大豆化学诱变育种及其规律的研究

应用化学诱变剂处理大豆种子,对M_1代植株的生育及形态均有强烈的抑制作用.M_1代所产生的形态变异主要是由于化学物质扰乱了植株生理而产生生理损伤所致.在M_2代植株各性状中以分枝数、株高、单株荚数的遗传变异系数较大,说明这些性状选择的潜力是大的,通过选择容易达到预期目标.诱变M_3代绝大多数性状仍在分离.加强选择,能选出早熟、大粒、农艺性状好、丰产的新品系.     

基于遗传算法的泵汽蚀试验数据拟合

文章对标准的遗传算法进行改进，采用了浮点数直接编码方式最优保留策略、算术交叉和非一致性变异算法等方法，并对泵汽蚀试验数据拟合问题进行分析，引入了此改进的遗传算法。最后给出了一组汽蚀试验数据，分析采用常规方法拟合和基于遗传算法拟合。结果说明了本文提出方法的可行性。     

Combining deliberative and computer-based methods for multi-objective land-use planning

This paper reports the outcomes of a deliberative workshop comparing land-use plans proposed by land-manager or domain experts with those derived using a computer-based decision support system (DSS). The DSS integrates four main components, a geographic information system, land-use systems simulation models, impact assessments and land-use planning tools. The land-use planning tools draw on the other components to generate and evaluate alternative patterns of land use and management. Since the land-use planning tools are based on multi-objective genetic algorithms (mGAs) it is possible to generate a range of alternative plans that define the structure of the trade-off between the objectives. The workshop tasked the delegates with specifying land-use plans that achieved the best compromise between two objectives known to be non-commensurable and conflicting. The nature of the best compromise was dependent on their individual perspectives. The delegates proposed allocations both as individuals and in researcher-facilitated sub-groups. The mGA allocations were then compared with those derived by delegates and were found to be broadly similar in performance. Differences in the range of allocations considered feasible were explained by the hard and soft constraints on allocations agreed between the delegates and articulated within the workshop process. The hypothesis that part of the difference in performance between the mGA and delegate allocations was due to the delegates blocking together fields with the same land use for convenience of management was proved. The analysis of the group allocations revealed that the decision-making process had failed to improve on the individual allocations. From these results it was concluded that there was a potential role for mGA based land-use planning tools in researching into, and deliberating on, the possible impacts of policy or other factors affecting land-use systems. It was further concluded that the tools should not be used in isolation since there was the need for stake-holder inputs to adequately define the range of feasible and practical land-use plans.     

Inverse Modeling to Quantify Irrigation System Characteristics and Operational Management

Remotely sensed (RS) data is a major source to obtain spatialdata required for hydrological models. The challenge for thefuture is to obtain besides the more direct observable data(landcover, leaf area index, digital elevation model andevapotranspiration), non-visible data such as soilcharacteristics, groundwater depth and irrigation practices.In this study we have explore the option of using inversemodeling to obtain these non-RS-visible data. For a commandarea in Haryana, India, we applied for the 2000–2001 rabiseason a RS-GIS-combined inverse modeling approach to derivenon-RS-visible data required in the regional application ofhydrological models. A Genetic Algorithm loaded stochasticphysically based soil-water-atmosphere-plant model (SWAP) wasdeveloped for the inverse problem and used in the study. Theresults showed good agreement with the inventoried data suchas soil hydraulic properties, sowing dates, groundwaterdepths, irrigation practices and water quality. The deriveddata could be used to predict the state of the system at anytime in the cropping season, which can be used to evaluateoperational management strategies.     

遗传算法在离心泵叶片优化设计中的应用

对遗传算法在流体机械优化设计中的应用现状作了较为全面的总结；提出了将遗传算法应用于离心泵叶片优化设计中，分析了遗传算法在离心泵优化设计中应用的可行性以及存在的问题；对离心泵优化设计的发展提出了一些新建议和尝试。     

遗传神经网络在温室黄瓜霜霉病预测中的应用

在神经网络结构的优化、连续权重的训练中采用遗传算法的方法对日光温室黄瓜霜霉病进行预测，并对其发生程度进行了拟合，计算值与实际值接近，表明该模型具有良好的预测效果。     

