气缸套变形与活塞环摩擦功关系的研究

为了降低发动机摩擦损失,提高机械效率,重点研究缸套变形对活塞环与气缸套摩擦副的影响。首先,对两种不同状态的缸套进行有限元分析,找出缸套变形规律;然后,根据这些规律计算出活塞环与缸套润滑表面的油膜压力和油膜厚度;最后,将计算结果与试验结果进行对比,验证了该方法的正确性。研究结果表明,缸套变形的椭圆度直接影响摩擦功和机油消耗率的大小。     

碟簧支撑圆形瓦推力滑动轴承在临洪东泵站的应用

针对江苏省连云港临洪东泵站采用的新型碟簧支撑圆形瓦推力滑动轴承,论述了其新颖的结构形式、安装使用特点。根据机组零部件加工精度、运输对部件精度的影响、现场安装条件等各种因素,提出了三套蝶簧支撑圆形瓦推力滑动轴承机组的安装方案,通过比较分析,明确了精调定子水平、综合处理下导摆度安装的施工工艺。临洪东站12台机组的安装表明新的安装工艺减少了机组安装工作量,缩短了工作时间,提高了机组安装质量,达到了安装规范的要求。     

Evaluation of T2‐weighted versus short‐tau inversion recovery sagittal sequences in the identification and localization of canine intervertebral disc extrusion with low‐field magnetic resonance imaging

Sagittal T2‐weighted sequences (T2‐SAG) are the foundation of spinal protocols when screening for the presence of intervertebral disc extrusion. We often utilize sagittal short‐tau inversion recovery sequences (STIR‐SAG) as an adjunctive screening series, and experience suggests that this combined approach provides superior detection rates. We hypothesized that STIR‐SAG would provide higher sensitivity than T2‐SAG in the identification and localization of intervertebral disc extrusion. We further hypothesized that the parallel evaluation of paired T2‐SAG and STIR‐SAG series would provide a higher sensitivity than could be achieved with either independent sagittal series when viewed in isolation. This retrospective diagnostic accuracy study blindly reviewed T2‐SAG and STIR‐SAG sequences from dogs (n = 110) with surgically confirmed intervertebral disc extrusion. A consensus between two radiologists found no significant difference in sensitivity between T2‐SAG and STIR‐SAG during the identification of intervertebral disc extrusion (T2‐SAG: 92.7%, STIR‐SAG: 94.5%, P = 0.752). Nevertheless, STIR‐SAG accurately identified intervertebral disc extrusion in 66.7% of cases where the evaluation of T2‐SAG in isolation had provided a false negative diagnosis. Additionally, one radiologist found that the parallel evaluation of paired T2‐SAG and STIR‐SAG series provided a significantly higher sensitivity than T2‐SAG in isolation, during the identification of intervertebral disc extrusion (T2‐SAG: 78.2%, paired T2‐SAG, and STIR‐SAG: 90.9%, P = 0.017). A similar nonsignificant trend was observed when the consensus of both radiologists was taken into consideration (T2‐SAG: 92.7%, paired T2‐SAG, and STIR‐SAG = 97.3%, P = 0.392). We therefore conclude that STIR‐SAG is capable of identifying intervertebral disc extrusion that is inconspicuous in T2‐SAG, and that STIR‐SAG should be considered a useful adjunctive sequence during preliminary sagittal screening for intervertebral disc extrusion in low‐field magnetic resonance.     

犬腰椎间盘切除术入路探索

为了探索治疗犬腰椎间盘突出症的合理手术入路,选择2月龄～1岁龄临床健康的本地杂交犬5只,分别编为1号～5号犬,其中1号、2号、3号犬施行半侧椎板切除术,4号、5号犬施行全椎板切除术,手术2周后进行X线摄片并剖检其腰椎结构变化。结果显示,术后1号～3号犬精神状态良好,饮食欲及体温正常,术部切口正常愈合,椎间盘部分或全部髓核被顺利取出;4号、5号犬手术中大出血,经治疗4号犬痊愈,而5号犬因衰弱而死亡。结果表明,腰椎间盘切除术要求严格的无菌操作和有效控制的麻醉,术犬侧卧位保定行半侧椎板切除是良好的手术入路,能够充分显露椎间盘、打开纤维环通道和切除髓核,有利于提高手术的安全性和保持腰椎的完整性与稳定性。     

电针配合药物治疗犬椎间盘突出

近年来,犬椎间盘突出症在宠物临床上越发的常见。由于本病的发病原因较为复杂、发病过程多为慢性,在诊断时难于判断,同时在治疗时以手术疗法为主治愈率较低。临床实践表明应用电针配合药物对该病进行治疗,治愈率大大提高。作者对犬椎间盘突出的病因与诊断进行了阐述,并说明了电针复合药物对该病的治疗机理,为该病的诊断提供系统的理论指导,为电针配合药物治疗方案的推广打下坚实的基础。     

