Effect of Zinc and Dolomite Treatments on the Chemical Composition of Acid Sandy Soil and Bean Crop

The impact of the application of 4,500 kg ha^?1 dolomite with or without 40 kg ha^?1 ZnSO₄ 7H₂O on the elemental composition of bean and soil as well as on agronomic properties of the crop were examined in a pot experiment. The application of dolomite increased soil ammonium lactate–extractable magnesium content threefold and that of calcium by 80%. Application of zinc increased ammonium lactate–extractable zinc content by 100%. The increase of 0.8 pH unit from 5.4 (Ø-Ø) to pH 6.2 (Ø-dolomite) was accompanied by a significantly lower zinc, manganese, and potassium content of the plant material. Magnesium and potassium antagonistic effects manifest in plant composition and soil–plant relationships but not in soil. Magnesium and phosphorus show contradictory relationships: negative in soil and plant but positive in soil–plant relationship. The dry mass of bean shows the order of ZnSO₄-dolomite > ZnSO₄-Ø > Ø-dolomite > Ø-Ø.     

落叶果树叶片营养模糊诊断法研究

研究提出了落叶果树“低量、适量、过量”叶片不同营养状态的隶属函数，定义出散温化语气算子和判定化语气算子，以最大隶属度原则为依据，建立了落叶果树营养诊断的模糊模型和用于，苹果，梨诊断的有关参数，计算分析表明，在用于桃，葡萄等树种时，对有关参数进行修正，此模糊诊断模型适用于落叶果树的营养诊断。     

A STRUCTURAL NON-LINEAR DYNAMIC STABILITY AND A MATRIX FUNCTION METNOD

This paper presents a mathematical and mechanic model for non-linear dynamicstability analysis of structures on the basis of Liapunov's stability criteria. Due to the complexityand difficulty in numerical calculation,a matrix function to this type of stability problems is selectedand the programing formulations are derived.Applying the method to beam or frame structures un-der the axial period loadings,the geometric non-linear dynamic stability results are obtained.Fromthe results,the basic characteristics of this type of probtems,especially the non-linear effect areshown.The model and matrix function method are valtiable both in theory and in practice for struc-tural non-linear dynamic stability.     

Matrix Basic Theorem and Its Application of Tvs

The matrlx basic theorem in normed linear spaces is extended to topological vec-tor spaces,by using it we also proved some important results of funcational analysis.     

Metapositive Definite Problem in Both Kronecker Product and Hadamard Product of Metafositive Definit Matrices

In this paper,a lass of particular metapositive difinite matrices has beendissussed,and two different sufficet conditions under which Hadamard self-multiplications andKronecker self-multiplications of a metapositive difinite matrix are also metapositive difinitematrices have been given.     

关于饱和D—最优设计的再商榷

以试验误差理论为基础,通过误差类型和自由度的划分,论证回归设计的实质是通过增大信息矩阵A的行列式来减少模型误差,提高回归方程的拟合性,而与试验随机误差无关; 至于能否对回归方程进行拟合性检验,则取决于是否有剩余自由度。饱和D—最优设计A的行列式最大,在给定回归模式和设置重复的条件下所需的试验处理数也最少,因而是最优设计。本文还结合肥料田间试验特点,对现代回归设计的农业应用进行了讨论。     

玉米杂交种苗期耐低氮指标的筛选与综合评价

为探明耐低氮玉米杂交种的苗期筛选鉴定方法,筛选出耐低氮能力强、可推广应用到生产上的玉米杂交种,本研究采用蛭石和珍珠岩盆栽、Hoagland营养液培养方式,以西南地区生产中应用的51个玉米杂交种为材料,对供试品种进行了2年的低氮胁迫苗期筛选试验。结果表明:低氮胁迫对各玉米品种苗期主要形态、生理指标均有显著影响,但影响的程度在指标间和品种间均有较大差异。根据相对值变异系数大小,筛选出叶面积、氮积累量、根冠比、地上部干重、根体积、根干重和单株干重7个指标作为耐低氮能力的评价指标。以7个指标归一化的变异系数为权重进行耐低氮能力模糊隶属函数综合评价,并与用全部指标(第1年为13个指标,第2年为25个指标)模糊隶属函数评价和主成分分析法评价的结果进行比较,7个指标评价结果与全部指标综合评价结果基本一致,得出的耐低氮能力强和弱的前10个品种的重合率分别达90%和80%,说明筛选指标的代表性和评价方法的可行性。本研究表明上述7个指标可以作为玉米苗期耐低氮能力评价指标,并筛选出‘正红311’、‘成单30’、‘黔北2号’等适宜于中国西南丘陵山区种植的耐低氮品种。     

基于地理信息系统的土地利用变化制图方法研究

论述了土地利用变化图绘制的一般过程。图例的设计和不同时期土地利用现状图的代数叠加运算是整个编制过程的关键。做图过程中应本着简单实用、形象达意和美观大方的原则进行。分别选取黄河小浪底水利枢纽库周1993和2000年TM遥感影像进行土地利用变化分析,编制出了建库前后的土地利用变化图,计算出了土地覆被变化的转移矩阵并对土地利用变化的结果进行分析。     

Bats in a fragmented landscape: Species composition, diversity and habitat interactions in savannas of Santarém, Central Amazonia, Brazil

Species response to forest fragmentation may strongly vary according to ecological requirements, shape, spatial configuration and connectivity of fragments, and the structure of the surrounding matrix. Bats are natural candidates for studies on forest fragmentation. However, the conclusions of such studies are often contradictory. We present the results of a study on the effects of forest fragmentation on bat communities in Alter do Chão, Santarém area, in Central Amazonia, Brazil, an area composed by forests and fragments surrounded by savanna-like vegetation. We compared the species composition between habitats, tested the effect of size, shape and density of trees of forested areas on the presence species and their relative frequency of captures, and investigated the savannas as an ecological barrier for the dispersion of bats. With an effort of 5678 mistnet-hours, we captured 3740 bats (64 species). Multidimensional Scaling indicated no strong separation between the habitats sampled, however, savanna sites were grouped distinctly of fragments and forest sites. Multiple linear regressions indicated no significant correlation between the number of bat species recorded and the size, shape or tree density in forest sites and fragments. There was a significant correlation between the number of captures and the variables tested, explained by the shape of the sites, but not by size or tree density. In general, sites with bigger shape indices had fewer captures. Ten of the 20 most captured species showed no significant difference between the three habitats. The bat communities in Alter do Chão were not strongly affected by forest fragmentation, and the savannas did not appear to act as an ecological barrier to bats.     

农村基础设施投资效益评价的关键指标遴选

农村基础设施对中国的农业增长、农村经济发展及脱贫意义重大。但中国目前尚没有完善相关设施的评价体系,尤其此类评价体系中的评价指标更是缺少。该研究旨在建立一套客观评价农村基础设施投资效益的关键指标体系（CAIs）。针对农村基础设施投资效益评价指标,通过对政府、高校和研究机构、咨询企业专家展开两轮问卷调查,进而采用蒙特卡罗模拟（MCS）分析问卷调查反馈的数据,并根据模拟结果运用模糊集合理论选取关键评价指标,总共选取了8个关键指标。研究表明,MCS可以有效克服数据源不足的缺陷,而模糊集合理论可以应对问卷调查中专家意见的模糊性。遴选出的8个关键指标与已有的零星研究相印证,为政府在农村基础设施投资提供依据。