兰州市农业综合生产能力影响因素分析

运用相关分析和因子分析法,对兰州市1982-2004年农业综合生产能力(农业总产值)及其影响因素如耕地面积、化肥施用量、灌溉条件、农民收入、农村劳动力、农机总动力、农村用电量等进行了定量分析,得出近20多年来各因素对兰州市农业综合生产力发展的不同影响和作用,对促进兰州市农业生产力的进一步提高具有重要意义。     

生产力发展与农村居民消费观念的变迁

介绍了我国农村地区生产力水平的发展现状,2004年中央惠农政策实施以来,农村地区生产力水平得到了迅速提升,主要表现在：农村劳动力文化素质的大幅度提升;农业生产机械的保有量不断增加;生产管理和决策水平不断提高。分析了生产力发展对农村居民消费观念变迁的推动作用：夯实了农村居民消费观念改变的物质基础;改善了农村居民的消费结构;提高了农村居民消费的社会化程度。提出了培育农村地区新的消费热点的对策建议：引导农村居民树立起现代消费理念;加大政策扶植力度;引导农村居民树立健康消费理念。     

拖网渔船船-机-桨-网匹配研究

在拖网渔船的设计中,需要重点考虑螺旋桨与船-机的匹配、渔具与船-机-桨的匹配,实现推进系统的高效能发挥。本文引入时间概率的最佳螺旋桨参数优化确定方法,考虑拖网渔船设计的限制条件,通过优化分析,达到运营工况综合效能最佳,实现螺旋桨与船-机的合理匹配。从拖网渔船数据库中选取30艘运营状况优良的渔船进行有效拖力计算,建立拖网渔船有效拖力与主机功率和拖速的多元非线性回归方程,依据此方程得出的有效拖力结果选择网具和网板,实现有效拖力与渔具的合理匹配,最终实现渔具与船-机-桨的合理匹配。通过实船计算对比,验证了回归的有效拖力估算公式误差范围和适用性。研究表明:在拖网渔船设计初期,可以利用该公式估算有效拖力进行网具和网板的匹配,实现技术经济优化论证,最终实现船-机-桨-网的优化匹配。     

Dynamical analysis of net cage structures for marine aquaculture: Numerical simulation and model testing

A numerical model for analyzing dynamic properties of a net-cage system exposed in the open sea is proposed. The model is based on a lumped-mass method. In this model, the mooring lines are divided into linear elements and the net cage divided into several plane surface elements. The interconnected points or corners are called nodes or lumped-mass centers. The external force is calculated on each element and then equally distributed to its nodes. By adding the contributed forces from the neighboring elements, a system of motion equations for nodes is formed. The volume reduction coefficient of a net cage is estimated by the ratio of minimum volume of net cage during fluid and structure interaction to the original volume. In general, the numerical results are in good agreements with the experimental data. However, the results also show that if the Reynolds number is lower than the suggested range of 1400–1800, the numerical model may underestimate the environmental forces on a net-cage system.     

近10年来新疆耕地数量变化分析

新疆作为我国的农业大省以及21世纪重要的资源接替区,研究其耕地变化具有重要的现实意义。分析了1996以来新疆耕地数量的变化及其生态环境效应,借助SPSS软件,应用主成分分析方法分析了耕地变化的驱动力,揭示了新疆耕地变化的驱动机制,提出了新疆耕地可持续利用的措施建议。     

基于全轮纵向力优化分配的4WD车辆直接横摆力矩控制 4

为了充分利用四轮独立驱动(4WD)与直接横摆力矩控制(DYC)各自的优势,提出了基于全轮纵向力优化分配的4WD车辆DYC系统方案.利用改进的2DOF车辆模型制定DYC稳定性控制目标,设计基于最优动态滑模的"前馈+反馈"DYC控制器.建立全轮纵向力优化分配模式,结合HSRI轮胎模型设计了降低整车路面附着负荷的目标函数,并通过约束优化得出全轮纵向力分配值.研究表明,全轮纵向力优化分配可提高整车路面附着余量,进一步提升了DYC系统的控制性能.     

基于地理探测器的藏东南高山峡谷区土地利用变化及其驱动机制——以西藏林芝市为例

为探讨西藏高原高山峡谷区土地利用变化及其驱动机制,基于2010、2015及2020年共3期的Landsat卫星遥感数据,获得30 m网格土地利用变化空间信息,并结合社会经济统计资料,利用土地利用动态度、地理探测器等方法分析林芝市土地利用变化特征及其驱动力。结果表明：2010—2020年林芝市草地、林地、未利用地、水域等4类用地稍有减少,而耕地呈现波动增加的态势,建设用地显著增加至了原来的2.66倍。其中：土地利用类型变化集中分布在雅鲁藏布江、尼洋河、帕隆藏布河谷平地。建设用地动态度一直处于最高水平,呈现出逐年扩张的态势;耕地的变化动态度次之,表现出“先减少后增加”趋势。全市综合土地利用动态度为0.012%/a;县(区)域尺度上,巴宜区的综合土地利用动态度最高;乡(镇)域尺度上,工布江达县巴河镇综合土地利用动态度最高,其次是巴宜区更张门巴民族乡和巴宜区林芝镇。人口密度变化、粮食产量变化、固定资产投资变化、农牧民人均纯收入变化、城镇化率变化、地区生产总值变化和海拔等7个因子显著影响林芝市综合土地利用动态度,土地利用发生的变化是多个自然和社会经济因子同时作用的结果,各个因子相互作用后解释力全...     

Force plate analysis before and after dorsal decompression for treatment of degenerative lumbosacral stenosis in dogs

OBJECTIVE: Using force plate analysis (FPA), determine ground reaction forces in dogs with degenerative lumbosacral stenosis (DLS) and evaluate the effects of lumbosacral decompressive surgery. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective clinical study. ANIMALS: Twelve dogs with DLS. METHODS: DLS was diagnosed by clinical signs, radiography, computed tomography, and/or magnetic resonance imaging. FPA was performed before surgery, and 3 days, 6 weeks, and 6 months after surgery. The mean peak braking (Fy+), peak propulsive (Fy-), and peak vertical (Fz+) forces of 8 consecutive strides were determined. The ratio between the total Fy- of the pelvic limbs and the total Fy- of the thoracic limbs (P/TFy-), reflecting the distribution of Fy-, was analyzed to evaluate any changes in locomotion pattern postoperatively. Ground reaction force data for DLS dogs were compared with data derived from 24 healthy dogs (control). RESULTS: In dogs with DLS, the propulsive forces (Fy-) of the pelvic limbs were significantly smaller than those of controls. P/TFy- was significantly smaller in dogs with DLS than in control dogs, and increased during the follow-up period, reaching normal values 6 months after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Cauda equina compression in dogs with DLS decreases the propulsive force of the pelvic limbs and surgical treatment restores the propulsive force of the pelvic limbs in a 6-month period. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In dogs with DLS, FPA is an effective method in evaluating the response to surgical treatment. Normal propulsive force in the pelvic limbs was restored during 6 months after decompressive surgery.     

北京怀柔水库流域土地利用变化及其驱动力研究

使用1990~2005年3期遥感影像数据作为信息源,通过GIS手段,分析怀柔水库流域近15年土地利用变化特征,利用主成分分析法,综合社会经济统计数据,定量分析怀柔水库流域土地利用变化的驱动力。分析表明:流域内阔叶林、针叶林、混交林的面积所占比例呈上升趋势,灌木林面积下降趋势明显,农田面积总体变化不大;土地利用变化和经济发展程度密切相关,与人口因素关联度不高。