Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum and Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) on growth performance,immunity and disease resistance of Pangasius catfish (Pangasius bocourti,Sauvage 1880)

This study evaluated the effects of Jerusalem artichoke (JA) and Lactobacillus plantarum singly or combined on growth, immunity and disease resistance of Pangasius bocourti. In the first experiment, different concentrations of JA (0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 g kg^?1) were administered to determine an optimal concentration on growth of P. bocourti. In the second experiment, the optimal concentration of JA (5 g kg^?1) was combined with 10⁸ cfu g^?1 L. plantarum. In the final experiment, five randomly selected fish from the second experiment were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. Treatments for second and third experiments were 0 g kg^?1 JA (Diet 1), 5 g kg^?1 JA (Diet 2), 10⁸ cfu g^?1 L. plantarum (Diet 3) and 5 g kg^?1 JA + 10⁸ cfu g^?1 L. plantarum (Diet 4). Fish fed 5 g kg^?1 JA or 10⁸ cfu g^?1 of L. plantarum significantly improved specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), serum lysozyme activity and postchallenge survival rate (PCSR). Dietary in the combination of JA and L. plantarum showed significantly enhanced SGR, FCR, serum lysozyme, phagocytosis, respiratory burst activities and PCSR compared with control and individual applications. Dietary JA and L. plantarum significantly stimulated growth, immunity and disease resistance of P. bocourti.     

菊芋氮磷钾吸收积累与分配特征研究

以“青芋1号”菊芋为试材,通过田间试验对菊芋全生育期的各器官内氮、磷、钾养分的吸收积累与分配特征进行了研究。结果表明,随生育期的延长菊芋各器官营养元素浓度呈下降趋势。营养元素吸收速率呈双峰曲线变化;营养元素积累总量表现为:氮钾磷。块茎形成前,营养元素主要存于茎、叶;块茎形成到块茎膨大始期,叶内营养元素分配量持续减少,块茎分配量持续增多,而茎内磷、钾则呈单峰曲线变化;块茎开始膨大后,营养元素在茎、叶的分配量均迅速减小,块茎分配量迅速增加。     

菊芋种用块茎对比试验

本试验就菊芋切块播种与整块播种对产量及植物学性状的影响进行了研究，结果表明，菊芋整块播种从株高、光合叶面积、块茎大小、单株重、单株块茎数等植物学性状及产量方面均优于切块播种，且增产。     

有机无机肥配施对滨海脱盐土栽培菊芋及其养分吸收的影响

以蚯蚓粪和无机复合肥为材料,设置CK(不施肥)、T1(无机复合肥300kg/hm²)、T2(无机复合肥600kg/hm²)、T3(蚯蚓粪7.5 t/hm²)、T4(蚯蚓粪7.5 t/hm²、无机复合肥300 kg/hm²)、T5(蚯蚓粪7.5 t/hm²、无机复合肥600 kg/hm²)、T6(蚯蚓粪15 t/hm²)、T7(蚯蚓粪15 t/hm²、无机复合肥300 kg/hm²)、T8(蚯蚓粪15 t/hm²、无机复合肥600 kg/hm²)共计9个处理,研究了蚯蚓粪和无机复合肥配施下滨海脱盐土土壤性质的变化,栽培菊芋生长特性及养分吸收规律,以确立滨海脱盐土菊芋高效栽培最适有机无机肥配施方案。结果表明：随菊芋生育进程推进,土壤可溶性盐含量下降,T6处理幼苗期和开花期的可溶性盐含量均最低,分别为0.28和0.29 g/kg,较...     

分相萃取法纯化朝鲜蓟中洋蓟素的工艺研究

以朝鲜蓟提取物为原料、乙酸乙酯为萃取剂,考查萃取时间、分相时间、提取物质量浓度、相比、萃取温度、pH值等因素对萃取率的影响,并通过正交试验优化洋蓟素的最佳萃取参数。结果表明,朝鲜蓟中洋蓟素的最佳萃取参数为萃取时间30 min,分相时间80 min,提取物质量浓度10.0 g/L,相比1.25∶1,萃取温度35℃,pH值4.0,此时洋蓟素萃取率达到67.37%。     

