保定市常见城市绿化树种对PM2.5滞纳能力的研究

为了探究绿化树种对改善城市污染的影响,选取保定市11种常见城市绿化树种,对其滞纳PM2.5能力进行了探讨。利用冠层分析仪(LAI-2000)、叶面积扫描仪和气溶胶再发生器(QRJZFSQ—I)测定各树种的叶面积指数、单位叶面积PM2.5滞纳量,并计算单位绿地面积PM2.5滞纳量,结果表明:叶面积指数、单位叶面积PM2.5滞纳量、单位绿地面积PM2.5滞纳量3个指标,都是针叶树大于阔叶树,说明针叶树对PM2.5的滞纳能力高于阔叶树;针叶树、阔叶树叶面积指数范围分别为2.172 1~3.026 3、0.873 8~2.120 5,单位叶面积PM2.5滞纳量范围分别为0.53~1.39mg/m~2、0.11~0.34mg/m~2,单位绿地面积PM2.5滞纳量范围分别为1.151 2~4.206 6mg/m~2、0.108 8~0.622 8mg/m~2。     

湿地松新造幼林地水土流失规律研究

为了解高度集约化经营湿地松林对环境的影响,以湿地松新造幼林地为对象,设置径流场进行了连续６年系统定位观测研究。结果表明,观测期间降水量为６４３５３ｍｍ,林地径流量为１６１１２４１ｔ／ｈｍ２,泥沙流失量为２７８４４７７７ｋｇ／ｈｍ２,流失Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ等主要养分为１３１ｋｇ／ｈｍ２,径流系数为３１６％;在安徽丘岗地区营造湿地松林,实行大块状（８０ｃｍ×８０ｃｍ×５０ｃｍ）整地,并集约经营,不致引起严重的水土流失,造林当年土壤侵蚀模数为１９５５９ｔ／ｈｍ２,属于无明显侵蚀类型,该区可提倡高规格整地和实行集约经营;５～８月为集中降水期,应避免相关营林活动;水土流失量与降水量呈幂函数关系,随着林木生长和植被的恢复,径流量逐渐减少,泥沙流失量则显著减少。     

不同条件下粉拟青霉菌的生长研究

对不同碳源、不同氮源、不同pH条件下的粉拟青霉菌Z26菌落直径和产孢量的生长情况的观察，筛选出此菌的最佳营养条件，C源为麦芽糖，N源为蛋白胨，PH值7—9。     

保水剂在桉树栽植中的应用试验

用不同含量的保水剂(浓度分别为0.05%、0.1%、0.2%)进行桉树栽植试验,分别测定苗木成活率、基质含水率及苗木的生长量。结果表明:使用保水剂的苗木成活率明显高于对照实验,各处理对苗木成活率的影响高度显著,保水剂含量0.1%的处理能得到较高的成活率及生长量。由于保水剂发挥作用的前提是必须有水可保,试验后未再补水,因此基质含水率变化的差异不大。     

提高浑善达克沙地飞播治沙造林成效的初步研究

京津风沙源治理工程启动实施以来,飞播治沙造林种草作为治理浑善达克沙地的一项主要技术得到了大面积的推广应用,并已取得了明显成效。本文根据近年来浑善达克沙地飞播治沙造林情况,就飞播治沙造林中几个关键技术进行了初步研究,对提高浑善达克沙地的飞播成效、加快该地区沙地治理速度具有一定的意义。     

梯度恒温对松白粉蚧实验种群的影响

在人工气候箱内设7个温度处理松白粉蚧成虫,9个温度处理松白粉蚧卵。结果表明:温度对松白粉蚧越冬代成虫死亡率、产卵量、卵孵化率有显著影响。卵的发育起点温度约为13℃,有效积温为456.7日度,发育最适温度在25℃左右;在21~27℃时,卵的孵化率在90%以上,差异不显著,但在33~36℃,卵几乎不孵化,用线性日度模型、王氏模型与Logistic模型对卵的发育速率进行拟合,均有较好的相关性和拟合度。试验结果与野外试验得出的结论基本一致:高温是新侵入地区松白粉蚧夏季种群数量显著下降的原因之一。     

