Effects of cyclosporin on oxidative stress and mitochondrial energy metabolism in rat hippocampus after status epilepticus

AIM：To investigate the effects of cyclosporin on oxidative stress and mitochondrial energy metabolism in the rat hippocampus after status epilepticus. METHODS：Status epilepticus was induced by pilocarpine. The changes of malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase in the rat hippocampus with or without cyclosporin injection were evaluated. Additionally, the mitochondrial permeability transition, the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I/III and ATP content in the rat hippocampus were detected. RESULTS：Cyclosporin significantly inhibited mitochondrial permeability transition in the rat hippocampus after status epilepticus. Decreased malondialdehyde and increased superoxide dismutase levels were detected in cyclosporin treatment group compared with status epilepticus group (P<0.05). More-over, the activity of mitochondria respiratory chain complex I, not III, in the mitochondrial fraction increased after cyclo-sporin treatment (P<0.05). In addition, cyclosporin significantly prevented the decrease of ATP content in rat hippocampus after status epilepticus (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：Cyclosporin suppresses oxidative stress in the rat hippocampus after status epilepticus. Cyclosporin alleviates the impairment of mitochondrial energy metabolism in rat hippocampus after status epilepticus.     

不同饲料对花鲈饲养效果的比较研究

选用８种饲料－－鱿鱼、环棱螺、舌鳎、鲫鱼、海虾、螯虾、硬颗粒及软颗粒饲料，对花鲈鱼种进行饲养试验，比较不同饲料的生长效果。结果表明，花鲈鱼种的日增重率与所摄取食物的干重占体重的百分比呈直线正相关；８种饲料以软颗粒饲料的饲料系数最低，为０．８８，其能量利用效率最高，达３１．３１％。     

Energy budget and metabolism in common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., fed on different dietary protein levels and at different ration levels

The total energy budget of 65 ± 8.0 g common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., was studied in the laboratory. The pattern of energy allocation varied with dietary protein content and ration levels. The energy lost as heat of metabolism, R, was found to increase with dietary protein level and total ration. Energy lost as faeces, F, varied from 19% to 24% of consumption, C, but did not appear to be related to either protein content or ration levels. The energy equivalent of nitrogenous excretion, U, as a proportion of C increased with an increase in dietary protein but decreased with an increase of ration level. Regression equations were developed from the data to allow prediction of respiratory energy losses, faecal losses and excretory losses. The balance of energy budgets compiled from experiments conducted over an 18-day period was between 66% and 82%. Observed growth was always less than predicted growth, so the predictive models overestimated growth. The data presented form the basis for the first reported study of total energy budgets in Cyprinus carpio.     

Optimal design of pumping stations of inland intensive fishfarms

An algorithm for selection of least cost or optimum pump combinations in water supply systems and to evaluate the system's energy cost of inland intensive fishfarms is presented. The model is based on solving a non-linear programming problem. Optimum design refers to the selection of pump type, capacity, and number of units that results in minimum design and operating costs for a given water demand curve. The optimization process consists of three main steps: (1) determination of fishfarm daily water requirements; (2) determination of all sets of pumping stations that satisfy the maximum requirements of flow and energy head of the fishfarm water distribution network; and (3) selection of the least-cost set among the feasible sets of pumping stations. The model was established based on data from an actual eel fishfarm in southern Spain. Application of the model shows that the optimal solution with the pump operation scheme at a constant rate (maximum requirements of flow) saved 70% of the actual total annual cost of the pumping station. The optimal solution with a variable pumping rate (pumped flow adjustment to match demand) saved 92% of the actual total annual cost with all fixed speed pump groups. Savings about 95% were obtained when one variable speed pump group was included in the optimal solution.     

ENERGY CONVERSION EFFICIENCY IN THREE ECOLOGICAL TYPES OF POND IN THE PEARL RIVER DELTA IN CHINA

本文研究了珠江三角洲三种不同生态类型池塘的能量转换效率。三种不同类型的池塘分别是：１）静水塘，面积０．２４７ｈａ，试验期间不换水，也没有其它增氧设施；２）加水塘，面积０．１９３ｈａ，每天加水２，７００－３，０００Ｍ３／ｈａ；３）微流水塘，面积０．１９３ｈａ，每天由潮汐自然进水３０，２５５－４２，４８０Ｍ３／ｈａ。另外，加水塘和微流水塘各配一台３千瓦的叶轮式增氧机，在鱼浮头时使用。结果表明增加池塘的换水量可以增加鱼产量，提高池塘的能量转换效率。还表明换水量大的池塘其生物能占的比例较大，而光合能占的比例则较小。为提高池塘的能量转换效率和鱼产量，必须增加“直食性”鱼类的放养量、减少“滤食性”鱼类的放养量。     

