猪流感的再认识

猪流感是由流感病毒引起猪的急性呼吸道传染病。本文评述了猪流 进化、种间传播、公共卫生意义,认为猪流感在人流感和禽流感之间发挥着关键性作用,堪作研究人流感的动物模型和流感大流行的预警信号,建议重亲高猪流感。     

Transmissibility of the contagious equine metritis organism for the cat

A group of SPF cats were moderately susceptible to the causal organism of contagious equine metritis (CEM) following intra-uterine or intrapreputial challenge with an Irish streptomycin resistant strain isolated from a clinically infected mare. Subclinical infections were established in only 50% of the cats, none of which became long-term carriers of the organism. Cytological examination of vaginal smears was of no diagnostic value in confirming infection in inapparently infected cats. Bacteriological responses after primary or secondary challenge with the CEM organism were essentially similar, with one exception, a female cat in which there was possible evidence of local immunity persisting after the primary infection. Efforts to reactivate shedding subsequent to the immediate post-challenge period were unsuccessful. Throughout the experimental period, the cats remained sero-negative to the complement-fixation test, and they failed to develop any significant increase in the levels of antibody activity as measured by the kinetics-based ELISA or KELA system. On day 89 after primary challenge, the cats were euthanized and various sites in the genitourinary tract and the internal iliac lymphatic glands subjected to bacteriological and pathological examination for evidence of CEM infection with negative results. The findings of this study, although establishing the transmissibility of the CEM organism for the cat, demonstrate the limited value of this species as an experimental model system for the disease in the horse.     

变温条件下不同投喂水平对施氏鲟幼鱼消化酶、代谢酶和抗氧化酶活性的影响

本试验旨在研究变温条件下不同投喂水平对施氏鲟幼鱼消化酶、代谢酶和抗氧化酶活性的影响。试验水温设恒温[(22.0±0.1)℃]和变温[(22±2)℃]2种模式,并根据投喂水平分为6组,分别为恒温100%饱食组(HW-100组)、变温100%饱食组(BW-100组)、变温90%饱食组(BW-90组)、变温80%饱食组(BW-80组)、变温70%饱食组(BW-70组)、变温60%饱食组(BW-60组)。将平均体重为(34.9±0.8)g的施氏鲟幼鱼随机分为6组,每组4个重复,每个重复15尾鱼,养殖周期为42 d。结果表明:变温条件下,在60%~80%范围内,随着投喂水平的降低,胃及瓣肠蛋白酶活性均显著升高(P0.05)。与HW-100组相比,BW-60组与BW-70组的胃和瓣肠蛋白酶活性均显著升高(P0.05)。变温条件下,十二指肠和瓣肠淀粉酶活性及瓣肠脂肪酶活性均随投喂水平的降低呈先升高后下降的趋势。BW-80组十二指肠淀粉酶活性显著高于HW-100组及BW-100组(P0.05),BW-80组和BW-90组瓣肠淀粉酶活性显著高于其他各组(P0.05)。所有变温投喂组瓣肠脂肪酶活性均显著低于HW-100组(P0.05)。除BW-70组外,各变温投喂组血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)活性均显著高于HW-100组(P0.05)。与HW-100组相比,BW-60组、BW-70组血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著降低(P0.05)。在变温条件下,在60%~90%范围内,鱼体血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和黄嘌呤氧化酶(XOD)活性均随着投喂水平的降低整体呈先下降后上升的趋势,且均在投喂水平为80%时降至最低值。与HW-100组相比,BW-60组、BW-70组及BW-100组血清T-AOC显著升高(P0.05),且BW-60组和BW-90组血清XOD活性显著升高(P0.05)。综上所述,在周期性变温条件下,施氏鲟幼鱼可通过提高蛋白酶活性,即提高对饲料蛋白质消化效率的方式来补偿其对饲料蛋白质摄入的不足。与恒温100%饱食相比,变温条件下各投喂水平均可提高施氏鲟幼鱼血清ALT活性。     

中国大陆猪流感病毒流行特征及未来值得关注的几个问题

控制猪流感病毒（Swineinfluenzavirus,SIV）的流行具有重要的兽医学和公共卫生学意义。中国被认为是国际流感病毒的流行中心,对流感病毒的流行生态有着重要影响。本文将对中国大陆SIV流行特征做一归纳,并简要分析未来值得关注的几个问题。     

