Estimating potato leaf area index for specific cultivars

Summary The growth and duration of crop leaf area determines the amount of solar radiation intercepted by the canopy and therefore influences the extent of photosynthesis, evaporation, transpiration and final dry matter yield. The objective of this study was to develop cultivar specific relationships to estimate the daily leaf area index (LAI) for the potato crop (Solanum tuberosum L.) that included the effects of available soil water. The model is divided into three LAI growth stages, the durations of which are partially related to potato heat units (PHU). The LAI in the first stage is estimated from a cultivar specific leaf area-based radiation use efficiency index with a soil water reduction factor. The second stage involves the maintenance of a constant LAI with the duration related to both PHU and a soil water index that can accelerate senescence. The final stage includes a decrease in the LAI from a maximum to zero in response to a cultivar specific PHU accumulation. Model simulations compared favourably with independent LAI measurements obtained with a LI-COR plant canopy analyzer over two seasons.     

行距与播种量对无芒雀麦生产性状的影响

采取二因素随机区组试验,分析不同行距（30、50、70和90 cm）与播种量（0.46、0.77和1.08 g·m-2）对无芒雀麦(Bromus inermis)群体株高、生殖蘖数、营养蘖数、总分蘖数、地上生物量、叶面积指数（LAI）和冠层底部光合有效辐射（PAR）的影响,旨在为无芒雀麦种子生产提供理论依据。结果表明,行距对无芒雀麦群落特性具有显著影响（P<0.05）。随着行距的增加,株高和PAR呈上升趋势,其余指标呈下降趋势。30 cm行距处理的生殖蘖数、营养蘖数、总分蘖数和LAI显著高于70和90 cm行距处理（P<0.05）,而PAR显著低于50、70和90 cm行距处理（P<0.05）。播种量对LAI和PAR的影响显著,对株高、生殖蘖数、营养蘖数、总分蘖数和地上生物量没有显著影响。生殖蘖数、营养蘖数、总分蘖数与LAI呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）,与PAR呈显著负相关（P<0.05）。12个播种组合处理可聚合成窄行距类与宽行距类两类,类之间群落特性差异显著。     

Validation and Correction of MOD15‐LAI using In Situ Rice LAI in Southern China

Abstract

MOD15 are one of the standard science products available from the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument on the Earth‐observing system (EOS) Terra platform, launched in December 1999. An important requirement of MODIS science products is that they be rigorously validated. In this study, a site intensive MOD15‐LAI (leaf area index) product validation was conducted in southern China in 2003. Results showed that the differences between in situ rice LAI and MOD15‐LAI change in different rice growth. The differences are larger in booting stage, heading stage, and milking stage, but smaller in tiller stage and maturing stage. Otherwise, results indicate that the MODIS algorithm will underestimate LAI value by about 5–10% in total from 1‐km resolution data over the in situ rice LAI in southern China the mean and standard deviation deviated from MOD15‐LAI are smaller than those of in situ rice LAI. Last, according to different stages of rice growth, corrected models were established, and the corrected MOD15‐LAI matched well with in situ LAI.     

新疆北疆棉花多元复合遥感估产模型研究

[目的]揭示棉花产量与棉花叶面积指数( LAI)、归一化植被指数(NDVI)相关关系,辨识新疆北疆棉花遥感估产最佳时相,建立棉花产量与LAI及NDVI间的多元复合遥感估产模型,为大面积棉花生产管理和估产提供理论参考.[方法]以TM影像为数据源,结合实地调查的棉花LAI、NDVI和产量等数据,对影像数据进行校正,最后用统计学方法分析棉花指数与产量数据间关系和建模.[结果]棉花LAI在各生育期呈先升后降的趋势,花铃期最高,均值为3.69;棉花NDVI在各生育期基本处于稳定的较高水平,棉花生长旺盛,长势较好;棉花蕾期和花铃期LAI与产量呈极显著正相关,花铃期相关系数最高,达到0.75;新疆北疆棉花最佳估产时相为花铃期,最优估产模型为Y=17.76 LAI - 123.05 NDVI +232.15.[结论]利用LAI和NDVI建立多元复合估产模型能有效提高棉花的估产精度.     

基于MODIS的陕西省叶面积指数时空变化特征分析

叶面积指数（LAI）作为表征植被冠层的重要参数,在定量分析陆地生态系统能量交换中具重要意义。利用MODIS叶面积指数产品,结合地表覆盖分类数据,对2001-2014年陕西省LAI进行了监测。结果表明:1）陕西省LAI最大值平均总体呈波动中上升趋势,年内变化呈现明显的季节差异。2）陕北地区LAI上升趋势明显,年际波动较大,渭北塬区以及陕南东部部分区域LAI呈上升趋势,但年际间变化不大,其他区域LAI年际间变化趋势和波动均不明显。3）陕西省范围内典型植被类型LAI最大值平均年际变化均呈现上升趋势,但年内变化曲线各不相同。退耕还林、植树造林等生态工程是陕西省LAI上升的主要原因,气候因素是LAI产生波动的直接原因。反映了陕西省植被群体结构空间分布以及变化特征,为进一步陆地生态系统研究提供了重要参数。     

