犬腰椎间盘切除术入路探索

为了探索治疗犬腰椎间盘突出症的合理手术入路,选择2月龄～1岁龄临床健康的本地杂交犬5只,分别编为1号～5号犬,其中1号、2号、3号犬施行半侧椎板切除术,4号、5号犬施行全椎板切除术,手术2周后进行X线摄片并剖检其腰椎结构变化。结果显示,术后1号～3号犬精神状态良好,饮食欲及体温正常,术部切口正常愈合,椎间盘部分或全部髓核被顺利取出;4号、5号犬手术中大出血,经治疗4号犬痊愈,而5号犬因衰弱而死亡。结果表明,腰椎间盘切除术要求严格的无菌操作和有效控制的麻醉,术犬侧卧位保定行半侧椎板切除是良好的手术入路,能够充分显露椎间盘、打开纤维环通道和切除髓核,有利于提高手术的安全性和保持腰椎的完整性与稳定性。     

用于滴灌的碟式分离机的转鼓有限元优化设计

碟式分离机的转鼓是一个复杂的锥体,按照传统算法进行其强度计算,得到的结果往往具有很大的质量富余,从而影响到分离机的综合经济指标.为解决这一问题,在有限元应力分析的基础上,以转鼓的总质量为目标函数,以其部分结构参数为优化参数,建立了转鼓的优化设计数学模型.该模型为多维约束优化问题,选取了惩罚函数内点法进行求解,并给出了算法流程图.对实际转鼓的优化结果表明,在保证强度、刚度的前提下,可使分离机的转鼓质量减小24.2%,可提高机械效率,延长转鼓使用寿命.     

Veterinary Neurologic Rehabilitation: The Rationale for a Comprehensive Approach

The increase in client willingness to pursue surgical procedures, the heightened perceived value of veterinary patients, and the desire to provide comprehensive medical care have driven the recent demand of using an integrative treatment approach in veterinary rehabilitation. Physical therapy following neurologic injury has been the standard of care in human medicine for decades, whereas similar rehabilitation techniques have only recently been adapted and utilized in veterinary medicine. Spinal cord injury is the most common neurologic disease currently addressed by veterinary rehabilitation specialists and will be the primary focus of this review; however, research in other neurologic conditions will also be discussed. Of particular interest, to clients and veterinarians are techniques and modalities used to promote functional recovery after neurologic injury, which can mean the difference between life and death for many veterinary patients.The trend in human neurologic rehabilitation, often regardless of etiology, is a multimodal approach to therapy. Evidence supports faster and improved recoveries in people after neurologic injury using a combination of rehabilitation techniques. Although the primary neurological disorders researched tend to be spinal cord injury, peripheral neuropathies, allodynia, multiple sclerosis, and strokes—many correlations can be made to common veterinary neurological disorders. Such comprehensive protocols entail gait training activities in combination with neuromuscular electrical stimulation and directed exercises. Additionally, pain-relieving and functional benefits are bolstered when acupuncture is used in addition to rehabilitation. Studies, both laboratory and clinical, support the use of acupuncture in the management of neurologic conditions in small animals, specifically in cases of intervertebral disc disease, other myelopathies, and neuropathic pain conditions. Acupuncture’s ability to promote analgesia, stimulate trophic factors, and decrease inflammation, including neuroinflammation, make it an alluring adjunct therapy after neurologic injury.Although there is limited research in veterinary medicine on physical techniques that expedite recovery after neurologic injury, there are sparse publications on clinical veterinary research suggesting the benefits of acupuncture, rehabilitation, and LASER in dogs with intervertebral disk disease. Accordingly, due to the relative lack of evidence-based studies in veterinary neurologic rehabilitation, much of the data available is human or laboratory-animal based, however, evidence supports the utilization of an early, comprehensive treatment protocol for optimal neurologic recovery. The rationale for why an integrative approach is critical will be detailed in this review; in addition, literature on specific physical rehabilitation techniques that have evidence of improved recoveries after neurologic injury, will be addressed.     

