氮钾配施对大蒜增产效应的研究

1999～2001年连续三年多点试验结果表明:在安徽省来安县大蒜产区水稻土上氮钾配施对大蒜产量及品质都有明显的正效应,蒜苔增产24.2%～29.2%,蒜头增产17.3%～18.9%。氮钾肥的产量效应与土壤的氮钾水平和氮钾比例密切相关。氮肥的适宜用量为N300～375kg/hm2,钾肥为K2O150kg/hm2。回归方程计算显示,大蒜产区的土壤临界钾素含量为101μg/ml,氮素临界含量为46μg/ml(ASI法测定)。氮钾配施并能提高蒜苗、蒜苔维生素C及可溶性糖含量。增施钾肥对大蒜的经济效益明显提高,产投比为11.07～13.26。     

不同因素对水稻离体根吸收四价硒影响

研究结果显示,pH对水稻离体根吸收4价硒(Se)有显著影响,这与不同pH下4价Se的存在形式有关。进一步研究表明,低温抑制4价Se吸收和一定浓度的NaCl促进4价Se吸收,可能在于低温和NaCl影响到根内代谢而间接影响4价Se吸收,而P抑制4价Se吸收可能与二者拥有共同吸附位点有关。     

三江平原典型碟形湿地土壤氮素分布特征

以三江平原典型碟形沼泽湿地为研究对象,分析了湿地土壤氮素的分布特征和影响因素,及其与湿地演替的关系。结果表明:土壤TN和NH4+-N含量在碟形湿地内的分布规律是一致的,均表现为随着湿地水位的降低而逐渐降低,随着土壤深度的增加而降低。受水位波动的影响沼泽化小叶章湿地土壤NO3--N含量降低明显,而永久淹水湿地表层土壤该形态氮含量较下层高。碟形湿地土壤各形态氮素的分布受到土壤有机质含量、水分特征、生物量分布特征等多种因素的影响。     

热害对67个籼型杂交组合结实率的影响

对67个籼型杂交组合进行高温处理,各组合的结实率均出现不同程度的降低,降幅均达极显著水平,结实率大于60%且结实率降幅小于30%的组合有8个,占供试组合总数的11.94%。研究还表明,热害对籼型杂交组合结实率的影响与其亲缘有关。     

河北日光温室气象灾害影响和气象服务评估

通过问卷形式,对河北省日光温室蔬菜生产经销者和技术人员对气象服务的满意度,低温冻害、寡照、大风、雪灾4种主要气象灾害对日光温室蔬菜产量、品质、贮藏、运输、销售的影响率,用于日光温室气象灾害防御及补救的费用占所有气象灾害防御和补救费用百分率,以及菜农接受气象服务的投入占收成的百分率等进行调查,并利用德尔菲法对气象灾害防御和补救费用及气象服务的效益进行定量化评估.结果表明,多数被调查者认为低温冻害和寡照对日光温室蔬菜产量和品质有较大影响,其中认为低温冻害影响率大于15％的人数分别占45.6％、53.7％,认为寡照灾害影响率大于15％的人数分别占37.8％、35.4％,认为大风和雪灾的影响相对较小;70％以上的人认为大风和寡照对日光温室蔬菜贮藏、运输和销售的影响率在20％以下,超过50％的人认为低温冻害对蔬菜贮藏影响率大于30％,认为雪灾对蔬菜贮藏、运输和销售的影响率大于30％的人数分别占31.0％、63.9％和53.0％.被调查者对日光温室4种主要气象灾害的气象服务满意度均达96％以上.对大风、低温冻害、寡照和雪灾的防御和补救的费用占所有气象灾害防御及补救费用的平均百分率分别为20.3％、15.8％、13.0％和19.4％,4种灾害的气象服务平均贡献率分别为3.08％、2.25％、1.90％和2.55％.按近l0a（2004-2013）河北省日光温室蔬菜产业年平均生产总值计算,大风灾害气象服务效益最高,平均每年达2.941亿元,其它依次为雪灾、低温冻害和寡照,总效益平均每年达9.340亿元.     

