蚕蛹油的脂肪酸成分分析

以超临界CO2萃取的蚕蛹油为原料,通过气相色谱对蚕蛹油进行成分分析。结果表明,用气相色谱内标法测得超临界CO2萃取的蚕蛹油脂肪酸组成为：α-亚麻酸54．51％、油酸10．69％、亚油酸8．46％、棕榈酸1．74％、硬脂酸5．17％、软脂酸18.63％。其中不饱和脂肪酸含量达75．4％,功能性成分α-亚麻酸的含量高达72．3％。     

东北野生香薷挥发油香味成分分析及在卷烟中的应用

为研究东北野生香薷不同部位化学成分的差异及其挥发油对卷烟感官质量的影响,采用同时蒸馏萃取法分别提取东北野生香薷花（籽）、叶、茎中的挥发油,GC—MS技术分析并比较不同部位挥发性成分的差异。由峰面积归一化法分析可知,挥发油的主要成分是香薷酮、去氢香薷酮,它们在花中含量分别为19．93％,57．19％;叶中含量为20．39％,50．31％;茎中含量为18．02％,44．68％。将所得挥发油加入单料烟,对加料前后的卷烟进行感官质量评价,结果显示添加挥发油可提高烟气柔顺、细腻程度,并呈现出独特的清香气息。     

超声波-双水相协同提取海带多糖工艺的研究

[目的]优化超声波-双水相协同提取海带多糖的工艺。[方法]采用丙醇-硫酸铵双水相体系与超声耦合对海带多糖进行提取．苯酚-硫酸法测定多糖含量;采用单因素试验优化海带多糖的提取工艺。[结果]海带多糖提取的最佳工艺为：浸提时间为2h,超声提取时间为30min．提取温度为60℃,料液比为0．019,提取液pH值为5,在此条件下海带多糖的提取率为11．45％。[结论]试验建立了海带多糖提取的最佳工艺,为海带多糖的高效提取奠定了基础。     

响应面法优化超声波提取核桃油工艺的研究

应用超声波法辅助浸提核桃油,在单因素实验的基础上,通过Box-Benhnken中心组合实验,确定超声波辅助提取核桃油的最佳工艺条件为:正己烷作提取溶剂,液料比为7(mL∶g),提取温度53℃,超声时间48 min,超声波功率120 W,核桃油提取率达到61.91%。     

优选黄柏多糖超声波辅助提取工艺的研究

[目的]采用超声波技术辅助提取黄柏多糖。[方法]通过正交设计对提取工艺进行优化,考察因素为提取温度、提取时间、pH值和次数。[结果]影响黄柏多糖提取的主要因素是提取次数,优选方案为温度95℃、时间25 m in、pH 9、提取3次。[结论]该方法简单、高效,具有良好的精密度和稳定性,重现性好,是提取黄柏多糖的一个可行的方法。     

用超临界CO2脱除绿茶浓缩液中咖啡碱的工艺研究

对绿茶浓缩液中咖啡碱的超临界CO₂萃取工艺进行了研究，通过4因素正交试验探讨了浓缩液的浓度、操作压强、操作温度、萃取时间对咖啡碱脱除率的影响。结果表明，超临界CO₂萃取技术可以有效地脱除绿茶浓缩液中大部分的咖啡碱，在此基础上完成了用超临界CO₂脱除绿茶浓缩液中咖啡碱的连续作业试验，从而获得了加工脱咖啡碱绿茶浓缩液或速溶绿茶的新工艺。     

赤芍黄芩配伍微波提取工艺研究

以乙醇溶液为溶剂,采用微波法提取赤芍黄芩配伍中的主要成分芍药苷和黄芩苷,用高效液相色谱法测定芍药苷和黄芩苷含量.采用正交设计和单因素试验考察了微波功率、进料泵频率、提取溶剂体积分数、料液此、浸泡时间等因素对有效成分提取率的影响.结果显示优化的提取工艺条件为原料提取前浸泡9h,微波提取功率36 kW,进料泵频率为9 Hz,体积分数50％的乙醇作为提取溶剂,料液比为1∶12(m∶V,g/mL),此时芍药苷和黄芩苷的提取率分别为1.84％和2.91％.优化的微波提取法所得有效成分提取率高于超声提取法和回流提取法.     