圆盘破茬刀切割玉米根茬运动特性测绘装置设计与试验

免耕播种机是保护性耕作的关键机具之一,其播种质量的好坏在很大程度上影响着保护性耕作的效果。为了优化免耕播种机的关键部件破茬刀,研制了一种圆盘破茬刀切割玉米根茬运动特性测绘装置,该装置能够实现实时地测绘出圆盘破茬刀待测点的运动轨迹。通过对三种圆盘破茬刀的运动轨迹的测绘与试验,得出光面圆盘破茬刀上待测点的运动轨迹为光滑的摆线,半圆型缺口盘和阿基米德螺线盘上待测点的运动轨迹为由不同长度的圆弧组成的云曲线。在此基础上对三种圆盘破茬刀冲击情况、入土滑切角和滑切速度变化进行了分析比较,建立了阿基米德螺线型圆盘破茬刀切割根茬运动的运动学模型。描绘出阿基米德螺线型圆盘破茬刀刃口上点的运动轨迹是由不同长度的圆弧组成的云曲线,建立了阿基米德螺线型圆盘破茬刀刃口上点的运动方程。发现阿基米德螺线型圆盘破茬刀刃口上点的轨迹具备了光面圆盘破茬刀的摆线规律,也具备了半圆型缺口圆盘破茬刀的冲击性,并且滑切角较大,滑切性能更好。通过圆盘破茬刀切割玉米根茬运动特性测绘装置的两因素三水平正交试验分析,得出阿基米德螺线型圆盘破茬刀、机具配重为100 kg时破茬效果达90%以上,破茬率较高。     

Effect of astragalus polysaccharides on expression of MMP2 and MMP9 in annulus fibrosus of cervical intervertebral discs from cervical spondylosis model rats

AIM: To investigate the effect of astragalus polysaccharides (AP) on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and MMP9 in the annulus fibrosus of cervical intervertebral discs from cervical spondylosis model rats. METHODS: The model rats were randomly divided into model group (M group), and low-dose and high-dose AP treatment groups (L-AP and H-AP groups). The rats in sham operation group were used as negative control group (NC group). In addition, all the annulus fibrosus tissues were used for primary cell culture. Histological analysis was performed using HE staining and Safranin O staining. The expression of MMP2, MMP9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP2) and collagen Ⅳ at mRNA and protein levels was analyzed by immunohistochemistry, Western blot and RT-qPCR. Cell-collagen adhesion assay was used to detect annulus fibrosus cell-collagen adhesion. RESULTS: The intervertebral discs of M group were degenerated, while astragalus polysaccharide improved the degenerative disc disease in the rats with cervical spondylosis. Compared with NC group, the expression of MMP2 and MMP9 in the annulus fibrosus tissues of M group increased significantly, while the expression of TIMP2 and collagen Ⅳ was decreased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with M group, the expression of MMP2 and MMP9 in L-AP group and H-AP group was significantly decreased, while the expression of TIMP2 and collagen Ⅳ was significantly increased (P<0.05). The cell-collagen adhesion in M group was significantly lower than that in NC group (P<0.05). Compared with M group, the cell-collagen adhesion in L-AP group and H-AP group was increased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with NC group, the expression of MMP2 and MMP9 in annulus fibrosus cells of M group was increased significantly, while the expression of TIMP2 and collagen Ⅳ was decreased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with M group, the expression levels of MMP2 and MMP9 in L-AP group and H-AP group of fibrocytes were significantly decreased, while the expression of TIMP2 and collagen Ⅳ was significantly increased (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Astragalus polysaccharides inhibit the expression of MMP2 and MMP9 in the annulus fibrosus of cervical intervertebral discs from cervical spondylosis model rats and regulate the dynamic balance of MMPs and TIMPs in the extracellular matrix, thus inhibiting the degradation of collagen in the intervertebral disc matrix and having the potential research value for the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration.     

