水培生菜适宜营养液配方筛选研究

以生菜为材料,对4种不同的营养液配方水培生菜的形态指标和生理指标进行测定,并作差异显著性分析,结果表明:B(N 190.0 mg/L,P 44.4 mg/L,K 367.9 mg/L,Ca 42.0 mg/L,Mg 28.8mg/L,S 26.7 mg/L)和D(N 151.1 mg/L,P 61.5 mg/L,K 451.3 mg/L,Ca 48.0 mg/L,Mg 60.8mg/L,S 155.6 mg/L)2个配方比较适宜生菜的水培生产。     

营养液深度对水培生菜生长的影响

研究了5、10、15cm深度的营养液对水培生菜生长的影响,结果表明,三种深度营养液其pH和EC均在植株正常生长的范围之内。在营养液达到饱和溶氧量时,10cm深的营养液可满足当天植株对氧的需求;10cm深营养液栽培的生菜地上部鲜重、干重依次为124.26g/株和10.89g/株,比5cm深栽培的分别增加21.1%和28.6%,差异达极显著水平。     

旱生花卉鹅掌柴·月季不定根水培诱导试验

[目的]探索旱生花卉不定根的诱导方法。[方法]以1年生鹅掌柴、月季枝条为材料,以植株生根率、生长状况为指标,以清水为对照,利用植物普遍存在的生态适应性,采用先进的人工环境模拟控制技术,进行水培试验,探讨不同浓度的4种植物生长调节剂对旱生花卉不定根诱导的影响。[结果]各生长调节剂对插穗不定根的诱导均具有促进作用,其中生根灵对鹅掌柴效果较为显著,生根率比对照组和IBA、NAA各浓度激素处理的插穗高30%。而且价格比IBA、NAA便宜,从生产角度上来看,生根灵为首选;5mg/LIBA、NAA和10mg/LIBA对月季的促进作用高于其他激素浓度处理,生根率比对照高出30%。[结论]水培诱导旱生花卉不定根比土培具有明显优势。花卉水培不定根的诱导时间是影响插穗成活和生根的关键因素。     

Water and nutrient use efficiency of a low-cost hydroponic greenhouse for a cucumber crop: An Australian case study

The Australian greenhouse industry is primarily dominated by low-cost hydroponic greenhouses for delivery of water and nutrients to plants to grow a variety of vegetable crops including cucumber and tomato. The nutrient rich drainage water from these greenhouses is generally released into the local environment causing pollution concerns. This study was initiated to investigate the opportunities in recycling drainage water to increase water and nutrient-use efficiency of hydroponic greenhouses and reduce the environmental impact of the drainage water discharge. Results indicated that a total of 4.15 ML/ha of irrigation water was applied during the 13 weeks crop growing period of which 2.56 ML/ha was drained off and 1.59 ML/ha was used to meet the crop evapotranspiration demand. The study showed that the recycling of the drainage water resulted in a 33% reduction in potable water used for irrigation in cucumber production. The drainage water contained 59% applied N, 25% applied P and 55% applied K and illustrated the potential for nutrient recovery and production cost savings through the reuse of drainage water. This case study demonstrates that some relatively simple changes in irrigation practices within greenhouse systems to recycle drainage water can considerably improve sustainability of low-cost hydroponic greenhouses and help minimise the environmental footprint of the greenhouse industry.     

线辣椒不同生育阶段根系分泌物的组分分析

根系分泌物是引起连作障碍的原因之一.为解决线辣椒栽培中连作障碍问题,以陕西关中地区线辣椒主栽品种陕椒2006为试材,采用水培收集、气质联用仪(GC-MS)检测,分析陕椒2006在不同生长发育阶段根系分泌物的组成成分和相对含量.结果表明,线辣椒根系分泌物由多种有机化合物组成,在苗期水培30 d、苗期水培60 d以及开花期水培30 d的根系分泌物中分别检出相似度(或称匹配度)在70％以上的有机化合物21、27和31种,其中相对含量在0.20％以上的分别为21、24和29种.3个生育阶段的有机化合物可分为酸类、酚类、烃类、酯类、醇类、胺类、酮类和苯及其他杂环类8个类型,以酯类化合物所占比例最大,总相对含量分别为67.29％、56.07％和59.51％.3个阶段共有的物质13种,3个阶段独有的物质依次为3种、5种和12种.依据前人的研究结果和理论判断,该试验所检出的有机化合物中,17种具有化感作用,其中3个阶段共有的物质为9种,苗期30 d或60 d与开花期30 d共有的物质为3种,苗期60 d独有的物质为两种,开花期30 d独有的物质为3种.     

