貂、狐、貉的养殖与疾病防治

主要对貂、狐、貉的养殖及一些长期存在的营养代谢病、主要传染病防治(疫苗质量,使用与免疫程序,免疫失败)进行归纳和总结。     

Effect of traditional Chinese medicine Muniziqi on gonad axis in rats with chronic stress premature ovarian failure

AIM: To investigate the effects of traditional Chinese medicine Muniziqi on chronic premature ovarian failure (POF) by observing the histomorphological changes of pituitary, hypothalamus and ovary in rats with chronic POF. METHODS: Mature Sprague-Dawley rats (female, n=90) were randomly divided into normal group (n=10), and stress model group (n=80). After the model was established, the rats with POF were screened. The model rats were divided into POF group, and POF with high-, medium- and low-dose Muniziqi groups. HE staining and Masson staining were used. The morphological changes of pituitary, hypothalamic and ovarian tissues were observed, and the ovarian and uterus indexes were calculated. The serum levels of estradiol (E₂), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in the rats were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: The traditional Chinese medicine Muniziqi had certain effects on the morphological changes and hormone levels of pituitary, hypothalamic and ovarian tissues in the rats with chronic POF. Compared with POF group, each drug intervention group had different degrees of improvement. Compared with normal group, the E₂ level in POF group was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the levels of LH and FSH were significantly increased (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Chronic stress results in the occurrence of POF. The traditional Chinese medicine Muniqizi has the effects on prevention and treatment of POF and improvement of histomorphological changes and hormone levels of the gonaol axis.     

Effects of Qili Qiangxin capsule on serum concentration of adiponectin and heart function in patients with coronary heart disease combined with congestive heart failure

AIM：To investigate the effects of Qili Qiangxin capsule on serum adiponectin (APN), serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and heart function in the patients of coronary heart disease combined with congestive heart failure. METHODS：One hundred and twenty patients were randomly divided into treatment group and control group, and both groups were given anti-failure routine therapy. The patients in treatment group were treated with Qili Qiangxin capsule and the patients in control group were treated with placebo. The patients in the 2 groups were given a certain dose of the drugs for 6 months. The New York Heart Association (NYHA) heart function classification, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD),left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and 6-min walking test (6-MWT) were observed before and after treatment. The levels of APN, NT-proBNP were measured by ELISA before and after treatment. RESULTS：With the increase in the class of NYHA heart function, the serum concentrations of APN and NT-proBNP in the heart failure cases increased significantly. After 6-month treatment, the effective rate in experimental group was 91.7% and that in control group was 75.0%. A significant difference was found between the 2 groups (P<0.01). After treatment, LVEDD and LVESD in both groups were decreased significantly, and LVEF in both groups was increased significantly. The serum concentrations of APN and NT-proBNP decreased significantly (P<0.05). 6-MWT result was improved significantly. Compared with control group, more obvious effect was observed in experimental group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：Treatment with Qili Qiangxin capsule reduces the levels of APN and NT-proBNP in the patients with coronary heart disease combined with congestive heart failure.     

Effects of FKBP12.6 gene on canine heart failure transfected by ultrasound mediated destruction of microbubbles

AIM: To investigate the effect of gene transfection of FKBP12.6 (FK12.6 binding protein) on the canine failing heart induced by rapid ventricular pacing. METHODS: Three weeks after onset of rapid ventricular pacing (250 bpm), 28 canines were divided into 4 groups. Either pcDNA3.1-FKBP12.6 plasmid encoding human FKBP12.6 gene (transfection groupⅠ,Ⅱ; observed at the 4th or 14th days respectively after transfection) or empty vector (controlⅠ,Ⅱ) was transferred into myocardium under ultrasonic microbubble destruction. After transfection, maintenance pacing at a reduced rate (190 beats/min) was continued until end-point of experiment. Echocadiographic, hemodynamic and plasmic ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide), BNP (brain natriuretic peptide) data were collected three times (before pacing, before transfection and endpoint). Semiquantative RT-PCR was used to identify FKBP12.6 expression in myocardium. RESULTS: Gene transfection of FKBP12.6 elevated expression of FKBP12.6 mRNA 3.5 folds at day 4, and 1.7 folds at day 14 respectively, compared with control group. Significant improvements of cardiac function, hemodynamics and plasmic concentrations of ANP, BNP were observed in transfection groupⅠ and these effects were stable for at least 2 weeks. Cardiac output (CO), ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) were still lower than pre-pacing although they increased in transfection groups. Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) and left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) decreased at day 14 but LVEDD remained unchanged at day 4 compared with pre-transfection. CONCLUSION: Gene transfection of FKBP12.6 improves cardiac functions in the failing heart and reverses myocyte remodeling. This might be a novel therapeutic application for treating human heart failure.     

Effect of Siduqing decoction,a Chinese medicine,on survival rate and multiple organ dysfunction in mice challenged with LPS

AIM: To investigate the effect of siduqing decoction, a Chinese medicine, on survival rate and multiple organ dysfunction in mice challenged with LPS. METHODS: Mice were administered intragastrically with Siduqing decoction or distilled water (0.2 ml/10 g) twice a day for 3 days, two hours after Chinese herbal medicine treatment on day 3, LPS or normal saline was injected intraperitoneally, and survival rates in each group were recorded at 12-h intervals. In another experiment, mice were sacrificed at 12 h after LPS, lung, liver, kidney and small intestine were collected and processed for the H & E staining. In addition, Blood was collected at 10 h after LPS injection for determining alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) contents. RESULTS: At 96 h after LPS injection, the survival rate (27%, n=34) was lower in LPS group than Siduqing treatment group (65%, n=31, P<0.05). ALT activity, BUN and Cr contents in serum were higher in LPS group than control group, Siduqing treatment significantly attenuated a increase in ALT activity, BUN and Cr content in serum induced by LPS. Histological examination showed inflammatory injury in the lung and intestine, hemorrhage in the lung and kidney, degeneration, necrosis in the liver and kidney, while Siduqing treatment attenuated pathological changes induced by LPS. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that Siduqing has a protective effect against LPS-induced multiple organ injury and increases survival rate in mice challenged with LPS.     

Serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, CRP and D-dimer in patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome

AIM: To determine the changes of the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, C reactive protein (CRP) and D-dimer in the patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and compare the relationship between the levels of cytokines in early stage and MODS. METHODS: The serum values of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, CRP and D-dimer were measured in 27 patients with MODS in 1 d, 3 d and 5 d after undergoing disease, and compared with the adult peripheral blood of 15 normal controls. The levels in the first undergoing day between the lived group (n=19) and died group (n=8) were compared. RESULTS: The serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, CRP and D-dimer in MODS group were higher than that in control (P<0.05). With the development of the MODS, the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, CRP and D-dimer were higher gradually. The level of IL-10 was increased at the third day. The levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, CRP and D-dimer in the first day of MODS in died group were higher than those in lived group, especially IL-6 and D-dimer (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Determining the serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, CRP and D-dimer in MODS patients is helpful to guide the diagnosis and outcome.     

Xinshuaikang inhibits myocardial autophagy and MAPK/ERK1/2 signaling pathway in rats with chronic heart failure

AIM:To explore the effect of Xinshuaikang on myocardial autophagy in the rats with chronic heart failure and its relationship with the MAPK/ERK1/2 signaling pathway. METHODS:The rats were divided into sham group, model group (rat model of chronic heart failure was established by ligation of anterior descending branch of left coronary artery), low-, middle-, and high-dose Xinshuaikang treatment (TL, TM and TH) groups and captopril group (treated with captopril as positive control), with 12 in each group. Doppler echocardiography was used to evaluate the cardiac function. The morphological changes of the myocardium were observed by HE staining. TUNEL staining was used to detect cardiomyocyte apoptosis. The expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-Ⅱ (LC3-Ⅱ) in the myocardium was detected by immunofluorescence labeling. The protein levels of p-ERK, p-p38 MAPK, LC3-Ⅱ, beclin-1 and p62 in the myocardium were determined by Western blot. RESULTS:Compared with sham group, left ventricular end-diastolic dia-meter (LVEDD) and left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD) in model group were increased, while left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end-diastole (LVPWTd), left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end-systole (LVPWTs), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), cardiac output (CO), left ventricular diastolic pressure (LVDP), left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) and maximum rate of rise/decrease of left ventricular pressure (+dp/dt_max/-dp/dt_max) were decreased (P<0.05). The myocardial cells were deformed and necrotic, and the myocardial fibers were broken, with inflammatory cell infiltration. The apoptotic rate, the positive rate of LC3-Ⅱ, and the protein levels of p-ERK, p-p38 MAPK, LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-I and beclin-1 were increased, and the protein expression of p62 was decreased (P<0.05). Compared with model group, the levels of LVEDD and LVESD were decreased, LVPWTd, LVPWTs, LVEF, CO, LVSP, LVDP, +dp/dt_max and -dp/dt_max were increased in Xinshuaikang groups and captopril group (P<0.05). The morphological changes of myocardial cells were gradually returned to normal, and inflammatory cell infiltration, the apoptotic rate and the positive rate of LC3-Ⅱ were decreased. The protein levels of p-ERK, p-p38 MAPK, LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-I and beclin-1 were decreased, and the protein expression of p62 was increased (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:Xinshuaikang inhibits myocardial auto-phagy to play a role of cardiac protection in the rats with chronic heart failure, and its mechanism may be related to inhibition of MAPK/ERK1/2 signaling pathway.     

The possible nitric oxide mechanism of Rhodiola on the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome after burns

AIM:To study the effects of Rhodiola(Rho), nitric oxide (NO), hemoglobin (HB) on the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS) in early stage after burn in rabbits. METHODS:The rabbits were divided into the sham burn group(SB), burn group (B), orally taken Rho group (R), burn and Rho therapy group (BR). The changes of hemodynamics were monitored. The index of pulmonary permeability was calculated. These data reflected separately the functions of heart, liver, lung, kidney and blood coagulation system were also determined. NO contents in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured by Griess method. The levels of serum HB were measured. RESULTS:① The dysfunctions of heart, liver and kidney achieved the criterion of MODS in group B at 48 h postburns (B^{48 h}). The NO content of group B significantly increased in serum and BALF at B^{48 h}. ② The cardiac index (CI) and creatine phosphokinase (CK), urea nitrogen (BUN) markedly raised or decreased in group BR at 48 h postburns (BR^{48 h}) than B^{48 h}. The NO contents in serum and BALF markedly raised. ③ HB contents in serum markedly raised in group B and BR at 0 h postburns (B^{0 h}, BR^{0 h}) than group SB, B^{48 h}, R, BR^{48 h}, but NO was reverse. CONCLUTIONS:① HB contents in serum markedly raised at 0 h postburns, but NO was reverse. ② Rho promoted the increases of NO synthesis and the blood perfusion of organs, which might be one of mechanisms to prevent the development of MODS.