高丹草对波本杂羔羊的饲喂效果比较

试验选用16只波本杂F1代羔羊,按体重、性别、日龄配对分成2组,在基础饲料相同的情况下,试验组饲喂高丹草(乐食),对照组饲喂皇竹草。通过30天对比饲养试验,结果表明:试验组羔羊的平均日增重(113 g)略优于对照组(109 g),但差异不显著(P>0.05)。从而认为,高丹草饲养羔羊的效果与皇竹草相近。     

Determinants of annual fluxes of CO2 and N2O in long-term no-tillage and conventional tillage systems in northern France

The greenhouse gases CO₂ and N₂O emissions were quantified in a long-term experiment in northern France, in which no-till (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) had been differentiated during 32 years in plots under a maize–wheat rotation. Continuous CO₂ and periodical N₂O soil emission measurements were performed during two periods: under maize cultivation (April 2003–July 2003) and during the fallow period after wheat harvest (August 2003–March 2004). In order to document the dynamics and importance of these emissions, soil organic C and mineral N, residue decomposition, soil potential for CO₂ emission and climatic data were measured. CO₂ emissions were significantly larger in NT on 53% and in CT on 6% of the days. From April to July 2003 and from November 2003 to March 2004, the cumulated CO₂ emissions did not differ significantly between CT and NT. However, the cumulated CO₂ emissions from August to November 2003 were considerably larger for NT than for CT. Over the entire 331 days of measurement, CT and NT emitted 3160 ± 269 and 4064 ± 138 kg CO₂-C ha⁻¹, respectively. The differences in CO₂ emissions in the two tillage systems resulted from the soil climatic conditions and the amounts and location of crop residues and SOM. A large proportion of the CO₂ emissions in NT over the entire measurement period was probably due to the decomposition of old weathered residues. NT tended to emit more N₂O than CT over the entire measurement period. However differences were statistically significant in only half of the cases due to important variability. N₂O emissions were generally less than 5 g N ha⁻¹ day⁻¹, except for a few dates where emission increased up to 21 g N ha⁻¹ day⁻¹. These N₂O fluxes represented 0.80 ± 0.15 and 1.32 ± 0.52 kg N₂O-N ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ for CT and NT, respectively. Depending on the periods, a large part of the N₂O emissions occurred was probably induced by nitrification, since soil conditions were not favorable for denitrification. Finally, for the period of measurement after 32 years of tillage treatments, the NT system emitted more greenhouses gases (CO₂ and N₂O) to the atmosphere on an annual basis than the CT system.     

空气相对湿度对野生葡萄的生理影响研究

试验研究气温30℃、不同空气相对湿度(60%、70%、80%、90%、100%)条件下“华东葡萄”和“里扎马特”野生葡萄叶片水势、气孔开度、蒸腾速率、电导率、脯氨酸与丙二醛含量及过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性变化结果表明,随湿度的增加,“华东葡萄”和“里扎马特”叶片水势增加,而电导率、蒸腾速率、丙二醛含量和过氧化物酶活性下降,脯氨酸含量和超氧化物歧化酶活性则先降后升。“里扎马特”在相对湿度为70%~80%、“华东葡萄”在相对湿度为80%~90%时脯氨酸含量和超氧化物歧化酶活性值均最低,可初步认定其是二者最适生长湿度。     

稀土肥料在温室草莓栽培中的应用研究

探讨了不同稀土肥料在日光温室中草莓的增产效果,结果表明:采用稀土肥料浸根,浓度以200~300 mg/kg为宜,喷施浓度以300~400 mg/kg为宜。     

气象条件对湄潭春季绿茶物候期影响研究

在湄潭县兴隆镇接官坪茶山选取观测点,进行茶树物候期、气象要素的收集,同时每隔3～4d进行品质的测试,研究气象条件对绿茶物候期的影响.结果表明,2013年茶树从萌发初期到采摘期间相对提前10～20 d.