneous. Nonetheless, it was satisfactorily explained by a tandem combination of 2 Weibull models involving 4 types of parameters: “shape” related to probability; “scale,” to velocity of decay; “location,” to time lag; and “mixing ratio,” to contribution of the 2 models. Averages of location, shape, and mixing ratio parameters obtained by the measurement of 33 fruit were significantly different between the 2 models, but the scale parameter was not. The results suggested that the complex softening patterns of individual kiwifruit could be described using the tandem model of Weibull distribution, and that the softening process of kiwifruit consisted of at least 2 independent decay phases that are characterized by 2 of 5 parameters: location and mixing ratio. Commencement of the first decay phase could be caused by ethylene treatment after harvest, and the second one spontaneously triggered after a certain time lag.     

Cardiovascular Responses to Glibenclamide During Endotoxaemia in the Pig

Vanelli, G., Hussain, S.N.A., Dimori, M. and Aguggini, G., 1996. Cardiovascular responses to glibenclamide during endotoxaemia in the pig. Veterinary Research Communications, 21(3), 187-200The effects of blockading the ATP-sensitive potassium channel (K+ATP channels) on endotoxin-induced vascular derangements was studied. Escherichia coli endotoxin was infused (20 µg/kg per h) intravenously for 180 min into anaesthetized, mechanically ventilated, indomethacin-treated pigs. After 150 min of endotoxaemia, glibenclamide (a K+ATP channel blocker) was infused intravenously at 2 mg/kg per min for 5 min. The cardiovascular parameters were recorded before (control), every 30 min up to 150 min during endotoxaemia, and then at 5, 15 and 30 min after administration of glibenclamide. Infusion of endotoxin reduced the systemic arterial pressure to 60.6% ± 3.7% (p < 0.01) and increased the pulmonary arterial pressure by 75.9% ± 11.0% (p < 0.01) of the control values. Within 5 min, infusion of glibenclamide transiently but significantly reversed the systemic hypotension by raising the systemic vascular resistance, whereas the increased pulmonary arterial pressure was further augmented. Glibenclamide infusion did not influence the cardiac output. Within 30 min, the cardiovascular parameters had returned to the values induced by endotoxin, except for the systemic vascular resistance. Infusion of glibenclamide into normal pigs did not change the systemic pressure or resistance, but the pulmonary pressure and resistance were augmented transiently. These data suggest that, in pigs, the ATP-sensitive K+ channels may be one factor playing a role in the vascular changes due to endotoxaemia, especially in the systemic circulation.     

Overexpression of a small heat‐shock‐protein gene enhances tolerance to abiotic stresses in rice

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important crops in the world which survives from various abiotic stresses in natural environments with specific stress‐involved genes expressed. Plant sHSPs (small heat‐shock proteins) were reported to respond to abiotic stresses. To improve the understanding of sHSPs in rice, we characterized heat‐shock‐protein gene OsHSP18.6 here. OsHSP18.6 could be induced by diverse stresses, such as drought, salt and cold, especially under heat. The gene was found expressed in root, stem, leaf, internode and spikelet. Overexpression of OsHSP18.6 results in increased thermotolerance and exhibits universal tolerance to stresses tested, including heat, drought, salt and cold. Lower levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and greater activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were observed in OsHSP18.6‐overexpression rice under heat and drought. OsHSP18.6‐overexpression lines indicated decreased sterile rates under hot weather without remarkable changes in most of other agronomic traits compared with wild‐type plants.     

急性持续热应激对肉鸡免疫系统的影响

养殖环境等各种应激使机体的免疫应答能力降低是引发疾病的重要原因之一。本实验通过研究持续应激条件下受试鸡体液免疫、细胞免疫等指标的改变以及HSP90在免疫脏器的分布，以探索持续热应激对肉鸡免疫能力的影响，为养殖环境的控制提供理论依据。     

飞秒激光微加工中热熔化与热传递现象研究

对飞秒激光能量密度为0.108~28.68J/cm2范围内加工的硅孔表面形貌尺寸进行分析,同时对热传递现象进行研究。理论分析了飞秒激光加工区域热传导时间及温度分布,并将其与实验测量值进行对比,验证了热影响的存在。通过理论与实验分析说明了在高能量飞秒激光加工中热传递现象不可避免,并获得了较好的孔加工质量的激光能量合理参数。     

采用Fluo-3 AM-ester探针研究桃不同组织的Ca^2＋信号分布

钙作为植物最重要的矿质元素之一,在植物生理和生化活动中起重要作用。采用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜,以Fluo-3 AM-ester为荧光探针研究了桃果肉和叶柄组织中Ca2＋的分布,结果表明Fluo-3 AM-ester可作为荧光探针对桃不同组织中游离的Ca2＋信号强度和分布特征进行分析。不同的物镜观察（10×和20×）下,C...     

热激对温敏核不育系“安农S-1”花药生理变化的影响

试验研究热激对温敏核不育系“安农S-1”花药生理变化的影响结果表明,温敏核不育系“安农S-1”在花粉母细胞形成至减数分裂期经热激(38℃)处理后,其花药中游离氨基酸总量、天冬氨酸和丙氨酸含量均显著高于低温(23℃)处理;而游离脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白质含量则显著低于低温处理。对照经热激(38℃)处理后,其花药中游离氨基酸和可溶性蛋白质含量与低温处理基本一致,这些生理变化可能影响花粉母细胞正常的形成和减数分裂,以致花粉不能正常发育并最终导致花粉败育。