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71.
土地利用方式对黄土丘陵土壤CaCO_3含量及分布的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文以具有典型黄土丘陵特征的砖窑沟流域为例,对该流域梁峁地主要土壤类型上不同土地利用方式下0~200cm层土壤剖面CaCO3含量进行了分析。结果表明:土壤CaCO3含量耕地>林地>荒草地;耕地土壤CaCO3有明显的累积层,累积深度约在20~100cm之间;林地累积层深度约在20~60cm之间;而荒草地无明显累积层。这种现象与一般干旱半干旱地区不同。 相似文献
72.
Soil nutrient changes due to land use changes in Northern China: a case study in Zunhua County, Hebei Province 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Abstract. Since the 1980s, land use in rural areas of China has changed greatly as the result of political initiatives. These changes have caused soil nutrient changes which are examined in this paper for Zunhua County, northern China from 1980 to 1999. The areas of farmland, grassland, and paddy decreased greatly and were replaced by increases in forest and residential land. The soils under forest in 1999 transformed from farmland in 1980 increased in organic matter by 21%, total nitrogen by 18%, available nitrogen by 65%, available phosphorus by 17% and available potassium by 17%. Similarly, in the area which was converted from farmland in 1980 to grassland in 1999, soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium increased by 38%, 37%, 71%, 2% and 28%, respectively. Changes from farmland to forest and grassland not only changed land cover but also improved soil fertility and probably reduced soil nutrient losses. 相似文献
73.
土地污染的一个评价指标:土壤动物 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
土地质量评价指标体系成为当前的研究热点,而土地污染是影响土地质量的重要因素。为了对土地质量全面客观地进行评价,提出了土壤动物指标可以作为土地污染的一个间接指标。文章认为土壤动物与土地污染之间存在着密切的关系,并表现在土壤动物各个生物组织层次中:在土壤动物体内累积污染物,在个体层次上表现为毒理学影响,在种群和群落层次上表现为生态学影响。通过对比被污染土地中土壤动物各项指数与未污染土地中土壤动物各项指数,综合得出土壤动物指标,并以此指标作为土地污染的替代指标。 相似文献
74.
Micropores are important to soil moisture retention and plant growth. Microporosity and pore size distribution were evaluated using mercury intrusion porosimetery on aggregates from 35-year-old experiments started in 1962 at Wooster (40.5 °N, 82 °W) and South Charleston (39.8 °N, 84 °W) in Ohio, USA and from three land use practices on Kolombangara (8 °S, 157 °E) in Solomon Islands. Tillage treatments in Ohio included: moldboard plowing (MP), chisel plowing (CP), and no-till (NT) with continuous corn. The land use treatments in Kolombangara included: natural forest (NF), traditional farming (TF) and topsoil removal (TR). Pore size measured in aggregates ranged from 0.2 to 100 μm in diameter. Median pore radius was significantly (P < 0.05) larger for NT than for MP and CP treatments at Wooster, but not at South Charleston. Tillage treatments had significant effect on the volume of both storage and residual pores for both sites in Ohio. Volume of storage and residual pores were higher for Wooster than South Charleston soil. At Kolombangara, the NF treatment had significantly larger median and peak pore radii, and microporosity than TF and TR treatments. There was, however, no significant difference among treatments in the volume of pore size distribution. These data support a recommendation for adoption of no-till or conservation tillage in soils of the temperate region, and of minimal disturbance and effective erosion control in soils of the tropics. 相似文献
75.
76.
土地利用生态系统分析及服务价值估算——以北京市平谷区白各庄村为例 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本研究以北京市平谷区白各庄村为例,详细分析了2002年土地利用生态系统的类型和特点,并进行生态系统服务价值核算,包括物质生产、吸收CO2、释放O2、水供给、废物处理和休闲娱乐,其总价值为1706.62万元,与农村经济总收入基本相等,其中吸收CO2的服务价值最大(72.57%),其次为释放O2价值(15.30%),物质生产服务价值仅占总价值的12.77%,水供给和休闲娱乐服务价值很小,而废物处理服务价值为负值。 相似文献
77.
The effect of land cover/vegetation on soil water dynamic in the hilly area of the loess plateau,China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Severe soil and water loss has lead to widespread land degradation in China's loess plateau. During the past decades, a great deal of effort was made on vegetation restoration to reduce soil and water loss in the loess plateau. However, due to water shortage the efficiency of vegetation restoration was not as satisfactory as expected. As part of a vegetation restoration project, we conducted research aiming to understand the relationship between vegetation pattern and soil water dynamics. The goal was to find vegetation types appropriate for the loess plateau with scarce water resources. In 1986, fifteen plots of land were planted with five vegetation types: pine woodland, shrubland, sloping cropland, alfalfa and semi-natural grassland. Soil water content, runoff, soil erosion were measured for each plot. Environmental variables, such as rainfall, evaporation and temperature, were recorded simultaneously by an automated meteorological station. The relationship between land cover pattern and soil water dynamic was evaluated by using statistical models. We found that: (1) soil water loss occurred during the growing season, and it reached the maximum in the second half of July; (2) soil water was not fully replenished from rainfall during the rainy season; (3) pine woodland induced the largest water loss to surface runoff, followed by sloping cropland, alfalfa, semi-natural grassland and shrubland; the poor capability of pine woodland for water conservation may be attributed to soil compaction and poor ground coverage under the tree; (4) in most cases, soil water of the five vegetation types was low except for shrubland and semi-natural grassland where it was moderate-high during a few periods. These conditions inhibit sustainable vegetation growth in the semi-arid loess hilly area of the loess plateau, China. 相似文献
78.
不同土地利用方式对土壤微生物生物量碳的影响 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7
研究了长期定位试验不同土地利用方式下土壤微生物生物量碳的变化,结果表明:裸地处理的微生物生物量碳最低;不施肥种植作物(CK)或施肥种植作物(NPK)能显著提高土壤微生物量碳含量;NPK配合猪厩肥处理的微生物体碳含量显著高于CK和NPK处理;荒地处理由于返回的植物残体量很大,积累的有机物很多,所以其微生物量碳最大;其次为割草处理和林地处理。有机质含量高的土壤其土壤微生物量也高,土壤微生物碳的周转强度也大,周转时间短,周转速率为:荒地>割草>林地>NPK+C>NPK>CK>裸地。 相似文献
79.
80.
“退耕还林(草)”工程可持续发展研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
要保证“退耕还林(草)”工程的可持续发展,必须做到:树立全局观念,明确战略目标;建立科学的决策机制和完善的市场调节机制,因地制宜地引导农民发展后续产业;在全社会建立循环经济发展模式,促进“退耕还林(草)”工程的可持续发展;实施生态经济管理,实现生态目标和经济目标的“双赢;”运用系统管理思想,再造组织流程,整合资源,形成强势合力;加大科研开发投入,提高“退耕还林(草)”工程效率,增强后续产业的市场竞争力。 相似文献