Effects of Magnesium Compound with Fertilizer on Daylily (Hemerocallis citrina Baroni) Growth and Soil Nutrients

Effects of two kinds of magnesium compound with fertilizer on Daylily (Hemerocallis citrina Baroni) growth, yield, and soil nutrients in red soil were studied. The results indicated that significant effects of magnesium applied to soils were observed in increasing Daylily (Hemerocallis citrina Baroni) yield, improving its growth, and strengthening its antivirus property as well as increasing the amount of exchangeable Mg, N, P, and K in red soil. In particular, the effects of magnesium compound fertilizer Ⅱ (MCF2) with higher Mg content were better than that of the others, which increased Daylily (Hemerocallis citrina Baroni) yield by 57.4, 32.8, and 14.5% compared to that of control treatment (CK), chemical fertilizer with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium treatment (CF), and magnesium compound fertilizer Ⅰ treatment (MCF1) with lower Mg content. It increased soil Alkali N, available P, exchangeable K, and exchangeable Mg by 94.9, 46.5, 31.1,and 35.3%, respectively, compared with that of CK treatment. Therefore, the application of magnesium compound with fertilizer is an optimum method for improving red soil quality.     

大花萱草工厂化快繁技术研究

以大花萱草"红运"的茎段和花蕾为外植体,进行了消毒剂和移栽基质的筛选,研究不同浓度激素组合对茎段、花蕾、丛芽愈伤组织诱导和生根的影响。结果表明:茎段愈伤诱导最佳培养基为MS+6-BA 1.5 mg/L+IBA 0.2 mg/L;花蕾愈伤诱导最佳培养基为MS+6-BA 2.0～3.0 mg/L+IBA 0.2 mg/L;丛芽分化增殖适宜的培养基为MS+6-BA 0.3 mg/L+IBA 0.1 mg/L和MS+6-BA 1.5 mg/L+IBA 0.2 mg/L,二者可交替使用;最佳生根培养基为1/2MS+IBA 0.5mg/L;用0.1%HgCl₂溶液消毒10 min为宜,蛭石为适宜大规模生产的移栽基质。     

大花萱草‘香宝’再生体系的建立

以萱草‘香宝’的花托为外植体,用正交试验法研究了不同激素及其不同浓度对愈伤组织诱导、愈伤组织增殖、不定芽诱导和不定根诱导的影响.结果表明:6-BA是影响‘香宝’愈伤组织诱导的主要因素,各因素影响的主次关系为6-BA>2,4-D>NAA>KT,最适愈伤诱导的培养基为MS+6-BA 2mg/L+2,4-D 2mg/L+NAA0.3mg/L,愈伤诱导率为81.28%;6-BA是影响愈伤增殖的主要因素,各因素影响的主次关系为6-BA>NAA>KT>2,4-D,愈伤组织增殖的最佳配方为MS+6-BA 1 mg/L+KT 1 mg/L+2,4-D 0.2 mg/L+NAA0.05mg/L,愈伤增值倍数为5.271;GA是影响不定芽诱导的主要因素,各因素影响的主次关系为GA>6-BA>NAA,最适不定芽诱导的培养基为MS+6-BA 1mg/L+NAA 0.1mg/L+GA 0.5mg/L,不定芽诱导率为78.21%;IAA是影响不定根诱导的主要因素,因素影响的主次关系为IAA>MS>蔗糖>NAA,最适不定根诱导的培养基为1/2MS+NAA 0.3mg/L+蔗糖20g/L,不定根诱导率为94.4%.     

国内外萱草新品种选育研究进展

萱草（Hemerocallis L.）是我国传统的园林植物,因其食药兼顾而具有极高经济价值。中国虽然是萱草属植物自然分布最广的国家,相关研究却落后于国外。目前国内所使用的园艺品种主要依靠国外引进,具备我国自主知识产权的园艺品种相对较少。本文对国内萱草种质资源进行了详细介绍,从花型、花香、花色、花期、抗寒、抗病等不同选育目标的角度,对国内外的新品种选育成果进行综述,重点突出了国内在花期、抗寒新品种的育种成果,同时对新品种选育技术进行了概述,并对国内在萱草新品种选育研究中的问题和展望进行了讨论,以期为萱草新品种选育提供参考依据。     

太行山野生萱草染色体数鉴定与核型分析

对山西省太行山脉的野生萱草属植物进行调查采集,并对收集到的9个野生萱草种进行染色体数鉴定,其中,7个为二倍体,2个为三倍体,分属4个种,未发现四倍体。分别对1个二倍体和1个三倍体的染色体核型进行分析,核型公式和染色体相对长度组成分别为:左权1号(北黄花菜)2n=2x=22=10m+12sm,4L+2M2+12M1+4S;阳城1号(萱草)2n=3x=33=24m+9sm,3L+15M2+12M1+3S;核型不对称系数分别为61.64%和60.26%;供试的2种萱草均属于Stebbins核型的2B型。     

