木糖结晶母液发酵特性的研究

[目的]探讨木糖结晶母液发酵特性,为开发利用木糖结晶母液提供依据。[方法]利用酿酒活性干酵母,研究发酵过程中葡萄糖、木糖、阿拉伯糖、半乳糖含量的变化以及木糖结晶母液糖组分和含量的变化。[结果]在发酵2 d以后,葡萄糖与半乳糖全部被转化,而木糖与阿拉伯糖浓度几乎不变。半乳糖的转化速度慢于葡萄糖。木糖结晶母液经12 d的发酵,葡萄糖完全转化,木糖没有明显变化,而阿拉伯糖色谱峰有所变化。发酵前,木糖结晶母液中含4种糖,木糖占56.6%;发酵后,含2种糖,木糖占81.2%。[结论]发酵后,木糖结晶母液中糖组成由4种变成2种,木糖纯度得到了很大提高。     

发酵促进型青贮添加剂的研究进展及其应用现状

青贮添加剂是提高青贮饲料品质的重要措施之一。近几十年来,人们对于添加剂在牧草青贮技术中的应用进行了大量的研究,而且取得了重要进展,并成为目前青贮技术发展的重点,其中发酵促进型添加剂是近年来研究的热点。本文对乳酸茵、纤维素酶、绿汁发酵液和糖类等发酵促进型牧草青贮添加剂的研究进行了综述,阐述了研究的现状,指出了存在的问题,并对未来的趋势进行了展望。     

杏鲍菇大果粒酸奶的研制

本文对杏鲍菇大果粒酸奶产品配方及发酵条件等进行了研究,通过配料的优化组合,确定产品配方和工艺参数。结果表明,添加8%蔗糖,0.25%PGA,0.1%果胶,1%羟丙基二淀粉磷酸酯,1%浓缩乳清蛋白,加入直投冷冻干燥粉末菌种200DCU/L,在42℃下发酵3.5~4h,冷却,然后添加10%处理好的杏鲍菇大果粒,可制得质地细腻、柔滑,菌香清新自然,风味独特,具有调节肠胃、美容等双重功效的营养保健酸奶。     

樟子松松塔保健啤酒的研究

[目的]研究添加樟子松松塔对啤酒品质的影响。[方法]采用现代啤酒酿造技术,在麦汁煮沸过程中添加松塔,探究松塔对啤酒发酵酵母菌、发酵度、风味、泡沫的影响及松塔的适宜用量。[结果]试验表明,添加松塔对啤酒酵母的繁殖、啤酒泡沫、风味及发酵度均有一定的影响,松塔加入量在1～2 g/L范围内对啤酒的发酵和风味影响不大,并且可增加啤酒保健功能,使啤酒在保持原有风味的基础上增添松塔特有的芳香。[结论]研究可丰富啤酒的花色品种,为樟子松松塔保健啤酒的开发与应用提供参考。     

纤维素酶以及应用行业的研究进展

纤维素酶是一种是能够分解纤维素产生葡萄糖的一类酶.由于它在饲料行业、酒精酿造、纺织和食品行业等领域具有巨大的市场潜力,受到国内外业内人士的普遍看好,将成为继糖化酶、淀粉酶以及蛋白酶之后的第四大工业酶种,而在国内很有可能成为第一大酶种.该研究综述了纤维素酶的分类、结构、理化性质、作用机理、产纤维素酶的微生物种类、纤维素酶的发酵工艺、纤维素高效分解菌的选育及纤维素酶基因克隆的研究进展,并对未来的研究趋势及应用进行了展望.     

不同菌剂处理对玉米芯发酵过程中纤维素降解及相关酶活性的影响

以玉米芯为发酵原料,EM酵素菌、有机物料腐熟剂、金宝贝菌剂3种市售菌剂为发酵菌剂,研究了3种菌剂处理对玉米芯发酵过程中纤维素降解及相关酶活性的影响。结果表明,不同发酵菌剂处理后,纤维素降解酶的活性均增强,玉米芯基质中的纤维素、半纤维素降解率高于对照,其中EM酵素菌处理效果最佳;3种菌剂处理使木质素过氧化物酶活性增强,可有效提高玉米芯基质中的木质素降解率,其中金宝贝菌剂处理效果最佳,与对照相比降解率提高21.1%~50.5%。     