乌苏里拟鲿(Pseudobagrus ussuriensis)同工酶分析

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法,对黑龙江水系乌苏里拟鲿(Pseudobagrus ussuriensis)心、肝、肾、眼、肌肉和性腺共6种组织进行了9种同工酶(ADH、EST、G6PDH、GDH、IDH、LDH、MDH、POD、SOD)的分析。结果表明,乌苏里拟鲿EST、GDH、IDH、POD同工酶谱中存在不同程度的组织特异性,EST表现出明显的性别差异性。共记录19个基因位点,多态位点百分数P=21.05%,种群遗传偏离指数d=-1,该乌苏里拟鲿种群内部杂合子缺失较严重,偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡,遗传多样性较低。     

大豆油脂脂肪酸含量与主要农艺性状的遗传相关及通径分析

选用2份吉林省主推的大豆品种,3份引自美国的低亚麻酸材料作为杂交亲本,2000年按Griffing方法2进行双列杂交,估算了5种油脂脂肪酸含量与主要农艺性状的遗传相关及对单株粒重、百粒重的通径系数.结果表明:表型相关系数与遗传相关系数非常接近.棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚麻酸含量和百粒重的遗传相关均为正值,亚麻酸含量与百粒重呈极显著的正相关,而亚油酸含量与百粒重的遗传相关为负值,通过百粒重可以对亚麻酸和亚油酸进行间接选择.油酸、亚麻酸对单株粒重的直接效应与遗传相关的表现相一致.亚油酸对单株粒重的直接正效应主要被油酸、亚麻酸的间接负效应所掩盖,使得亚油酸的直接效应与遗传相关表现相反.棕榈酸、硬脂酸、亚油酸对百粒重的直接效应与遗传相关的表现一致.油酸、亚麻酸对百粒重的直接通径系数与遗传相关的表现不一致,主要是被亚油酸的正向效应所掩盖.因此可通过百粒重进行间接选择,以达到低亚麻酸育种目标,同时也可提高亚油酸含量.     

基于表型和基因型的藜麦种质资源遗传多样性分析

为了解和掌握青海省引进和收集藜麦种质资源的遗传背景和多样性,本研究选择11个表型性状和221对SSR引物对114份藜麦种质资源进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明,114份藜麦种质资源的11个表型性状差异极显著（P＜0.01）,变异系数范围为4.57%~87.79%,主穗直径的变异最大（87.79%）,籽粒直径的变异最小（4.57%）;遗传多样性指数范围为0.47~2.29,单株产量的遗传多样性指数最大（2.29）,茎秆长最小（0.47）。46对多态性较好的SSR引物扩增出165条多态性条带,每对引物的平均等位变异数为3.59,观测等位基因（Na）平均值为1.65,有效等位基因（Ne）平均值为1.50,Shannon’s信息指数（I）和Nei’s基因多样性指数（He）平均值分别为0.39和0.27,平均多态性比率为64.35%。通过聚类分析发现,114份藜麦种质基于表型性状和SSR分子标记的聚类结果存在一定的相似和差异,来源地相同的种质被分到了不同的类群,来源地不同的种质被分到了同一类或单独聚成一类,说明参试藜麦种质资源的表型性状和分子遗传信息多样性较丰富。     

不同栽培类型蓝莓遗传多样性的SSR分析

以南方地区的蓝莓品种为主要对象,利用SSR标记分析现有品种种质的遗传多样性。设计合成了56对蓝莓SSR分子标记引物,进行扩增和多态性引物筛选,将多态性好的引物用于66份蓝莓不同类型种质的遗传多样性分析。结果表明,56对引物均能扩增出预期大小条带,其中条带清晰多态性较好的引物为25对,占比引物数的44.64%,多数引物扩增的位点数在5~7个之间。25对引物在66份蓝莓供试种质中检测多态性,共检测到165个等位变异,平均每个位点有6.6个等位变异,PIC值变幅为0.656~0.947,平均值为0.777。多态性最好的引物Vc26可以检测到15个等位基因数目。北方高丛、南方高丛和兔眼类型66份蓝莓种质的遗传相似系数位于0.60~0.96之间,品种间遗传差异较丰富。利用UPGMA聚类将3种类型种质进行分析,发现除了兔眼类型品种‘红粉佳人’外,其余明显分为3个类群,且同一类型的种质基本聚在一起。结合不同类型种质的系谱分析,发现分类与品种种质的遗传成分相似有一定的相关。研究利用SSR分子标记揭示了蓝莓不同类型种质的遗传多样性,对今后杂交育种亲本选择利用有一定借鉴意义。