旅游交通能源消耗与碳排放研究

旅游业作为世界上最大的产业部门,其能源消耗和碳排放已经引起关注,其中旅游交通作为旅游业能源消耗和碳排放最主要的部门,许多学者对其进行了研究.科学全面地分析旅游交通能源消耗和碳排放有助于推动旅游交通的可持续发展,进而促进旅游业更健康地发展.分析了当前旅游交通能耗和碳排放的研究方法,然后从旅游交通能源消耗和碳排放的测度、影响因素、对环境的影响和响应对策等4个方面,综述了其主要的研究内容,最后对中国旅游交通能源消耗和碳排放的研究提出了建议.     

陡槽溢洪道多孔消能板消能特性影响因素的试验研究

传统消能工对于低水头、大流量的陡槽溢洪道消能效果并不显著。在陡槽溢洪道上设置多孔消能板后,大大提高了陡槽溢洪道的消能率。该文采用物理模型进行试验的方法,对设置多孔消能板的陡槽溢洪道的水流流速及消能特性行了详细的研究,得到了各个因素对设置多孔消能板的陡槽溢洪道消能率的影响情况,给出了其消能率最高达到80%以上的多孔消能板处理方案,消能效果显著。     

面向农业环境的无线传感器网络部署算法研究

设计了基于改进微粒群和初始能量分配的综合优化算法。通过合理的无线传感器网络节点部署,在保证网络通讯质量的同时,根据不同节点的实际功耗,均衡每个节点的能量,有效延长整个网络的生命周期,促进无线传感器网络技术在农业环境监测中更广泛的应用。     

低碳背景下农村居民生活能源消费实证分析——基于7省的微观数据

为了研究目前低碳背景下如何更好地促进我国农村居民生活能源优化升级,在全国7省农村家庭抽样调查问卷所得数据的基础上,利用线性支出模型对农村居民生活能源消费的结构现状进行分析.研究表明,农村居民生活能源消费已经步入商品化时期但非商品能源的消费并未停止;煤炭、电力以及液化气等商品能源的消费随收入的增加而增加,而非商品能源（薪柴）沦为劣等品其消费随收入的增加而减少;电力以及煤炭的家庭人均消费支出较多;薪柴、煤炭、电力以及液化气的消费需求都随着自身价格的上升而减少,但对价格的变化都不太敏感,煤炭、电力以及液化气等商品能源间存在着互补关系,薪柴与其他种类的能源之间存在着明显的替代关系.     

松木粉／聚醚砜树脂复合材料的制备及选择性激光烧结试验

以松木粉、聚醚砜树脂为材料,用SHR－10A型高速混合机制备松木粉／聚醚砜树脂复合粉末;用HRPS－ⅢA型激光粉末烧结快速成型机,遴选出复合粉末可用于选择性激光烧结工艺参数及适宜的预热温度,烧结成型。测量了不同松木粉质量比对复合粉末力学性能的影响,观察并测量了输入不同的能量密度时,烧结试件的成型效果和力学性能。结果表明：随着松木粉质量比的增加,木塑复合材料的力学性能降低。对于松木粉质量比为20％的木塑复合粉末,当输入的能量密度为0．128 J／mm3时,复合粉末即可成型;当输入的能量密度为0．312 J／mm3时,木塑复合材料的拉伸强度达到4．8465 MPa,弯曲强度为8．2152 MPa,冲击强度为1．2574 MPa,此时力学性能最强;若输入的能量密度大于0．312 J／mm3时,出现过烧现象,力学性能下降。采用扫描电镜对烧结件断面的形貌进行了表征。     

能源草发酵产沼气的研究进展

针对当前世界能源的利用情况,分析了能源草经厌氧发酵生产生物质能——沼气的可行性,并从能源草的资源收集及培育、原料草种植及收获、原料预处理、微生物接种物类别、发酵条件控制以及气体成分分析等6个方面综述了国内外的研究进展,并对其发展前景做出展望。     

Effect of temperature on growth and energy budget of juvenile cobia (Rachycentron canadum)

