能源结构的Logistic模型及其预测

为合理、科学地对能源结构进行调整和优化,提出了能源结构的Logistic模型。由统计检验估计法,对模型中的经济增长系数及煤的需求最大缺口量进行了预测估计,并考虑了在能源结构中,油气的消费变化对煤炭消费的影响。依据中国统计年鉴2007年数据,定量地分析了未来20年能源结构的发展趋势,并提出了相关的能源对策。     

影响锤片式粉碎机生产率与能耗的因子分析

本文对影响锤片式粉碎机生产率和能量消耗的诸多因子,如粉碎机的结构优化设计;相关工作参数的合理选择与组合;合理的使用操作技术等方面做了定性分析和综合论述。同时还扼要介绍了“双转子”、“无筛”粉碎机新机型的粉碎机理,和配合饲料加工粉碎新工艺。     

夏玉米农田表面温度影响因素分析

 【目的】农田表面温度变化规律及其特征的研究，对于采用该指标进行农田墒情监测具有重要的实践指导意义。【方法】以华北平原夏玉米农田尺度为研究对象，采用涡度相关技术和热红外遥感技术，研究了夏玉米全生育期内不同环境条件下农田能量平衡各分量及气温环境因素与农田表面温度的关系。【结果】在不存在土壤水分胁迫情况下，夏玉米不同生育阶段日变化过程中，气温与农田表面温度的相关程度不同，叶面积指数(LAI)较低时二者高度相关，随着生长发育LAI的增加，二者相关程度降低且分散程度增大；净辐射和潜热通量的大小是确定农田表面温度高低的主要能量因子，二者相关程度随着生育期LAI的增减呈抛物线变化趋势, 晴天日农田郁闭时，农田表面温度与能量平衡各分量之间的相关程度达到最高。季节变化过程中，日平均表面温度和瞬时表面温度与日平均气温和瞬时气温间呈高度相关。夏玉米生长大喇叭口期至乳熟期，0～100 cm土层土壤相对含水量超过65%以上时，晴天或云天日表面温度与气温差值相差不大，基本稳定，平均为－5.3℃。【结论】农田表面温度的高低是由作物生长势和外界的辐射、土壤水分状况等因素共同作用确定。     

稻田复种轮作系统能流物流特征研究

稻田复种轮作是循环农业发展的重要措施,能量转化与物质循环是生态系统的基本功能之一,是农田生态系统最主要的研究内容之一。为探明稻田复种轮作这一耕作制度的优势,采用田间定位试验的方法,对稻田生态系统连作处理方式和轮作处理方式的能流与物流特征进行比较分析。研究结果表明:稻田复种轮作系统能提高农田生态系统的能量流动与物质循环。在能量流动方面,稻田轮作处理平均总初级生产力为74.37×1010 J-hm-2,比连作处理高31.35%;轮作系统能量总投入平均为9.42×1010 J-hm-2,比连作处理高4.90%;轮作系统的光能利用率平均为1.55%,比连作处理高31.36%;轮作处理辅助能量产投比平均为7.89,比连作处理高25.04%。在物质循环方面,轮作处理的N、P、K养分利用率明显高于连作处理,各个处理的N、P输出/输入均小于1,说明农田生态系统中N素、P素均有盈余,呈正平衡状态,有利于土壤N素、P素的良性循环;但是系统中K素的输入值小于系统内K素的输出,说明系统内存在严重的K素亏损。因此,在南方稻区,采用稻田复种轮作方式有利于提高系统的能流物流,从而使农田生态系统处于良性循环,对循环农业发展有良好的促进作用。     

上海市能源消耗与经济增长的协整分析

对上海市1985~2004年能源消耗与经济增长之间的协整性和因果关系的研究表明:上海市能源消耗与经济增长之间存在长期均衡关系;就短期影响来看,能源消耗严重制约着地区经济的发展,但这种制约效应会随着经济水平的不断提高而减弱。     

The Effect of Energy on Serotonin-Like Neurons in Duck Hypothalamus

In the present study, immunohistochemical method (SABC method) was used to examine the distribution of serotonin-like neurons in hypothalamus of Cherry Valley ducks bred with high energy diet and low energy diet respectively. All films were analysed by using a computer-assisted image analysis system. In high energy group, labelled neurons are widely distributed in paraventricular nucleus(PVN, 17.73± 1.41 neurons/19.46× 103 μm2) and ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH,15.8±1.71 neurons/19.46×103 μm2); in low energy group, labelled ceils are widely distributed in lateral hypothalamus (LH,11.25±1.53 neurons/19.46×103 μm2), yet there is no positive neuron in PVN. These results indicate that serotonin-like neurons in hypothalamus are involved in the regulation of food intake and energy metabolism.     