荔枝蒂蛀虫辐照检疫处理的研究

应用γ-射线辐照检疫处理对荔枝蒂蛀虫Conopomorpha sinensis的研究结果表明，果中幼虫经0．2kGy处理后，幼虫死亡率达68．75；经0．25kGy处理后，仅有一头幼虫存活并能结茧化蛹，但不能羽化为成虫，经0．30，0．35和0．40kGy处理后，供试幼虫全部死亡，而对照死亡率仅为1．8％－2．2％，其余幼虫化蛹并羽化成虫虫，辐照处理后对荔枝果实的保鲜试验结果表明，在供试的几个辐照剂量，处理后7天，所有处理中的果率均比对照组低，0．35％kGy处理组保鲜效果最显著。0．25kGy γ-射线辐照可作为荔枝蒂蛀虫幼虫的检疫处理措施。     

夏玉米农田表面温度影响因素分析

 【目的】农田表面温度变化规律及其特征的研究，对于采用该指标进行农田墒情监测具有重要的实践指导意义。【方法】以华北平原夏玉米农田尺度为研究对象，采用涡度相关技术和热红外遥感技术，研究了夏玉米全生育期内不同环境条件下农田能量平衡各分量及气温环境因素与农田表面温度的关系。【结果】在不存在土壤水分胁迫情况下，夏玉米不同生育阶段日变化过程中，气温与农田表面温度的相关程度不同，叶面积指数(LAI)较低时二者高度相关，随着生长发育LAI的增加，二者相关程度降低且分散程度增大；净辐射和潜热通量的大小是确定农田表面温度高低的主要能量因子，二者相关程度随着生育期LAI的增减呈抛物线变化趋势, 晴天日农田郁闭时，农田表面温度与能量平衡各分量之间的相关程度达到最高。季节变化过程中，日平均表面温度和瞬时表面温度与日平均气温和瞬时气温间呈高度相关。夏玉米生长大喇叭口期至乳熟期，0～100 cm土层土壤相对含水量超过65%以上时，晴天或云天日表面温度与气温差值相差不大，基本稳定，平均为－5.3℃。【结论】农田表面温度的高低是由作物生长势和外界的辐射、土壤水分状况等因素共同作用确定。     

影响锤片式粉碎机生产率与能耗的因子分析

本文对影响锤片式粉碎机生产率和能量消耗的诸多因子,如粉碎机的结构优化设计;相关工作参数的合理选择与组合;合理的使用操作技术等方面做了定性分析和综合论述。同时还扼要介绍了“双转子”、“无筛”粉碎机新机型的粉碎机理,和配合饲料加工粉碎新工艺。     

秸秆能源化利用技术综述

秸秆能源化利用技术是近年来迅速发展起来的生物质能利用新技术,我国农作物秸秆资源丰富,秸秆生物质资源的有效利用对解决环境污染和优化能源结构具有重要的意义。综述了秸秆固化、秸秆沼气、秸秆气化、秸秆发电、秸秆液化等秸秆能源化利用技术的原理,分析了各类技术的发展状况及存在的问题,认为在部分技术中存在生产成本高、技术不成熟、生产效率低、能耗高、行业标准缺失等问题,最后展望了秸秆能源化利用技术的发展方向和未来发展趋势。     

车载电源多电动机测试平台耦合分析与解耦控制研究

为研究纯电动汽车车载电源性能在环测试,提出了由异步电动机-直流电动机组成的测试平台,是集机、电、磁于一体的复杂机电耦合系统。首先对该测试平台进行了机电耦合分析,建立了其机电耦合模型。根据α阶积分逆系统原理构建了伪线性系统,实现了对该复杂机电耦合系统的线性化。在此基础上,将自适应模糊神经网络与逆系统结合,构造出自适应模糊神经网络逆系统对原系统进行解耦控制。仿真和实验结果表明:自适应模糊神经网络逆系统控制取得了较好的解耦效果;异步电动机的反馈转速和直流电动机的反馈转矩均较好地跟踪了参考转速和参考转矩。此外,通过该测试平台可得到在整个循环工况中与异步电动机相连的电池电压、电流以及功率的变化曲线,为复合电源的在环测试提供了理论依据。