城市绿地土壤温室气体通量及其人为影响因素研究进展

城市绿地作为城市生态系统重要的组成部分,它既是城市碳氮元素重要的储存库,也是温室气体不容忽视的排放源.城市绿地土壤温室气体通量除受原自然条件影响外,更多的受城市人为活动的影响.在自然因素和人为活动干扰的相互作用下,城市绿地碳氮库和碳氮流具有复杂性和多变性.因此,在综述城市绿地土壤温室气体通量研究进展的基础上,探讨了人为活动对城市绿地土壤温室气体通量的影响,并从城市绿地土壤温室气体通量变化的时空差异性、人为干扰对城市绿地土壤温室气体通量的直接和间接影响因子以及科学合理地规划城市绿地景观植被3个方面提出了研究展望.     

基于物联网的北方温室环境调控规程

温室的主要功能是通过改变温室环境条件以满足温室内作物的生长需求。通过不同调控机构的组合可实现温室的环境调控。制定了基于物联网的北方温室环境调控规程,提高了温室监控的智能水平。     

生物地球化学模型DNDC的研究进展与碳动态模拟应用

脱氮脱碳模型(denitrification-decomposition,DNDC)是通过计算反硝化和有机质分解来模拟氮和碳从土壤丢失而转移入大气时的主要生物地球化学过程模型。作为目前国际上最成功的模拟陆地生物地球化学循环的模型之一,本文主要阐述了DNDC模型的发展过程及其结构,整理了DNDC模型在碳动态模拟过程中的主要研究进展,总结了当前DNDC模型在碳动态模拟领域的应用热点和优势。     

PG99S智能型喷灌机的调试及维护

在蔬菜、花卉的工厂化育苗生产中,准确控制肥水的浓度和喷洒的均匀性显得尤为重要,而喷灌设备作为智能型连栋育苗温室的主要浇灌设备,被广泛应用于现代化育苗温室中。该设备自动作业,水量控制精准。本文就PG99S型智能喷灌机介绍其调试方法和故障维修。     

Determination of comprehensive quality index for tomato and its response to different irrigation treatments

In order to investigate better irrigation scheduling with the compromise between yield and quality of greenhouse-grown tomato under limit water supply, two experiments of different irrigation treatments were conducted in the arid region of northwest China during spring to summer in 2008 (2008 season) and winter in 2008 to summer in 2009 (2008-2009 season). After measuring single quality attributes, the analysis hierarchy process (AHP) and technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) were used to determine the weight of single quality attributes and comprehensive quality index, respectively. The results show that the rank of comprehensive quality index had good fitness to that of single quality attributes, indicating that the comprehensive quality index was reliable. Compared to full irrigation, applying 1/3 or 2/3 of full irrigation amount at the seedling stage had slight improvement of comprehensive quality and limit water saving. Applying 1/3 or 2/3 of full irrigation amount at the fruit maturation and harvesting stage decreased the yield by 23.0-40.9%, but had the best comprehensive quality. However, applying 1/3 of full irrigation amount at the flowering and fruit development stage significantly reduced crop water consumption and had obvious improvement of comprehensive quality, but did not decrease the yield significantly and water use efficiency in the 2008 season. And applying 2/3 of full irrigation amount at the flowering and fruit development stage significantly decreased crop water consumption and slightly improved the comprehensive quality, but did not decrease the yield significantly in the 2008-2009 season. Considering the water saving amount, yield and comprehensive quality, applying 1/3 or 2/3 of full irrigation amount at the flowering and fruit development stage and no water stress in other growth stages appears to be a better irrigation scheduling with the compromise between yield and quality of greenhouse-grown tomato, which can be recommended for the spring to summer and winter to summer seasons in the arid region of northwest China.     

基于变频驱动的温室变风量通风节能效果试验

基于变频调速驱动技术的温室变风量通风(VAV)方法,可以实现温室夏季通风节能。在一个装备机械通风系统的连栋温室中对设置由变频驱动(VFD)控制的通风系统和常规的开关通风系统进行对比试验。变频控制系统由输入参数为室外环境太阳辐射热流密度和温室内外部温度的控制算法实现变风量通风(VAV),两部分温室的内部气候参数和耗电量得到连续检测并进行对比。连续试验结果表明:在保证两个温室气候参数一致的条件下,变频驱动控制方式比非变频驱动控制方式具有36%(湿帘不工作)和46%(湿帘工作)的节能效果。     

数据融合技术在温室温度检测中的应用

根据温室环境中空间大,温度场分布受到各种参数影响大等特点,提出了采用数据融合方法来处理温室中采集到的传感器数据,采用分布图法剔除疏失误差,采用基于均值的分批估计的融合方法对采集的数据进行处理,提高了温度采集的精度,同时有效地消除了由于传感器失效引起的误差。     

现代通信技术在温室中的应用

现代通信技术的快速发展为温室产业进一步向集约化、规模化方向发展,信息的远程采集、实时处理与控制提供了重要支撑。越来越多的温室环境控制系统集成了各种先进的通信技术解决方案,建立了高效的管理系统。本文从有线和无线分类角度对目前较常见的现代通信技术进行阐述,对各种通信技术在温室中的应用优势与局限性进行了对比,提出了当前较常用的几种现代通信解决方案。     

Factors underlying the investment decision in energy-saving systems in Dutch horticulture

In the Netherlands the greenhouse sector is a major user of energy. It accounts for 7% of the total national energy use and for 79% of the total energy use in agriculture. In order to sustain this sector on the long term, it is important that its use of energy is lowered. One way of reducing energy use by horticultural producers is investing in energy-saving systems. The purpose of this paper is to provide a better understanding of the investment behavior of firm operators in the adoption of energy-saving systems. Research objectives of the paper are (1) to analyze factors underlying the decision to invest, (2) to explore factors underlying the optimal size of investments. Three investment theories were used to construct an empirical model of investment. Consequently, this model was estimated in a two-stage procedure to analyze the factors influencing the decision of farmers to invest and the level of investments. The paper ends with policy implications.