芥兰老化种子活力指标相关性分析

研究了芥兰种子经人工老化后各活力指标的相关性.结果表明,芥兰种子经人工老化后,各活力指标均有显著变化;种子发芽率,活力指数,POD活性与田间出苗率呈显著正相关,而种子浸出液的电导率则与田间出苗率呈显著负相关.经人工老化的芥兰种子发芽率与田间出苗率的相关程度最高,老化法发芽率可直接预测芥兰种子田间出苗率.     

不同水分条件下常规尿素和控释尿素对玉米根冠生长及产量的影响

为了进一步探讨控释尿素在玉米上的应用效果, 于2006—2007年在防雨棚中, 应用郑单958进行了池栽试验。在不同水分条件下, 比较了施用常规尿素和控释尿素后, 玉米各生育阶段的根系活力、植株生长及籽粒产量。与常规尿素(全部基施和基施+小喇叭口期追施)相比, 地上部干重、叶面积指数开花前较低, 开花后较高;成熟期籽粒产量显著高于不施氮对照和两个常规尿素处理, 生物产量显著高于不施氮对照和常规尿素全部基施处理。从籽粒产量看, 维持土壤田间最大持水量的50%时, 控释尿素处理分别比常规尿素全部基施处理和分次施处理高27.3%和12.1%;维持土壤田间最大持水量的75%时, 分别比常规尿素全部基施处理和分次施处理高17.4%和8.1%。相同氮肥处理, 土壤田间最大持水量维持75%处理比维持50%处理籽粒产量和生物产量平均分别高20.6%和17.0%, 差异均达极显著水平。与常规尿素处理相比, 控释尿素处理花前根系数量、活性和根冠比均较低, 但花后三者能维持较高水平。可见, 控释尿素对玉米生长具有明显的“前控后保”效果;控释尿素与水分对玉米产量的耦合效应高于常规尿素, 其原因是生育后期能维持较高的根系数量及活性, 促进地上部干物质积累和转移。     

20%哒虱威乳油等15种农药防治柑桔木虱田间药效试验

控制柑桔木虱是柑桔黄龙病综合防治最重要的技术措施。柑桔木虱成虫的高效传病性、近距离扩散性、终生带毒性和快速传病性,决定了用来防治柑桔木虱成虫的农药要求速效性好、防效高（药后24h的防效＞95%）。由于受到试验地虫源和试验条件的限制,柑桔木虱的有效防治药剂筛选严重滞后。2006—2007年我们做了15种农药的田间药效试验,结果表明：哒虱威EC 200mg(a.i)/L、丁硫克百威EC 400mg(a.i)/L对柑桔木虱成虫药后24h的防效＞95％;防效在94.9%~90％的有异丙威200mg(a.i)/L、133mg(a.i)/L、丁硫克百威EC 250mg(a.i)/L;噻嗪酮250mg(a.i)/L的防效只有30.8%;防效低于30％的药剂有灭多威200mg(a.i)/L、鱼藤酮150mg(a.i)/L、机油乳剂9500mg(a.i)/L、阿维菌素20mg(a.i)/L和石硫合剂1波美度。机油乳剂与哒虱威混用无增效作用。     

水田秸秆还田机作业性能指标分析与建议

分析了目前与大、中拖配套的水田秸秆还田机作业性能指标及采标情况,并通过对2005～2007年集中进行的20个企业30个不同型号、结构还田机产品作业性能指标测试数据的分析,提出了水田秸秆还田机作业性能指标制定建议：耕深≥12cm、耕深稳定性≥85%、耕后地表平整度≤3cm、地表植被分布地表无明显的秸秆堆积现象,取消起浆溶度指标。     

多品种（系）试验中简化广义格子设计的探讨

根据多品种（系）田间试验的特点，在Ｐａｔｔｅｒｓｏｎ等广义格子设计基础上提出简化广义格子设计（简称ＳＧＬ设计）。ＳＧＬ设计基于格子设计的正交性原理，对于可用区组容量整除的任何供试品种数、２－４次重复，均可构成不完全区组设计。且构成方法简便，设计效率因子高，具有可解析性，连通性，ＳＧＬ设计的参数采用修饰极大似然法估计。     

美国转基因作物田间试验频次分析

本研究通过对美国转基因作物田间试验频次分析揭示转基因作物研发的概貌和规律.采用EXCEL数据透视表与数据透视图软件,对美国转基因作物田间试验数据库和世界经济合作组织转基因作物田间试验数据库近20年数据进行统计分析.结果表明,至2008年9月止,美国转基因作物田间试验累计达13782次,涉及158种作物,10大类性状和98家公司或研究机构.1987-2008年间,审批的田间试验次数先呈直线上升,其后稳定在每年1000次左右.试验物种以玉米、大豆、棉花为主,分别占45.8%、9.7%和6.4%.涉及的主要性状有抗除草剂、抗虫和品质性状.62.7%的转基因作物田间试验由孟山都和国际先锋等五家私人公司完成.分析认为,只有经济价值高、安全性好、技术成熟、消费者容易接受的转基因作物才拥有更广阔的发展前景.建议我国加强非粮食作物转基因技术的研究.     

A simple method to obtain endophytic microorganisms from field-collected roots

We describe a simple technique for obtaining endophytic microorganisms from field-collected roots. Roots of plant species were surfaced-sterilized, cut into pieces, and then each root piece was transferred to drops of Gel-Gro medium. The number of segments with bacteria and fungi was quantified and those with bacteria and dark septate endophytic (DSE) fungi were plated onto tryptic soy agar (TSA) and malt extract agar (MEA), respectively. When arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) grew from root segments, they were inoculated into Ri T-DNA-transformed carrot root cultures. Eight different species of bacteria and five dark septate endophytes were isolated. Thirty AMF isolates were identified and continuous pure cultures established. This easy and inexpensive approach allowed us to culture various endophytic microorganisms in an in vitro system saving time and space.     

Preferred nesting sites of bumblebee queens (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in agroecosystems in the UK

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.) have undergone a documented Europe-wide decline in recent years, mostly attributable to destruction of forage and nest sites caused by agricultural intensification. This study was set up to quantify species-specific nest-site preferences of observed UK species for various types of field and forest boundary habitat. In total, 1287 observations were made of seven common bumblebee species; nest-searching behaviour was taken as being indicative of nest site preference. There was interspecific variation in preferred habitat, with some species found to be much more specific in their choice of nest site than others. A strong association was found between those species that are known to prefer subterraneous nesting and those habitats that contained banks (Bombus terrestris, B. lapidarius and B. lucorum); other species were strongly associated with tussock-type vegetation (B. pascuorum, B. hortorum and B. ruderarius). In order to safeguard the continued existence of bumblebee species it is clear that a variety of field and forest boundary types need to be conserved; this has positive implications for the conservation of other species of flora and fauna associated with agroecosystems.     

Patterns in the aggregate stability of Mancos Shale derived soils

Salt and sediment contributions to the Colorado River and its tributaries pose economic and environmental concerns for the United States and Mexico. Land use decisions promoting the aggregation of Mancos Shale derived soils are one way to reduce the transportation of salts and sediments to water resources. We used a simple field test of soil aggregate stability to determine the site characteristics influencing the soil stability of sedimentary marine shale in the Gunnison Gorge National Conservation Area in Southwestern Colorado. Ninety-six 1 m² plots were intensively sampled to explore relationships between soil stability and the biological, chemical and physical site characteristics.