Assessing the Role of Competing Anions Silicate and Bicarbonate on Diffusion of P vis-à-vis Its Bioavailability in Different Soils Measured by Resin Disc Technique

The bioavailability of phosphorus (P) depends on its diffusion process. An attempt has been made to study the effects of bicarbonate and silicate on phosphate diffusion through the analysis of its bioavailability. Resin discs were used to determine P diffusion rate (PDR), which was observed to increase in the presence of competing anions in the following sequence: silicate > bicarbonate > control. Phosphorus diffusion rate also increased with added P levels, temperature, and moisture. Added P level in soil is the most important factor, which contributed about 56% of the variation in PDR. The presence of competing anions such as bicarbonate and silicate accounted for 12.5% of the variations of PDR in soil system. Embedded resin discs in fields treated with different treatments showed significant variation of PDR in the following sequence of treatments: mixture of biogas slurry and paddy straw > sodium silicate > only paddy straw > biogas slurry > control.     

免耕播种机开沟圆盘水射流淬火工艺数值模拟及验证

针对免耕播种机开沟圆盘整体淬火后硬度不足且易翘曲变形的问题,该文提出一种水冲击射流淬火方法,利用DEFORM软件对开沟圆盘淬火过程中的硬度和翘曲变形量进行数值模拟,分析了射流阵列参数(喷嘴间距、喷嘴直径和射流速度)对淬火结果的影响,并对工艺参数的优选数值进行了试验验证,二者显示了较好的一致性。结果表明:喷嘴间距是关键工艺参数,当喷嘴间距取4~5 mm时,开沟圆盘可以整体淬透,硬度达到45~49 HRC。开沟圆盘的变形量与喷嘴间距呈抛物线关系,当喷嘴间距取5~6 mm时,变形量达到最大值1.80×10-2~3.30×10-2 mm,淬透后变形量较小。随射流速度的增大,开沟圆盘硬度及变形量均增加,当射流速度为1~6 m/s时,增幅较大,当射流速度6 m/s时,增幅趋缓。在喷嘴直径为4~12 mm范围内,开沟圆盘硬度及变形量均随喷嘴直径加大而增加。优化后的工艺参数为:喷嘴间距为4~5 mm,喷嘴直径为6~8 mm,射流速度为3~6 m/s;此时,开沟圆盘硬度可达45~49 HRC,变形量为1.28×10-2~2.49×10-2 mm。     

农用抛秧盘成型模具的改进设计

农用抛秧盘成型模是秧盘成型机的重要部件,冷却方式的合理选择、冷却系统结构的合理设计,不仅可以大大简化加工工艺,降低制造成本,而且可以极大地保证和提高秧盘质量和产量,延长模具本身的使用寿命,降低维修成本,使秧盘成型机的整机性能大大改善.通过对农用抛秧盘成型模原理和结构,以及各组成部分功能作用的分析,可以确定农用抛秧盘成型...     

组合式左翻驱动圆盘犁的入土及平衡性能计算分析

为了提高驱动圆盘犁的旱耕入土能力,改善平衡性能,该文提出了一种无需尾轮装置、由驱动圆盘犁和铧式犁组合而成的组合式左翻驱动圆盘犁,比普通驱动圆盘犁的结构有了显著的简化,减轻了犁的整机重量,降低了原材料及加工成本.通过对入土力矩及侧向力平衡装置在沟墙上的支撑面积的计算,结果表明了组合式驱动圆盘犁比通驱动圆盘犁入土力矩增大了...     

润滑油分离机内部流场数值模拟与分离效率分析

用数值方法研究碟式分离机内部流场是优化其设计的重要手段。针对润滑油碟式分离机,采用VOF多相流模型并结合RNG k-ε湍流模型和离散相模型对其内部油水固分离过程和分离效率进行了数值模拟。模拟结果表明,碟片间隙中流场基本为层流,在中性孔和碟片外缘为湍流区;入口速度对油水分离结果影响不大,而对固体颗粒的分离会产生较大的影响;固体颗粒计算分离效率和实测分离效率最大相对误差为1.5%,额定处理量为700 L/h时,入口速度为2.5 m/s,此时分离效率为97.2%,满足设计要求。研究结果表明,该文提出的三相流分析方法是可行的,对碟式分离机的结构优化设计具有重要的指导意义,同时也减少了所需的试验时间和费用。