棕榈藤基因组DNA提取及RAPD反应条件探索

棕榈藤(rattan)是棕榈科(Palmae Juss．)藤本植物，属棕榈科省藤亚科(Calamoideae)省藤族(Calameae)植物，包括13属600余种，主要分布于热带地区。棕榈藤是热带森林宝库中的多用途植物资源，具有很高的经济价值和开发前景，是仅次于木材和竹材的重要林产品，其中黄藤(Daemonorops margaritae(Hance)Seccari)和单叶省藤(Calamus simplicifolius Wei)是我国大面积栽培的2个重要藤种。     

The Application of Multivariate Statistical Methods for the Evaluation of Soil Profiles (8 pp)

Background, Aim and Scope   Contamination of soils does not only occur on their surface over large areas, but also in depth. Therefore a characterization of soil state after pollution demands a three-dimensional soil sampling, by what a large number of samples has to be analyzed. Analytical results could be evaluated by multivariate statistical methods, which have already been used for the evaluation of data sets containing results from soil sampling of two dimensions like areas or single profiles. In this case study, multivariate statistical methods were applied to investigate structure and interactions between features in a data set containing results of three-dimensional soil sampling. The investigated soil profiles were contaminated by emissions of a former cement and phosphate fertilizer plant. The aim of this study was to determine the remaining extent of contamination and to analyze whether pollutants are mobilized and vertically transported within the profiles. Materials and Methods: Three soil profiles were sampled in the surroundings of the plant. Grain size, organic and carbonatic bonded carbon, pH value, and the total contents of Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, F, Fe, K, Mn, Mg, Na, Ni, P, Pb, and Zn were determined. The resulting data set was evaluated by cluster analysis, linear discriminant analysis, and principal components analysis. The sequential extraction procedure according to Zeien and Brümmer was applied to analyze the binding properties of Ca, Cd, Cu, Na, Pb, and Zn from selected samples. Results: Cd was identified as contaminant of the top soils. The pH values of the bottom soils were determined to be in alkaline range, which is unnaturally high. Variables were clustered according to enrichment of variables in top soils. The samples were classified regarding their pollution state and their substrate by cluster analysis, which was confirmed by linear discriminant analysis. Geogenic and anthropogenic sources of variables as well as relationships between variables like the binding of heavy metals at organic matter were detected by using principal components analysis. The binding of heavy metals at organic matter in the top soils was confirmed by the results of the applied sequential extraction. A vertically altered distribution of Na binding was determined. Discussion: According to the current soil conditions, the uptake of heavy metals had probably occurred by the over ground part of plants during the deposition. The distribution of Na should likely result from the vertical transport of Na, which would also explain the high pH values of the bottom soils by ion exchange. Altogether, the main amount of deposited Ca, F, Na, P, and heavy metals is likely nearly insoluble bound in the top soils. Conclusions: Ten years after the end of production, the pollution of top soils in the surroundings of the former plant is still high. However, regarding the ecotoxicological relevance the now explored interactions between several soil features and elements strongly indicate that there is no short-term to medium-term risk of a mobilization of the deposited elements with the exception of Na. Recommendations and Perspectives: The results of this case study prove that multivariate statistical methods are powerful tools to explore interactions of variables and relationships in a data set derived from three dimensional soil sampling. The methods applied in this work can be highly recommended for evaluations of large data sets resulting from two- or three-dimensional samplings. Multivariate statistical methods enable the characterization of soils and their pollution state in a simple and economic way.     

不同提取方法下茶园土壤可溶性有机氮含量差异

以相似地形条件、相同成土母质和土壤类型的两个品种(黄旦和福云6号)茶园生态系统为研究对象,采用H2O(室温)、H2O(70℃)和KCl(2 mol.L-1)3种提取方法研究两个品种茶园土壤可溶性有机氮(SON)含量差异.结果表明,茶园不同土层3种提取方法的土壤SON含量间呈显著或极显著差异,SON含量大小均表现为:KCl(2 mol.L-1)>H2O(70℃)>H2O(室温);H2O(室温)、H2O(70℃)、KCl(2 mol.L-1)提取测定的黄旦和福云6号茶园上层(0-15 cm)土壤SON含量分别比下层(15-30 cm)高9.62%、17.93%、11.64%和36.57%、46.23%、25.54%,垂直差异达显著或极显著水平;H2O(70℃)和KCl(2 mol.L-1)提取测定的黄旦茶园上层土壤SON含量分别比福云6号上层高17.44%和7.88%,差异达显著水平.可见,茶园土壤SON含量因提取剂及茶树品种的不同而差异明显.