EoNPV对茶尺蠖两近缘种的毒力差异

茶尺蠖核型多角体病毒(Ectropis obliqua nucleopolyhedrosis virus,EoNPV)是一种重要的病原微生物,为进一步明确该病毒对茶尺蠖两近缘种的毒力差异,采用叶盘法对3龄茶尺蠖和灰茶尺蠖幼虫进行了EoNPV的毒力测定。研究显示,EoNPV对灰茶尺蠖的半致死剂量LD₅₀(median lethal dose)为茶尺蠖的28.9倍,EoNPV对灰茶尺蠖的致死中时间LT₅₀(median lethal time)大于茶尺蠖。结果表明,EoNPV对茶尺蠖两近缘种间的毒力存在差异,EoNPV对茶尺蠖具有更高的致病力,研究结果对EoNPV田间防治茶尺蠖两近缘种具有现实指导意义。     

电针配合药物治疗犬椎间盘突出

近年来,犬椎间盘突出症在宠物临床上越发的常见。由于本病的发病原因较为复杂、发病过程多为慢性,在诊断时难于判断,同时在治疗时以手术疗法为主治愈率较低。临床实践表明应用电针配合药物对该病进行治疗,治愈率大大提高。作者对犬椎间盘突出的病因与诊断进行了阐述,并说明了电针复合药物对该病的治疗机理,为该病的诊断提供系统的理论指导,为电针配合药物治疗方案的推广打下坚实的基础。     

喷嘴结构对网衣清洗装备水下空化特性的影响

针对我国深远海大型网箱养殖网衣清洗装备缺乏的难题,基于高压射流空化原理,研制了一种双体深水网箱网衣清洗装备。采用数学建模及物理试验方法,建立了清洗装备关键部件的水动力特性分析方程,开展清洗装备水下清洗试验,探究了不同工况下的喷嘴孔径、喷嘴与转盘夹角 (喷嘴轴线与分流转盘盘面所呈角度)、靶距对清洗装备污损生物清洁率的影响。结果表明：网衣挂板污损生物去除率受靶距、喷嘴孔径、喷嘴和转盘夹角等多因素影响,试验参数范围内网衣清洗装备污损生物去除率为30.26%~72.55%;试验范围内喷嘴孔径为1.0 mm,喷嘴与转盘夹角为60°,靶距为0 cm时网衣挂板污损生物去除率最大,靶距对网衣挂板污损生物去除率的影响最为显著。贝类污损生物在清洗装备空化射流冲击作用下主要以壳体破碎形式脱落,网面主要残留物为具有较强吸附力的软质足丝盘。研究结果进一步优化了水下清洗装备系统的参数配置,为网衣清洗装备的设计提供了理论支撑。

     

非线性复微分方程的解与Hω∞空间

利用直接的积分估计,研究非线性复微分方程(f~(k))~(n_k)+A_(k-1)(z)(f~(k-1))~(n_(k-1))+…+A_1(z)(f′)~(n_1)+A_0(z)f=Ak(z)解的函数空间属性,刻画了方程的解析解,以及它们的导数属于H∞ω空间时系数需要满足的条件.改善及推广了已有的相关结果.     

不同土地利用方式下盘式吸渗仪测定土壤导水率方法比较

为了对比分析土地利用方式计算导水率方法适用性,利用盘式吸渗仪在林地、农地、苜蓿地进行了不同盘径和负压下土壤吸渗试验,并利用不同公式计算了土壤导水率。结果表明,有机质含量和容重较大的林地以及人为因素影响较大的农地,采用稳态流方法计算导水率比较合适,而对于土质较为均一的苜蓿地来说,采用瞬态流计算会省时省力,并得到较好的结果。因此,不同的土地利用方式应该采用不同的计算方法。