基于能值分析理论的芜湖市生态经济系统可持续发展研究

运用能值分析理论对芜湖市生态经济系统可持续发展水平进行定量研究,结果表明,近年来芜湖市经济的高速发展是以环境资源破坏为代价,其生态经济系统发展的可持续性较弱。结合芜湖市实际,提出对策建议。     

Proximate composition,energy content and physiochemical properties ofAfzelia africana andBrachystegia eurycoma seeds

The proximate composition, energy content and physiochemical properties ofAfzelia africana andBrachystegia eurycoma seeds were determined. The bulk density, reconstituability, foam properties and emulsification properties of flour samples in water, 1% saline and 1% alkali were studied. There were no significant differences (p0.05) in the proximate composition of seeds from different agroclimatic zones. The energy content of seeds were comparable to that of other legume seeds (5.7 kcal/g forA. africana and 4.5 kcal/g forB. eurycoma seeds). Foam properties ofB. eurycoma seeds were found to be better than that ofA. africana seeds in terms of foam volume and stability. Emulsification properties ofB. eurycoma seeds were also found to be better thanA. africana seeds suggesting thatB. eurycoma seeds would be more efficient in food systems requiring the formation of stable foams and emulsions. Protein solubility in alkali was found to be better than in water and in 1% saline. The bulk densities and reconstitution indices of flour samples from the two seeds were found to be similar.     

能源甜菜的筛选及生产酒精初步研究

从优良糖用甜菜高代品系中选出8个优良新品系,开展用于能源酒精生产的实验研究。结果表明:JNYL5、JNY7208、JNYB86、JNY41四个新品系酒精产率较高,每吨原料可生产95%酒精分别为:98.2L、114.2L、95.3L和82.3L。初步研究认为:能源甜菜生产酒精与酒精转化率、含糖率和块根产量相关。     

Ingestion of energy, protein and amino acids from pasture by grazing European wild boar (Sus scrofa L.) in a semi-extensive production system

The aim of the study was to determine the apparent consumption of dry matter (DM), gross energy (GE), crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) from pasture by European wild boar in a pastoral system. Two pasture-types were used, one consisting predominantly of Lolium perenne L. and the other predominantly of Plantago lanceolata L. The study was conducted in Spring and repeated in Summer. Twelve purebred European Wild Boar of 18.8 ± 0.8 kg (mean ± sem) with nose rings were randomly grouped into six pairs. Each day of the 19-day study, a pair of animals was placed into each of three areas of a pasture strip (1.4 × 6.3 m per area) from each pasture type from 8:30 h until 16:30 h, after which the animals entered a barn and had free access to a commercial diet for 45 min, with each pasture strip being grazed once. Pasture samples were taken on days 4 to 19 from each grazed area pre- and post-grazing and the DM content of these samples was used to calculate DM consumption of the animals. Additional pasture samples were collected and analysed for gross energy, crude protein and amino acids. The wild boar consumed (mean + SEM) 418 ± 72.2 and 210 ± 38.3 g of DM per day in the L. perenne paddock during Spring and Summer, respectively, and 550 ± 85.9 and 226 ± 44.8 g DM per day in the P. lanceolata paddock during Spring and Summer, respectively. The amount of DM, energy, crude protein and amino acids that the animals consumed varied markedly between days, but did not significantly differ in amount between the L. perenne and P. laceolata paddocks. However, the consumptions were significantly lower in Summer than in Spring. It is estimated that the wild boar would have satisfied somewhat less than 90 and 45% of their daily maintenance digestible energy requirements through consumption of pasture when grazing the L. perenne paddock in Spring and Summer, respectively.