水稻几丁质酶的表达及其酶学基本性质

利用甲醇诱导重组Pichia pastoris在发酵罐中表达几丁质酶,在发酵过程中根据溶氧变化控制甲醇流加速度.结果显示,蛋白表达量随菌体密度的增加而增加,酶活最高达56 U/ml.该几丁质酶具有良好的耐热性和pH适应性,在pH 2.0和pH 5.0有2个最适反应pH;在pH 3.0稳定性最好;40 ℃为其最适反应温度;在60 ℃保温3 h仍保持81%的酶活性;该几丁质酶对病原菌生长有一定程度抑制作用.     

L-乳酸生产菌干酪乳杆菌6028液体发酵条件的研究

[目的]寻求干酪乳杆菌6028发酵产酸的最佳条件。[方法]以干酪乳杆菌6028为试验菌种,经斜面培养基、筛选培养基、种子培养基、发酵培养基培养后进行液体发酵,研究碳源、氮源、硫酸镁、磷酸氢二钾、乙酸钠、发酵温度和发酵时间对干酪乳杆菌6028 L-乳酸产量的影响。[结果]当培养基中葡萄糖、氮源、无水乙酸钠、MgSO4.7H2O含量分别为14%、3.75%、0.5%、0.02%,发酵温度为34℃、发酵时间为96 h时,L-乳酸产量最高。在此条件下,L-乳酸的产量达到97.03 g/L。[结论]干酪乳杆菌6028的最佳培养基组成为:葡萄糖、蛋白胨、牛肉膏、酵母膏、无水乙酸钠、MgSO4.7H2O、MnSO4.7H2O、碳酸钙分别为140、15、15、7.5、5、0.2、0.05、100 g/L、吐温-80 1 ml、pH值6.8。最佳发酵时间和温度分别为96 h、34℃。     

板栗酒的研制

以板栗为主要原料,经液化、糖化后接种酵母进行发酵,对液化液的糖化度及主发酵条件进行了试验优化.确定了最佳发酵工艺条件为温度25 ℃,时间6 h,总糖度20%,菌种液加量80%.     

日粮中加入EM发酵兔粪对生长育肥猪增重的影响

试验选用平均体重为(35±2.1)kg的生长育肥猪(长大二元杂后代)18头,分成三组。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组的日粮中分别加入15%、25%的发酵兔粪,进行81d的对比试验。试验结果表明,添加了发酵兔粪的试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组的采食量高于对照组;同时对照组比试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组的日增重分别高出1.84%和8.3%。通过经济效益分析发现,生长育肥猪体重每增重1kg,试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组分别比对照组的饲料成本降低了0.19元和0.25元。     

枯草芽孢杆菌防治植物真菌病害研究进展

介绍了枯草芽孢杆菌防治植物真菌病害的研究进展,阐述了枯草芽孢杆菌生防机制、育种及发酵培养研究概况。讨论了目前枯草芽孢杆菌在生防研究中存在的问题及发展前景。     

Microbial dynamics in an anaerobic soil slurry amended with glucose, and their dependence on geochemical processes

Under anoxic conditions, microbial activities interact closely with geochemical reactions and consequently affect soils, underlying aquifers, and the atmosphere. Recent studies have noted the relationships between microbial biodiversity and environmental conditions, but the dynamics of numerous coexisting microbial groups in connection with soil biogeochemical processes has never been investigated. In this work, we investigated the dynamics of anaerobic microbial populations using a new method combining PCR-SSCP and epifluorescent direct counts, and analysed these results in the light of biogeochemical changes. Batch incubations were performed over an 8-day period on a calcic cambisol (WRB) incubated anaerobically, either without amendment (treatment C) or after adding glucose (treatment +G). In treatment +G, the predominant microbial processes included (i) NO₃⁻ and NO₂⁻ reduction during the first 12 and 24 h of incubation respectively, (ii) fermentations during the first 6 days with non-symbiotic N₂ fixation between days 1 and 6, enabling bacterial growth during this period, and probably (iii) reduction of FeIII by H₂ oxidation throughout the incubation period. In treatment C, microbiological and geochemical measurements revealed no prominent microbial activities, and the PCR-SSCP method led to complex bacterial density profiles without prominent peaks. In treatment +G, 78 microbial groups were distinguished; these were divided into seven sets (A to G) according to their dynamics. Bacteria belonging to sets A, E and F grew during the period of intense fermentation and were probably able to fix N₂, as is the case with Clostridium butyricum (set A). Bacteria belonging to sets B, D, and G were probably able to reduce FeIII to FeII with concomitant oxidation of H₂ into H₃O⁺, but unable to fix N₂. Two microbial groups in these sets were closely related to Clostridium favosporum (set B) and the genus Bacillus (set B). Bacteria belonging to class C were probably only able to reduce N oxide(s). Lastly, we obtained two similar estimates of the gross increase in microbial biomass by taking into account either (i) the sum of gross increases for the 78 microbial groups, or (ii) the energy yield of catabolic reactions minus the energy requirement for N₂ fixation.     

新疆块根芍药内生菌XJU-PA-6产灵菌红素发酵条件的优化

[目的]通过对块根芍药内生菌XJU-PA-6产灵菌红素发酵条件的优化,提高其产灵菌红素的能力。[方法]通过单因素试验初步研究碳源、氮源、无机离子、氨基酸、植物添加油及接种量对灵菌红素合成的影响,确定提高灵菌红素产率的最优培养基配方和培养条件。[结果]通过优化试验,菌株XJU-PA-6产灵菌红素最佳发酵条件:40 g/L麦芽糖,20 g/L蛋白胨,0.01 mol/L Mg2+,0.001 mol/L Fe3+,1%脯氨酸,6%葵花油,28℃,180 r/min,振荡培养2 d。在此优化条件下,灵菌红素产量达到290.92 mg/L,比原来提高3.896倍。[结论]优化后的MEA培养基是一种适合内生菌XJU-PA-6生产灵菌红素的优良培养基。     

纳豆激酶的发酵和纯化方法

对纳豆激酶在菌种选育、发酵条件及分离纯化工艺方面的研究进展作了综述,介绍了提高纳豆激酶产量的多种固、液体发酵条件和菌种选育结果,并归纳了膨胀床吸附、金属螯合双水相亲和纳豆分配、反胶束萃取、磁性微球分离等分离技术在纳豆激酶分离纯化中的应用.     

香菇生料栽培技术研究

本文报道了利用棉籽壳、木屑、麸皮为主料，不经湿热灭菌而栽培香菇的方法。提出培养料经55℃以上7天发酵，翻堆两次，装袋接种培菌。最佳培菌气温恒定于12℃以下，无光低温。试验结果，生料与熟料产量接近。     

白灵侧耳栽培技术研究

白灵侧耳可以在棉籽壳、木屑、玉米芯等多种培养料上生长。以棉籽壳（50%-30%）与木屑（50%-70%）混合培养料菌丝生长最快，子实体产量最高，白灵侧耳培养料必须经过灭菌处理，充分发菌后的菌袋于4℃低温下保存1年仍可以出菇；若保存于常温下，则必须经过2个月以上的菌丝后熟期才能出菇，生物学效率（鲜品）可高达90%以上。