基于野外观测和TM数据的锡林浩特典型草原MODIS/LAI产品验证

通过2008年夏季生长季的3期LAI野外观测和TM图像的处理分析,对锡林浩特国家观象台附近24 km²典型草原区的MODIS/LAI产品精度从时空2种维度进行了评估。结果显示,在时间维度上,MODIS/LAI产品可以较为准确的体现草地植被生长轨迹;在空间维度上,MODIS/LAI产品与TM/LAI反演结果有相似的变化趋势。以TM/LAI结果为参考真值,MODIS/LAI产品的相对均方根误差约为24%,并存在10.8%的正偏差,表明有一定程度的高估。误差分析结果显示,MODIS/LAI产品精度主要受到土壤背景光谱以及地表均匀程度的影响,在LAI较小的区域,以及在草地空间异质性因受人类活动而增强的7月初和8月末,MODIS/LAI产品误差更大。     

水稻露水凝结量研究

 【目的】于水稻生长季（6月初至9月末）对露水进行实地监测,探讨三江平原水稻植株露水凝结规律。【方法】选择杨木棒做收集器监测露水并计算露水强度,通过叶面积指数换算为单位面积土地上露水量。【结果】丰水年（2009年）露日数少于平水年（2008年）,但露水强度高于平水年,露水强度在每年8月达到峰值后逐渐减小。作物冠层露水强度强于顶层,底层露水强度最弱。经换算,2008年和2009年水田年露水量保守值分别为26.2 mm和31.4 mm。水稻密度对露水强度的影响不大,但作物密植可增加年露水量。【结论】湿地开垦为水田后,年露水量增加,叶面积指数是水田年露水量增加的关键因子。露水是影响水田水量平衡的重要因子,2008年和2009年水稻露水量分别占同期降水量的8.68%和6.14%。     

夏玉米LAI与冠层反射光谱的定量关系

从不同角度研究夏玉米LAI与其对应冠层反射光谱的相关性.结果表明,夏玉米LAI与冠层反射光谱的定量关系以由多个单波段建立的多元线性回归模型为最优,其次是由DVI(900,730)建立的三次多项式回归模型,再次是由SAVI(950,600)建立的幂函数回归模型.     

Characterizing leaf gas exchange responses of cotton to full and limited irrigation conditions

Plant responses to water deficit need to be monitored for producing a profitable crop as water deficit is a major constraint on crop yield. The objective of this study was to evaluate physiological responses of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) to various environmental conditions under limited water availability using commercially available varieties grown in South Texas. Soil moisture and variables of leaf gas exchange were measured to monitor water deficit for various varieties under different irrigation treatments. Lint yield and growth variables were also measured and correlations among growth parameters of interest were investigated. Significant differences were found in soil moisture, leaf net assimilation (A_n), stomatal conductance (g), transpiration rate (T_r), and instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE_i) among irrigation treatments in 2006 while no significant differences were found in these parameters in 2007. Some leaf gas exchange parameters, e.g., T_r, and leaf temperature (T_L) have strong correlations with A_n and g. A_n and WUE were increased by 30–35% and 30–40%, respectively, at 600 μmol (CO₂) m⁻² s⁻¹ in comparison with 400 μmol (CO₂) m⁻² s⁻¹. Lint yield was strongly correlated with g, T_r, WUE, and soil moisture at 60 cm depth. Relative A_n, T_r, and T_L started to decrease from FTSW 0.3 at 60 cm and FTSW 0.2 at 40 cm. The results demonstrate that plant water status under limited irrigation management can be qualitatively monitored using the measures of soil moisture as well as leaf gas exchange, which in turn can be useful for describing yield reduction due to water deficit. We found that using normalized A_n, T_r, and T_L is feasible to quantify plant water deficit.     

不同叶面积指数遥感产品在呼伦贝尔草甸草原的应用对比

叶面积指数(leaf area index,LAI)是植被生理过程模拟的重要参数之一,对植被气候关系、全球气候变化研究等具有重要的意义。近年来LAI产品越来越多,这些产品的精度、区域适用性都不相同。为了选择适用于呼伦贝尔典型草甸草原的LAI产品,为以后在呼伦贝尔展开工作提供便利,该文以内蒙古呼伦贝尔草甸草原为研究区域,利用2013年6-8月6期地面试验数据,以HJ-1A/B CCD高分辨率影像为中间桥梁建立植被指数SR与LAI的统计模型,反演得到LAI参考图像,对研究区域内与地面试验同期的MODIS LAI和GLASS LAI、GEOV1 LAI产品分别进行了直接验证与交叉验证。结果显示,3个LAI产品均存在高估现象,以GLASS LAI最为显著约高估41%,其次是MODIS LAI约高估了32%。GEOV1 LAI产品准确性最高,RMSE=0.289 MAE=0.216。GLASS LAI与GEOV1 LAI产品的相关性最好(R2=0.6465)。通过对比全年LAI产品发现,3个产品具有良好的时序一致性。GLASS LAI呈现为平滑曲线,高估现象主要存在于LAI值较小时。MODIS LAI最不稳定性,波动性较大。GEOV1 LAI产品在第133天至第201天这段时间内LAI值比其他两个产品的LAI值小;在第202天后GEOV1 LAI值与GLASS LAI值相差无几,高于MODIS LAI。根据对比分析结果,GEOV1 LAI产品最适用于呼伦贝尔典型草甸草原。通过提取质量控制层数据,确定云覆盖不是影响LAI异常的原因。