菊芋的功能及其在食品中的应用

菊芋是一种具有多种生理功能的天然绿色食品,极具开发价值。论述了菊芋的营养功能、生理功能、生态功能及其在食品中的应用。     

不同灌水量和栽培方式对土壤养分及菊芋产量和品质的影响

于2021—2022年开展大田裂区试验,以灌水量为主区,3个灌水量分别为3 750 m³·hm^-2（W1）、4 500 m³·hm^-2（W2）、5 250 m³·hm^-2（W3）,栽培方式为副区,2种方式分别为垄作（B1）、平作（B2）,探索不同灌水量和栽培方式对河西荒漠化地区菊芋产量、品质和土壤养分含量的影响。结果表明,随着灌水量的增大,0~20 cm土层土壤全氮、碱解氮、总磷、有效磷含量呈下降趋势,而速效钾含量先上升后下降,其中W2B1处理表现最佳;W2B1处理菊芋株高、茎粗、单株块茎数、单株块茎质量和产量均高于其他处理,增幅分别为1.94%~19.79%、2.71%~28.87%、8.22%~31.68%、12.22%~57.81%和12.31%~58.01%。W1B1处理菊芋块茎总糖、还原糖、可溶性糖和菊糖含量均高于其他处理,增幅分别为7.25%~18.19%、1.35%~6.19%、4.20%~39.67%和7.58%~19.10%。菊糖含量表现为W1B1>W2B1>W2B2>W1B2>W3B2>W3B1,灌水量增大不利于菊糖在块茎中积累;相同灌水定额下,垄作方式比平作更有利于块茎菊糖积累。通过主成分分析综合评价不同处理对菊芋产量和品质以及土壤养分含量的影响发现,灌水量4 500 m³·hm^-2配合垄作方式效果最佳,灌水量5 250 m³·hm^-2配合平作方式效果最差。     

Evaluation of soil enzyme activities and microbial communities in tomato continuous cropping soil treated with jerusalem artichoke residues

ABSTRACT

Jerusalem artichoke (JY) (Helianthus tuberosus L.) has been reported to have a strong inhibitory effect on weed growth and root knot nematodes, but little information is available on the effects on soil ecosystems, especially soil microorganisms and soil enzyme activities. Understanding the dynamics of soil microbes and soil enzyme activities in cropping systems can help determine how agricultural practices influence soil processes mediated by JY residues. This study used a pot experiment, with five-year continuous cropping soil of tomato plants as the experimental material and 2% (w/w) JY residue as the treatment material in the soil. The treatment was compared to continuously monocropped tomato soil that was not treated with JY residues. The results of 16S high-throughput sequencing showed that both fungal and bacterial community structure and composition varied significantly at each stage of JY treatment. The analysis showed that the major phyla in the soil fungal community included Ascomycota, Zygomycota and Basidiomycota. Chytridiomycota was dominant in only the JY-treated soil. At the genus level, the abundances of Mortierella, Cephaliophora, Cryptococcus and Fusarium notably changed at each stage of JY treatment. In the bacterial community in the JY-treated group, the abundance of Proteobacteria increased significantly, while that of Firmicutes decreased significantly, compared to the control group. JY enhanced the activity of soil sucrase and urease. In addition, the soil sucrase activity showed a strong negative correlation with Fusarium and Bacillus. Overall, our results revealed that JY residues changed both the soil bacterial and fungal community composition and the soil enzyme activities.     

菊芋资源的开发利用

根据国内外近期研究成果，简要介绍了菊芋的生长习性及菊芋块茎的主要成分，比较系统地介绍了菊芋资源的开发现状，其中包括菊芋粉、菊芋汁、菊糖、果糖和低聚果糖等主要菊芋制品的生产、功能性及其在食品工业中的应用。     

干旱胁迫下菊芋苗期糖代谢响应研究

以“青芋2号”、“青芋3号”菊芋为材料,开展了干旱胁迫对菊芋苗期糖代谢响应的研究.结果表明,随着干旱胁迫时间和胁迫强度的增加,可溶性总糖呈逐步增加的趋势,其中果聚糖增加量较大.中度胁迫及重度胁迫下果聚糖含量显著提高,果聚糖在抗旱中起到重要作用;蔗糖含量随着胁迫强度及胁迫时间均呈先下降后上升趋势;葡萄糖在各胁迫下变化不显著.