大花萱草自交、杂交及不同栽培环境结实率比较

以苏英、瑾红、苏星、金背红、紫、暗中明、唐、星散、美国幻儿、斯特拉德奥、金环蚀、苏锦、金娃娃、高贵为亲本,对大花萱草(Hemerocalis hybrid)品种自交与杂交的结实率进行了研究.结果表明,杂交组合的结实率与父、母本有关,sf-6与j-1无论正交还是反交,结实率都比其他组合高.n-4、nz-51、nzy-1无论采用露地栽培还是设施栽培,相应的杂交组合均不结实;sf-6人工自花授粉与开放性授粉结实率差异不大,均在60％以上,总体上看人工自花授粉明显好于开放性授粉;设施栽培的结实率高于露地栽培的结实率.     

大花萱草的花梗组织培养与快速繁殖

[目的]建立大花萱草的花梗组织培养与快速繁殖方法。[方法]以矮化大花萱草的幼嫩花梗为材料,筛选大花萱草快速繁殖中的愈伤组织诱导及丛生芽发生培养基及生根培养基。[结果]MS+2.0～3.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.2～0.3 mg/L NAA、MS+1.0～2.0 mg/L6-BA+0.1～0.2 mg/L NAA及MS和1/2MS+0.2 mg/L NAA培养基分别是愈伤组织诱导、继代培养和生根培养的理想培养基。[结论]该研究所采用的离体培养及簇生苗生根技术,是快速繁殖大花萱草的有效途径,为大花萱草的工厂化生产提供了技术参考。     

红圆蚧3种寄生蜂的生物学研究

本文研究寄生于红圆蚧的３种寄生蜂生长发育，产卵和寿命。结果表明，印巴黄蚜小蜂发育最快，岭南黄蚜小蜂次之，盾蚧长缨蚜小蜂最慢。前两者偏好寄生较大的３龄蚧虫；而盾蚧长缨蚜小蜂则偏好较小的２龄蚧虫，从不同龄期羽化的该虫生产卵量也不同。建立一个温度与发育速率的模型，模拟结果与试验结果基本相符。     

Floral fragrances of Hemerocallis L. (daylily) evaluated by headspace solid-phase microextraction with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Traditional breeding objectives focusing on flower type and colour have resulted in the lack of floral fragrances in modern daylilies. Headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) was used to determine the contributions of floral volatiles to floral fragrances in 46 daylilies (seven species, one variety, and 38 cultivars). Thirty-seven floral volatiles were identified, including 30 terpenoids, five benzenoids, and two nitrogenous compounds. Sensory evaluation and HS-SPME-GC-MS revealed that variations in the relative emission rates and proportions of (E)-β-ocimene and linalool were mainly responsible for different fragrance patterns in Hemerocallis. The studied daylilies were grouped to six fragrance patterns: (1) intense herbaceous and pungent scent, having the highest (E)-β-ocimene emission level; (2) intense flowery and pungent scent, having medium (E)-β-ocimene and low linalool emission levels; (3) medium flowery and sweet scent, having very low (E)-β-ocimene and the highest linalool emission levels; (4) low flowery and fresh scent, having low (E)-β-ocimene and no linalool emission levels; (5) very low herbaceous and fresh scent, having very low (E)-β-ocimene and linalool emission levels; and (6) no scent, having trace amounts of floral volatiles.     

Characterisation of woody Medicago (sect. Dendrotelis) species, on the basis of seed and seedling morphometry

The three species belonging to the sect. Dendrotelis of the genus Medicago: M. arborea L., M. citrina (Font Quer) Greuter, and M. strasseri Greuter, Matthäs & Risse, were characterized using 12 morphometrical characters of seeds and 20 of seedlings. These species have interest for the regeneration of degraded lands in semi-arid climates. M. arborea presents the largest phenotypic variability and is dispersed throughout the Mediterranean basin, while the other two species are endemic to a very reduced area, M. citrina, in Columbretes Islands and Cabrera Islands (Spain) and M. strasseri in Crete. Several populations of M. arborea were measured, in order to compare the intraspecific variability within M. arborea with the differences among all three species. The multivariate analysis of the data used characters that were independent of the size of the studied organs. The three species were clearly differentiated on the basis of seed characters. On the other hand, seedling characters distinguished M. citrina from the other two species, but M. strasseri and the populations of M. arborea were intermingled. In spite of this, we have described relevant morphological differences among M. arborea, M. strasseri and M. citrina, which are consistent with other ecological or bromatological differences. The study supports that the three accessions merit to be considered as three different species.