Case study on an integrated operation planning of multiple reservoirs for irrigation in Japan

In spite of several attempts at integrated operation planning, multiple reservoirs in Japan have been operated by trial and error without any formal rules. Subjects of integrated operation are not only showing optimal usage of daily storage levels as an operational policy but also providing a countermeasure for droughts.Objectives of this study are to make a formal operation rule of multiple reservoirs for irrigation using the theory of Required Storage for Drought Curve (RSDC) Method and to propose operational policy for multiple reservoirs as large water supply systems. The Iwaki river basin, on which there are four reservoirs for irrigation parallel with each other, is considered to be a model river basin with a large water system for this case study.From results of simulations using historical data, comparing an individual operation rule with an integrated operation rule on several indices, effectiveness of the latter rule is recognized. Under integrated operation, water losses are minimized and excessive water conservation can be avoided over the whole area to benefit while target river discharge is maintained at key control points because water usage from all reservoirs is well balanced in relation to water availability.     

田园管理机悬架部分的建模及仿真

主要介绍了虚拟制造技术在田园管理机悬架上的应用,并对田园管理机械的应用及特点作了介绍。针对目前的田园管理机的悬架存在的问题进行了研究,利用大型的三维建模软件Pro/E建立了悬架的三维模型,采用Pro/E与Adams之间的接口程序mech/pro将模型从Pro/E导入Adams,再进行动力学分析,模拟悬架在工作时各个部分的受力及运动状态,为进一步优化分析提供了依据。     

Water Pricing and Sustainability of Self-Governing Irrigation Schemes

The sustainability of self-governingirrigation schemes is currently underpressure in many countries as publicfinancial support is decreasing.Furthermore, growing global concernregarding water scarcity means thatefficient water use is essential.Theoretically the choice and implementationof a water-pricing system should play acentral role in achieving this objective,both by recovering water costs and byencouraging farmers to adopt more efficientbehaviour. In the Senegal River Delta newlyestablished water users associations (WUAs)have chosen low water charges, which areaffordable for the majority of farmers butwhich underestimate long-term maintenancecosts. Combined with the difficulty ofcollecting and managing farmers' fees, thischoice has drawn them into a vicious circleleading to scheme deterioration and poorwater service. New alternatives have beendiscussed with them using a simulation toolthat takes into account both the watercosts and the farmers' incomes. Comparedwith the present fixed water charge basedonly on cultivated land, a two-part optionbased both on equipped and irrigated areasensures the recovery of fixed expenses suchas maintenance, while encouraging farmersto intensify their farming systems byadopting double cropping. Neverthelesschoosing a relevant water charge does notensure by itself the sustainability of anirrigation scheme. Combined supportproviding WUAS and farmers with efficientadvice regarding management andorganisational skills should alsocontribute significantly to achieve thisprime objective.     

对汽车撞柱的仿真研究

由于许多汽车事故是因为车辆撞枉而造成的，根据采集得到的真实事故数据，应用LS—DYNA和MADY—MO对车辆撞柱进行仿真，时仿真结果与事故调查结果比较分析表明，该仿真结果能真实反应实际撞柱情况，仿真方法的有效性得以证实。     

小缸径直喷柴油机喷雾与燃烧三维数值模拟

应用CFD软件对一台小缸径增压中冷柴油机进行了喷雾燃烧数值模拟,得到了详细的喷雾发展形态、燃油浓度分布和燃烧过程温度场、有害排放物分布等重要信息,为燃烧室结构优化设计和与油嘴匹配奠定基础。计算结果表明,计算示功图与实测值吻合较好;喷油阶段,油束存在碰壁现象,燃烧室凹坑底部燃油浓度较高;随着活塞下行,锥台与凹坑连接处空气运动较弱,燃油浓度较高,同时NOx与Soot生成与混合气浓度、空气运动、温度有密切联系。     

油菜收获机清选装置虚拟样机的建模与仿真实验

针对油菜收获机清选装置的设计及改进过程中存在的各种问题,以DF-1.5型物料脱粒分离、清选仿真与控制试验台为原型,建立风筛清选装置的虚拟样机模型,并对不同机械系统工作参数下,油菜物料在清选装置中的运动规律进行初步的仿真研究。     

壁面粗糙度对轴流泵水力性能影响的研究

采用全三维雷诺时均Navier-Stokes方程和标准κ-ε湍流模型,数值模拟了包括叶轮、导叶、泵壳和轮毂等过流部件壁面粗糙度对轴流泵水力性能的影响。计算结果表明,壁面粗糙度对轴流泵的水力特性影响显著。通过机械抛光或表面处理等方法,降低过流表面的粗糙度,可有效地提高轴流泵的扬程和效率。水泵的效率对叶片表面的粗糙度更加敏感,应给予更多的关注。研究还发现,水泵出口断面轴向流速分布均匀度和速度加权平均偏流角也随壁面粗糙度改变而改变。     

搅拌器搅拌流场的三维数值模拟

将CFD技术应用于搅拌器搅拌流场的分析，基于Navier-Stokes方程和标准k-t紊流模型，求解搅拌器的湍流场，数值模拟的结果对搅拌器水力优化设计具有指导意义。     

混沌-步长加速法在营养液系统中的应用

将步长加速法与混沌优化方法结合,解决了混沌优化方法收敛速度慢和步长加速法只适合于局部寻优的缺陷.为此,介绍了无糖组培营养液循环控制系统的设计和构成,并采用混沌-步长加速法针对无糖组培营养液控制系统的PID控制器参数寻优,以实现营养液的自动调配.仿真结果表明:该优化方法搜索效率高,所得参数较好地满足了系统控制要求.     

基于PSS/E参数文件的电力系统可视化图形生成系统

利用PSS/E形成的参数等值数据文件，结合电力系统数字仿真数据结构的特点，提出了一种只需人工输入少量信息(PSS／E节点名)，充分利用已有的PSS/E参数文件，支持等值网络的绘图系统。本系统能自动进行网络拓扑编号；自动从PSS/E参数数据文件中搜索到用于仿真的等值数据、自动进行三相节点编号、计算并保存等值机的数据信息；根据PSS／E数据文件对网络结构进行自检，仿真结果以COMTRADE格式数据输出。本系统减少了用户工作量，充分利用了已有资源，提高了电网分析的智能化和准确性。