熵产生原理和耗散结构

本文讨论了熵产生原理和耗散结构理论的基本概念和有关问题,以及上述理论在生物学中的应用。     

喀什市土地利用结构信息熵与社会经济发展灰色关联分析

根据2000~2012年喀什市土地利用变更调查数据,运用信息熵方法对期间喀什市土地利用结构信息熵进行分析,并对熵值与灰色关联度进行分析。结果表明:2000~2012年,喀什市土地利用信息熵由0.693 2上升到1.664 8,均衡度由0.693 2上升到0.723 0,优势度由0.306 8下降到2012年的0.277 0。信息墒、均衡度总体呈波动上升的趋势,优势度总体出现下降的趋势,土地利用系统无序性增加,均质性增强。土地利用结构熵与固定资产投资存在强关联,关联强度值为0.704 4,与城镇化率、土地经济密度、社会商品零销售总额、人均GDP、非农产业与农业产业产值比呈中等关联。利用土地利用结构信息墒和社会经济发展的灰色关联度综合分析,得出土地利用内部结构的变化是信息熵值变化的直接原因,社会经济发展是土地利用结构熵变化的主要原因。     

华东地区农业现代化水平的综合评价

首先,在正确理解农业现代化内涵和本质的基础上,遵循系统性、综合性、代表性、合理性和可比性的原则,根据华东地区实际和有关文献,依据《中国统计年鉴2008》相关数据,结合我国华东地区六省一市的社会发展实际,选取12个指标构建华东地区农业现代化评价指标体系。其次,按照现代科学决策规则,提出3个备选方案对比分析,并运用兼容度极大化法生成优化方案。结果表明,华东地区农业现代化水平可依次分为3类,第1类为上海,第2类为浙江、江苏、福建、山东,第3类为江西、安徽。评价结果符合华东地区农业发展实际。最后,由于华东地区在资金投入、农村人口教育、农业科技研发、农民培训教育、社会组织结构等方面仍存在不足,提出优化投资结构、加大科技的支持力度、完善＂以工促农,以城带乡＂机制的对策建议,以期加快华东地区农业现代化发展。     

巢湖流域土地利用效益测度与综合判定

依据土地利用效益空间分异,能够实现区域资源优化配置。合理判定用地效益显得至关重要。土地利用类型差异化而体现用地效益多元化。为此,本研究选取社会经济及城镇化快速发展的巢湖流域,按照农用地和建设用地两大用地类型,差异化构建不同评价指标体系,采用熵权-TOPSIS模型与二维象限法构建的农用地–建设用地效益综合评判逻辑模型,测度了巢湖流域农用地效益和建设用地效益,以及综合评判了研究区的用地效益。结果表明:研究区农用地效益整体较偏低,效益值范围0.074 0~0.712 9,区域差异显著,庐阳区、包河区、长丰县、舒城县属于较高级别,无为县、和县、金安区相对较低,效益值均尚未达到0.100 0;建设用地效益区域差异悬殊,效益值范围0.048 7~0.918 4,较高区域集中于合肥市辖区及肥西县、肥东县、长丰县等紧邻合肥县域,巢湖市、庐江县、和县、含山县、金安区、舒城县普遍较低。研究区归入到4个象限类型的评价单元数,依次为4、1、5、4个,结合不同类型象限内涵,本文分别针对每个区县提出了农用地和建设用地的效益提升对策和建议。     

Evaluation Modeling of the Best College Coaches

We construct several models to select the best five coaches in different files at college for the previous century.Frist of all,aiming at the college coaches’major diathesis,a scientific questionnaire is built up.we select reasonably four aspects:ability,career,personal achievement,matches played,to compare coaches’achievement by predigesting the integrated evaluation index system based on the online data from NCAA[1].Finally,we get the rough relative weight of the four aspects.Then we study the accurate weight.First,we use AHP to get more accurate weight at the foundation of the rough relative weight.However,the weight is slightly subjective.Therefore,we filter the collected data,and employ Entropy Method to get weight.Finally,the Meta Synthesis Weight Approach is stipulated to combine the two methods and get the ultimate weight.In the end,we calculate the score every coach get and obtains the ranking..Then,we calculate the scores in weighted way based on the weight of Model.     