立枯丝核菌对马铃薯侵染过程的显微结构观察与胞壁降解酶活性的测定

由立枯丝核菌引起的马铃薯茎溃疡病(黑痣病)已成为限制甘肃省马铃薯产业健康发展的主要土传病害之一。本研究在盆栽试验条件下将病原菌接种于马铃薯植株的茎基部,显微观察侵染过程,并测定了胞壁降解酶活性的变化。结果表明,土壤中接种病原菌后,马铃薯侵染顺序依次为:芽-茎-根-匍匐茎-块茎;接菌12 h后菌丝开始附着寄主表面,36 h后形成附着胞,48 h后形成侵染垫;电镜下可见,细胞壁变形、断裂,细胞膜破损,质体结构变形,细胞质溶解和质壁分离等;纤维素酶(Cx)、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)和果胶甲基半乳糖醛酸酶(PMG)的活性高达1.7,2.9和3.1 μg/(h·g),显著高于对照,尤其是PG和PMG的活性,为对照的两倍。这些酶活性的提高可能与组织坏死有关。     

Pathological changes,distribution and detection of Brucella melitensis in foetuses of experimentally-infected does

BackgroundBrucellosis of goats is caused by Brucella melitensis. It is a re-emerging zoonotic disease in many countries due to transmission from domestic animals and wildlife such as ibex, deer and wild buffaloes.ObjectiveTo describe the pathological changes, identification and distribution of B. melitensis in foetuses of experimentally infected does.MethodsTwelve female goats of approximately 90 days pregnant were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 was exposed intra-conjunctival to 100 µL of sterile PBS while goats of Groups 2, 3 and 4 were similarly exposed to 100 µL of an inoculum containing 10⁹ CFU/mL of live B. melitensis. Goats of these groups were killed at 15, 30 and 60 days post-inoculation, respectively. Foetal fluid and tissues were collected for bacterial identification (using direct bacterial culture, PCR and immuno-peroxidase staining) and histopathological examination.ResultsBilateral intra-conjunctival exposure of pregnant does resulted in in-utero infection of the foetuses. All full-term foetuses of group 4 were either aborted or stillborn, showing petechiations of the skin or absence of hair coat with subcutaneous oedema. The internal organs showed most severe lesions. Immune-peroxidase staining revealed antigen distribution in all organs that became most extensive in group 4. Brucella melitensis was successfully isolated from the stomach content, foetal fluid and various other organs.ConclusionVertical transmission of caprine brucellosis was evident causing mild to moderate lesions in different organs. The samples of choice for isolation and identification of B. melitensis are stomach content as well as liver and spleen tissue.     

Novell网络环境下数据库软件的开发与研制

在局域Ｎｏｖｅｌ网络环境下开发数据库软件，首先应该解决存放在网络服务器中的数据库能够被多个工作站上的用户并行使用，必须正确处理数据库打开失败及数据库记录加锁失败等在网络上经常遇到的难题，同时必须建立良好的系统配置，以提高网络的工作效率。     

察右前旗高店乡农牧业生产结构优化模型宏设计及实施效益评价

本文采用系统工程的方法，建立了察右前旗高宏店乡牧业生产结构优化模型，通过对优化方案分析，建立了实施模型的有效控制机制，并对实施效益进行了评价。     

Transmission of Theileria parva in the Traditional Farming Sector in the Southern Province of Zambia during 1997–1998

The incidence of first contact with the protozoan Theileria parva was determined in two traditional cattle herds in the Southern Province of Zambia during a period of average rainfall in 1997 and 1998, following a drought in the previous two years. Compared to that period, there was a marked increase in the number of rainy season first contacts attributable to transmission by Rhipicephalus appendiculatus adults. However, there were still more dry season contacts that resulted from nymphal transmission. These results highlight the important role that climate plays in the transmission of theileriosis in the Southern Province of Zambia.     

地下水源热泵变流量运行方式区域适宜性

从地下水源热泵运行＂安全性＂角度出发,对3个不同气候区典型城市的办公建筑采用地下水源热泵变流量运行方式对含水层参数变化特性的影响进行研究.采用数值模拟研究方法对地下水源热泵在不同运行方式下取水系统井壁处孔隙率和渗透系数的变化特性进行研究,对地下水源热泵运行方式的区域适宜性进行了分析.研究结果表明：在寒冷地区、严寒地区和夏热冬冷地区分别采用地下水源热泵变流量运行方式运行5 a后对含水层孔隙率的影响程度与定流量运行方式相比分别减少了45%,48%和44%,对渗透系数的影响程度分别减少了48%,51%和46%;在考虑气候区对建筑负荷特性影响时,地下水源热泵采用变流量运行方式的区域适宜性由高到低分别为严寒地区、寒冷地区和夏热冬冷地区.