Growth and energy budget of juvenile cobia (initial body weight ∼ 22 g) at various temperatures (23, 27, 31 and 35 °C) were investigated in this study. Maximal ration level (RL_max, %/day) increased as temperature (T, °C) increased from 23 °C to 31 °C but decreased at 35 °C, described as a quadratic equation: RL_max = −0.023T² + 1.495T − 17.52. Faecal production (f, mg g^− 1 day^− 1) increased with increased temperature (T, °C), described as a power function: lnf = 0.738lnT − 0.806. As temperature increased, feed absorption efficiency in dry weight (FAE_d, %), protein (FAE_p, %) and energy (FAE_e, %) all increased first and then decreased, but the variation of feed absorption efficiency was small, with ranges of 89.59-91.08%, 92.91-94.71%, 93.92-95.32%, respectively. Specific growth rate in wet weight (SGR_w, %/day), dry weight (SGR_d, %/day), protein (SGR_p, %/day) and energy (SGR_e, %/day) showed a domed curve relative to temperature (T, °C), described as quadratic equations: SGR_w = − 0.068T² + 3.878T − 50.53, SGR_d = − 0.079T² + 4.536T −59.64, SGR_p = − 0.084T² + 4.783T − 63.08 and SGR_e = − 0.082T² + 4.654T − 60.99, and SGR_w, SGR_d, SGR_p and SGR_e maximized at 28.5 °C, 28.6 °C, 28.4 °C, 28.5 °C, respectively, as calculated from the regression equations. The relationships between feed conversion efficiency in wet weight (FCE_w, %), dry weight (FCE_d, %), protein (FCE_p, %), energy (FCE_e, %) and temperature (T, °C) also took on a domed curve described as quadratic equations: FCE_w = − 0.726T² + 39.71T − 473.8, FCE_d = − 0.276T² + 15.31T − 190.6, FCE_p = − 0.397T² + 22.05T − 277.9 and FCE_e = − 0.350T² + 19.39T − 239.9, and FCE_w, FCE_d, FCE_p and FCE_e maximized at 27.4 °C, 27.8 °C, 27.7 °C and 27.7 °C, respectively, as calculated from the regression equations. Energy budget of juvenile cobia fed satiation was 100C = 5F + 67(U + R) + 28G at water temperature 27 °C and 100C = 5F + 70(U + R) + 25G at water temperature 31 °C, where C is food energy, F is faeces energy, (U + R) is excretion energy and metabolism energy, and G is growth energy.     

Strahlungsnutzung durch Bestände ölreicher Körnerfruchtarten — Winterraps, Öllein und Sonnenblume im Vergleich

Radiation use by oil seed crops — a comparison of winter rape, linseed and sunflower For the production of grain crops rich in oil, winter rape, linseed and sunflower are similarly suitable at many arable locations. We wanted to compare the extent to which radiation (PAR) is intercepted and utilized by the individual species for dry matter and yield production. For this purpose, a 2‐year field experiment comprising the factors genotype, N fertilization and soil tillage was conducted. For five phases of crop development, growth rates (CGR, RGR and NAR) and PAR utilization were calculated. At full ripeness, total dry matter, grain, oil and energy yields, the crop‐ and year‐specific PAR supply, its interception and utilization for dry matter production and the resulting energy binding were determined. Due to the different individual vegetation periods, the PAR supply of the crops differed. The crop assimilation areas also differed, with values for winter rape and sunflower higher than those for linseed. The yield productivity of winter rape and sunflower was also higher than that of linseed. N fertilization increased yield to different extents for the different crops. On average, winter rape and sunflower produced the same amounts of dry matter and energy yield. Due to a higher harvest index, sunflower had the highest grain yield, and because the oil concentration in grain was comparatively high sunflower produced the highest oil yield, too. Under cool and wet climate conditions, however, the productivity of sunflower is offset by a relatively high yield risk because of uncertain ripening. The highest PAR utilization by linseed did not compensate for its very short vegetation period in combination with the lowest PAR interception.     

人造板企业减少锅炉SO2排放的途径

介绍了减少锅炉SO2排放的基本途径与主要方法,重点分析了这些方法在人造板企业的适用性.