Entropy, non-linearity and hierarchy in ecosystems

Soil-plant systems are open systems thermodynamically because they exchange both energy and matter with their surroundings. Thus they are properly described by the second and third of the three stages of thermodynamics defined by Prigogine and Stengers (1984). The second stage describes a system in which the flow is linearly related to the force. Such a system tends towards a steady state in which entropy production is minimized, but it depends on the capacity of the system for self-organization. In a third stage system, flow is non-linearly related to force, and the system can move far from equilibrium. This system maximizes entropy production but in so doing facilitates self-organization. The second stage system was suggested earlier to provide a useful analogue of the behaviour of natural and agricultural ecosystems subjected to perturbations, but it needs the capacity for self-organization. Considering an ecosystem as a hierarchy suggests that this capacity is provided by the soil population, which releases from dead plant matter nutrients such as nitrate, phosphate and cations needed for growth of new plants and the renewal of the whole ecosystem. This release of small molecules from macromolecules increases entropy, and the soil population maximizes entropy production by releasing nutrients and carbon dioxide as vigorously as conditions allow. In so doing it behaves as a third stage thermodynamic system.Other authors (Schneider and Kay, 1994, 1995) consider that it is the plants in an ecosystem that maximize entropy, mainly through transpiration, but studies on transpiration efficiency suggest that this is questionable.     

“马家沟芹菜”蔬菜品牌竞争力的测算

为分析山东青岛“马家沟芹菜”品牌的竞争力,本文以4Cs营销理论为基础,构建了一套评价指标体系,并运用熵权法与模糊综合评价法得出其品牌竞争力综合评分为81.1500分。根据此分数可知,该品牌竞争力良好。在各类一级指标中,得分依次为：品牌文化力（81.9019）＞品牌传播力（81.5643）＞品牌销售力（80.8988）＞品牌性能价值（79.6669）。本文在分析结果后,对其进行优化建设,为本品牌及同类产品品牌建设指明前进方向。     

基于熵权法的粮食产量影响因素权重确定

选取乡村从业人员数量、农业机械总动力、农作物有效灌溉面积、粮食作物播种面积、化肥施用量、农村用电量、受灾面积和成灾面积等8个主要因素作为粮食产量影响因素,运用熵权法给出了粮食产量影响因素权重确定方法,并运用1985～2005年相关数据,实例分析了我国粮食产量影响因素的权重。结果表明,农村用电量对粮食产量的影响最大,其次是农业机械总动力、化肥施用量和成灾面积。要提高粮食产量,必须加大机械化程度,将人从以往的直接耕种过程中解放出来,并要加强水利工程建设,做好防灾减灾工作。     

用熵权模糊综合评价法评价养殖池塘水质状况的研究

[目的]利用熵权模糊综合评价法对养殖池塘水质状况进行评价,以期能对池塘养殖的水质评判提供参考。[方法]利用熵权模糊综合评价法评价以乌克兰鳞鲤(Cyprinus carpio)为主养鱼,平均规格71.4 g/尾,密度分别为6 000、9 000、12 000尾/hm2的3组池塘的水质情况。[结果]根据我国地表水环境质量标准GB3838-2002,在养殖过程中,6 000尾/hm2组池塘属Ⅰ类水,9 000和12 000尾/hm2组池塘属Ⅴ类水。[结论]随着养殖密度的增大,池塘水质逐渐变差,但从综合评价结果也可看出9 000和12 000尾/hm2组池塘的水质没有差异。     

河南省区域生态安全评价与空间差异分析

根据主成分分析法和专家经验法从系统压力、系统状态、系统响应3个方面构建了区域生态安全评价指标体系,应用熵模糊物元分析法对河南省2008年各地市生态安全进行了评价,并运用SPSS17.0对评价结果进行聚类分析,结果表明:2008年河南省各地市生态安全指数在0.452476～0.586619之间,均处于临界安全状态,且有自西向东递减的趋势。