浙西生态保护区森林对径流量影响

通过对浙西生态保护区昌化溪流域长年降雨量、径流量、森林覆盖率和气温数据分析，评价该流域不同季节森林对河川径流量的影响，认为昌化溪流域森林对径流量的正效应，主要是由夏季森林反射太阳辅射引起的，决定径流量增减的主要因素是降雨量和气温。     

Effect of silvicultural treatments on growth,fertility and capsule traits in seedling seed orchards of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Eucalyptus camaldulensis</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">E. tereticornis</Emphasis>

The effects of nutritional treatments and the flowering promoter Paclobutrazol™ on tree growth and fertility were studied in unpedigreed seedling seed orchards (SSOs) of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and E. tereticornis at two locations in southern India. At Pudukkottai, a semi-arid site in Tamil Nadu State, five treatments were applied: (1) untreated control, (2) nitrogen (two doses of urea at 217 g N/tree), (3) nitrogen plus phosphorus (two doses of 312 g single superphosphate), potassium (two doses of 83 g muriate of potash) and trace elements (two doses of 10 g sodium borate and 25 g zinc sulphate), (4) pollarding trees at 4 m height with application of N, P, K and trace elements, (5) drenching with the flowering promoter Paclobutrazol (0.25 ml active ingredient per cm of stem girth) along with N, P, K and trace elements. At Panampalli, a higher-rainfall site in Kerala State, only treatments 1, 2 and 3 were applied. Four replicates of treatment plots sized 18 m × 18 m, with 22–32 trees per plot were set up in each orchard in randomized complete block designs. Untreated plots of E. camaldulensis and E. tereticornis at Pudukkottai displayed 12 and 21% fertile trees, respectively, in the first year of monitoring, while at Panampally the percentage of fertile trees in untreated E. camaldulensis plots was higher at 72%, and that of E. tereticornis similar at 23%. Both species attained greater stem diameter at breast height at age 9 years at the higher-rainfall location but there was no significant impact of fertilizer application on 9-year diameter at either site. Diameter was reduced by pollarding and Paclobutrazol application at Pudukkottai. Only Paclobutrazol produced a significant increase in fertility in both species for four successive years, increasing the percentage of fertile trees to 59 and 71%, respectively, for E. camaldulensis and E. tereticornis 1 year after application. The number of capsules produced per tree also increased significantly with Paclobutrazol application, although the difference was comparatively less by the fourth year. The number of capsules per umbel did not differ significantly between locations, whereas the germination rate varied between treatments although no consistent trends were observed.     

云南省生物质能商业模式发展研究——以昆明市为例

通过分析云南省生物质能源利用及相关企业情况,以昆明市为例,对生物质能源综合利用商业模式发展进行研究。结果表明:云南省生物质资源丰富,但利用率较低,生物质能源利用企业较多,但分布较为零散,未形成规模与产业链,且本土企业较少;发展生物质能源综合利用的商业模式,要利用公式确定资源可利用量,考虑该地区的实际情况,并选择适合的模式进行发展。在此基础上,提出因地制宜建设产业基地;做好秸秆资源的收集、转运、储存;对产业进行整体规划,形成产业链,加强相关部门的协调;加大资金与科技的投入,提高技术水平,探索生物质能源综合利用新途径等商业模式发展建议。     

3种肥料养分释放特性及对桉树生长响应研究

对3种不同养分比例的CF、NW、FH肥料进行养分释放研究,并在N、P、K养分总量相同的情况下,比较了3种肥对于不同试验林地内桉树生长的影响.结果表明:NW肥对P、K的缓释效果要好于CF和FH肥.NW肥对树高生长量的影响要大于其余两种肥.CF肥则有利于胸径和叶绿素的增长.