滴滤法处理村镇生活污水研究

[目的]为高效、低耗地处理村镇生活污水提供参考。[方法]研发了新型滴滤池工艺,考察滴滤池的最佳运行参数以及改善系统脱氮效果的措施。[结果]采用新型滴滤池工艺对COD、NH3-N、TN的去除率分别可达80.63%、81.7%、84.7%。滴滤池的水力负荷宜控制在2.0～4.0m3/（m^2·d）。用滴滤法处理村镇生活污水,能显著降低废水COD、NH3-N浓度,加设厌氧段能增强滴滤池的抗冲击能力,增强滴滤塔生物膜的稳定性。[结论]研发的新型滴滤池工艺能显著提高村镇污水的处理效果。     

从2001～2008年载文量和载文作者群看《森林防火》编辑中的问题及改进方法

森林防火工作历来是党和国家很重视的。《森林防火》见证了我国森林防火工作的发展历程。对《森林防火》2001-2008年32期的载文量及各栏目载文量、文献标识码、载文作者群进行了统计分析,从而查找杂志的不足之处并提出改进方法,更好的为全国森林防火工作服务。     

The effect of feeding commercial diets on the development of juvenile crucian carp (Carassius carassius,L.). Part 1: Skeletal deformations

The crucian carp (Carassius carassius, L.) is a cyprinid freshwater species, whose wild‐living populations have decreased in recent years due to an increasing competition of invasive species. Several initiatives were launched, attempting to reintroduce this fish back into its native open waters, which requires the use of crucian carp fry grown under controlled conditions. However, the use of popular commercial diets results in severe developmental abnormalities. The aim of this study was to analyse the impact of feeding natural feed (Chironomidae sp. larvae) or two popular commercial diets on the skeletal development of crucian carp juveniles. Whole‐mount staining and histological methods were used in the study. Skeletal tissues of fish fed both commercial diets were demineralized and displayed a variety of deformities, such as abnormal vertebral spines and vertebral fusion, as well as a new type of deformation, which involved the action of dorsal fin pterygiophores upon the spine. Finally, a novel analytical method was proposed, which utilizes LA‐ICP‐MS for the estimation of bone mineralization. The study proved that basic commercial diets are inadequate for the rearing of crucian carp juveniles.     

Improvement of paddy field drainage for mechanization

In Japan, land consolidation and drainage improvement for farm mechanization in paddy fields began during the 1960 s. It was not easy to use big machines in the muddy conditions caused by the clayey soil and heavy rainfall during the harvesting period. A number of investigations were carried out by many researchers, and factors relating to drainage were clarified. Not only surface drainage but also underdrainage was planned. However, drainage was not always sufficient, because the clayey surface soil was impermeable to ponding water. It became clear that underdrainage for a clayey paddy field for the harvest is quite different from underdrainage for an ordinary field. Field and soil characteristics, as well as water conditions, should be examined carefully before planning drainage improvement for farm mechanization.Dr. Toshio Tabuchi is an honorable member of the Japanese Society of Irrigation, Drainage and Reclamation Engineering (JSIDRE), a former Professor of the University of Tokyo, and a former President of JSIDRE     

4YW-2型玉米收获机的研究与试验

采用液压折腰转向原理对自走式玉米收获机进行设计研究与试验。该机一次可收获两行玉米,整机体积小,转弯半径小,操作方便,保养维修简单安全。整机结构配置新颖独特,实现收获自走式、集穗箱液压升举翻转拖车式,使转弯半径达到2.5 m。工作部件摘穗辊设计为螺旋圆锥凸棱组合式,抓取能力强、子粒损失少。     

生物质致密成型装备的研究

介绍了目前使用的成型机类型及其缺点,设计了一种新型成型机,并介绍了其工艺流程和成型原理以及动力液压回路的设计。生产试验和试运行结果表明,该成型机具有结构简单、成本低廉、成型质量好、成型管寿命显著提高等优点,具有很好的推广前景。     

微灌毛管水力设计的经验系数法 微灌水力设计计算方法探讨之三

本文定义了经验系数a_1(a_2),并由此建立了微灌毛管上最大(最小)灌水器流量与平均流量间的关系式,计算并绘出了地形坡降J=-0.05～0.05、流态指数x=0.49～0.762、流量q=3.79～40.98L/h、流量偏差q=0.10～0.24范围内a_1的变化值,论证了a_1=0.65吋,产生的计算误差在3％以内,因此可在微灌设计中应用;并列出了按经验系数法计算毛管的步骤,并示以算例。     

装载机中数字电液比例控制系统的仿真

介绍了用全新的数字电液比例先导控制方向阀——高速开关阀取代传统的电液比例阀,与多路阀构成数字电液比例换向阀,实现对装载机的数字化电液比例控制。然后用Matlab仿真软件中的Simulink对高速开关阀进行动态特性仿真,证明通过改变它的占空比可以控制多路阀的流量,从而达到控制工作部件的运动速度。     

尼罗罗非鱼整胚原位杂交技术的建立和初步应用

为了研究尼罗罗非鱼胚胎发育和器官形成过程中基因功能和基因表达图式,本研究建立了尼罗罗非鱼的整胚原位杂交流程。尼罗罗非鱼的胚胎具有卵黄大、不透明、色素出现早等特点,因此现有鱼类整胚原位杂交方法不能完全适用于尼罗罗非鱼的胚胎,故本研究做了相应的调整和优化:通过提高H2O2的浓度和添加KOH,改良了尼罗罗非鱼胚胎的色素去除方法;使用冷丙酮代替蛋白酶K在提高胚胎通透性的同时保持胚胎完整;减少了探针回收和抗体回收后的洗涤次数,完善了结果的图像采集和胚胎保存方案。使用尼罗罗非鱼的重组激活基因Rag1作为探针基因,整胚原位杂交结果显示Rag1基因表达的位置与已报道的斑马鱼和日本青鳉的Rag1基因在胚胎中的表达位置高度保守,胚胎完整,基因表达位置清晰可见,表明此套尼罗罗非鱼的整胚原位杂交技术流程成功有效。     

水工特种混凝土及其复合材料的应用

在工程结构中,水工混凝土是用以修建经常或周期性的承受淡水、海水或冰块的冲刷、侵蚀、渗透和撞击作用的水工建筑物所用的混凝土,其有特殊的要求和规定。本文针对水工混凝土的特殊性设计几种特殊的水工混凝土。