LED红蓝组合光谱对水培奶油小白菜生长及品质的影响

在设施水培条件下,以黄金四季奶油小白菜为试验材料,LED灯为人工光源,自然光为对照,研究不同光谱LED植物光灯的红蓝光波段组合对黄金四季奶油小白菜生长参数的影响,为植物工厂水培小白菜提供人工补光数据支撑。试验设定为蓝光(455nm)相对光谱固定不变,红光相对光谱分别为T1(7.53%)、T2(15.40%)、T3(30.28%)条件下的生长速度及品质。结果表明,红光相对光谱为30.28%时试验组小白菜的菜叶长度、株高、蛋白质以及叶绿素含量均显著高于其他处理,30.28%的红光相对光谱可作为水培小白菜的适宜光配合。     

栽培方式及光照条件对叶菜水培效果影响初探

以生菜及小白菜为试材,在简易泡沫槽及管道式水培模式下,探索其水培效果,并进一步在简易管道式水培模式下研究2种光照条件对叶菜生长的影响。结果表明:在同样生长条件下,2种模式水培的叶菜和基质栽培的产量差别并不显著,证实水培生产不影响这2种叶菜的产量;在2种光照条件下,生菜和小白菜都可以正常生长,可以形成一定的商品产量,但相较于200μmol/(m~2·s),100μmol/(m~2·s)光照更适合叶菜的生长,其生长量整体有较大的提升。     

断根对红掌静水培的影响

研究激素不同浓度、不同处理时间对红掌断根后再生根生长的影响,以及不同充氧周期、营养液浓度对红掌再生根系水培驯化的影响,探求红掌水培时根系耐弱氧的较佳驯化方法.试验结果表明:经激素(根旺)处理后,断根后红掌的生根能力显著增强,其中最适根旺浓度为0.25 g/L,处理时间为3 h;另外,营养液浓度和充氧制度对红掌根系耐弱氧的驯化均有影响,其中营养液浓度对根长的影响显著,最好效果浓度为1.5 C,而充氧制度对根系总量影响显著,其较好的方式为充氧1 h停止2 h间隔式充氧制度.     

尖尾芋水培营养液配方的筛选

[目的]为尖尾芋水培生产提供理论依据和技术支撑。[方法]用不同种营养液培养尖尾芋,测定比较形态和生理指标,对尖尾芋水培的4种营养液进行优化选择。[结果]用斯泰纳营养液培养的尖尾芋植株,其株高、叶片数、鲜重、叶绿素含量、光合速率及根系活力均高于日本园试、霍格兰和洛桑营养液,而丙二醛（MDA）含量较低,仅低于日本园试营养液培养的植株。[结论]斯泰纳营养液为尖尾芋的最优水培营养液。     

Nitrate/ammonium ratio effects on mineral element uptake by sorghum 1

Abstract

Experiments were conducted using different NO₃ ^–/NH₄ ⁺ ratios to determine the effects of these sources of N on mineral element uptake by sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] plants grown in nutrient solution. The NO₃ ^–/NH₄ ⁺ ratios in nutrient solution were 200/0, 195/5, 190/10, and 160/40 mg N L^–1. Nutrient solutions were sampled daily and plants harvested every other day during the 12‐day treatment period.

Moderately severe Fe deficiencies were observed on leaves of plants grown with 200/0 NO₃ ^–/NH₄ ⁺ solutions, but not on the leaves of plants grown with the other NO₃ ^–/NH₄ ⁺ ratios. As plants aged, less Fe, Mn, and Cu were translocated from the roots to leaves and leaf/root ratios of these elements decreased dramatically in plants grown with 200/0 NO₃ ^–/NH₄ ⁺ solutions. Extensive amounts of Fe, Mn, and Cu accumulated in or on the roots of plants grown with 200/0 NO₃ ^–/NH₄ ⁺ solutions. Manganese and Cu may have interacted strongly with Fe to inhibit Fe translocation to leaves and to induce Fe deficiency. As the proportion of NH₄ ⁺ in solution increased, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, and Zn concentrations decreased in the leaves, and Ca, Mg, Mn, and Cu concentrations decreased in roots. Potassium and Zn tended to increase in roots as NH₄ ⁺ in solution increased.