Impact of ethanol,succinic acid,and the combination thereof at levels produced during sponge fermentation on hard wheat,soft wheat,and durum wheat farinograph rheology

The sponge and dough mixing process is one of the most common in the world, yet the mechanistic understanding of this process has yet to be sufficiently explored. In this study, aqueous solutions of ethanol, succinic acid, and their combination were prepared at concentrations intended to replicate fermentation times of 3, 4 and 6 h. These solutions were added to a farinograph mixer to make dough using hard wheat, soft wheat, and durum wheat flour. The results indicate that these yeast metabolites (ethanol, succinic acid) impact the mixing resistance, peak mixing value, and dough mixing stability in each of the flour types, likely primarily affected by the ratios of gliadin to glutenin and LMW glutenin in each flour type. Results suggest a stabilizing non-covalent interaction imparted by gliadin at peak mixing time, a stabilizing effect of HMW glutenin during break down, and synergistic effects of ethanol and succinic acid that leads to a faster rate of breakdown in later stages of mixing. It also suggests an increase in mixing resistance when acidulants are added to durum wheat dough. Taken together, this study adds new insights on the sponge and dough mixing process in a way that has not previously been conducted.     

不同季节高寒草甸牧草瘤胃发酵特性和体外消化率分析

本文旨在探讨不同生育时期高寒草甸牧草的牦牛瘤胃体外发酵参数及CH₄产量。通过测定返青期、青草期和枯草期3个生育时期牧草的营养品质、瘤胃发酵参数和CH₄产量。结果表明：青草期牧草总能（Gross energy，GE）、粗蛋白（Crude protein，CP）和粗脂肪（Ether extract，EE）等均显著高于返青期和枯草期（P<0.05）；青草期牧草在各发酵时间点的体外干物质消化率（Dry matter digestibility，DMD）、粗蛋白消化率（Crude protein digestibility，CPD）和有机物质消化率（Organic matter digestibility，OMD）均显著高于返青期和枯草期（P<0.05）；青草期牧草12，24和48 h瘤胃NH₃-N、乙酸、丙酸、异丁酸、丁酸和异戊酸含量显著高于返青期和枯黄期（P<0.05）；不同发酵时间牧草总产气量和CH₄产量变化规律为：返青期>青草期>枯草期。综上所述，青草期草地生物量最高，牧草营养品质和体外消化率最高，CH₄排放最低，瘤胃发酵模式最优。建议选择青草期牧草放牧。     

Effect of traditional Chinese medicine compounds on rumen fermentation,methanogenesis and microbial flora in vitro

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of traditional Chinese medicine compounds (TCMC) on rumen fermentation, methane emission and populations of ruminal microbes using an in vitro gas production technique. Cablin patchouli herb (CPH), Atractylodes rhizome (AR), Amur Cork-tree (AC) and Cypsum were mixed with the weight ratios of 1:1:1:0.5 and 1:1:1:1 to make up TCMC1 and TCMC2, respectively. Both TCMC were added at level of 25 g/kg of substrate dry matter. In vitro gas production was recorded and methane concentration was determined at 12 and 24 h of incubation. After 24 h, the incubation was terminated and the inoculants were measured for pH, ammonia nitrogen, volatile fatty acids (VFA). Total deoxyribonucleic acid of ruminal microbes was extracted from the inocula, and populations were determined by a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Populations of total rumen methanogens, protozoa, total fungi, Ruminococcus albus, Fibrobacter succinogenes and Ruminococcus flavefaciens were expressed as a proportion of total rumen bacterial 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid. Compared with the control, the 2 TCMC decreased (P ≤ 0.05) total VFA concentration, acetate molar proportion, acetate to propionate ratio, gas and methane productions at 12 and 24 h, hydrogen (H) produced and consumed, and methanogens and total fungi populations, while the 2 TCMC increased (P ≤ 0.05) propionate molar proportion. Traditional Chinese medicine compound 1 also decreased (P ≤ 0.05) R. flavefaciens population. From the present study, it is inferred that there is an effect of the TCMC in suppressing methanogenesis, probably mediated via indirect mode by channeling H₂ utilized for methanogenesis to synthesis of propionate and direct action against the rumen microbes involved in methane formation. In addition, the relative methane reduction potential (RMRP) of TCMC2 was superior to that of TCMC1.