南水北调中线MBR-AOP系统处理农村生活污水的试验研究

在南水北调中线湖北十堰水源区,采用膜生物反应器(MBR)与高级氧化消毒(AOP)技术相结合的组合工艺MBR-AOP系统处理农村生活污水,考察了该工艺对CODCr、BOD5、NH3-N和浊度的降解效果,实验结果表明,在水温大于20℃、pH在6～8的条件下,工艺对CODCr、BOD5、NH3-N和浊度的降解效果好,平均降解率分别为96.4％、95.1％、94.3％和99.1％,出水CODCr为8.6～26.2 mg/L,BOD5为5.2～17.2 mg/L,NH3-N为1.8～3.9 mg/L,浊度均小于1 NTU,水质优于生活污水排放标准(GB 18918-2002)和农田灌溉水质标准(GB 5084-2005).     

除氮生物反应器净化农田排水的研究及应用潜力分析

农田排水氮素输出是造成水环境污染的重要原因。近年来涌现的生物反应器除氮技术通过在排水末端增设固体碳源装置,将农田排水部分或全部导入后,使其中的硝态氮通过反硝化反应得到去除。该文回顾了国际上现有生物反应器净化农田排水的研究进展,并分析了农田生物反应器在中国南方湿润区应用的潜力。现有研究结果表明,除氮生物反应器可以有效净化排水水质,平均每年可降低23%～98%的氮素负荷;是一种占地面积少且水质净化效率高的农田控污措施。生物反应器的除氮效果与农田排水过程密切相关,并受到介质特性、入流、出流条件以及环境因子等的影响。中国南方平原作物生长及排水过程相对集中,气象等环境条件非常适于生物反应器的反硝化反应。如何因地制宜确定反应器安装位置与设计尺寸,筛选填料介质,并通过对排水过程的调控来优化生物反应器的除氮效果是需要进一步研究的问题。生物反应器系统后期管理与内部反应动态监测是保证系统正常运行的重要手段。利用生物反应器来净化农田排水具有良好的应用前景,该文可为推动生物反应器在中国的应用研究以及排水污染治理提供理论依据与技术支撑。     

厌氧颗粒污泥膨胀床(EGSB)反应器处理生活污水中试研究

采用规模为240 m3.d-1的厌氧颗粒污泥膨胀床(EGSB)反应器对生活污水进行研究。试验结果表明:采用此系统处理生活污水,出水水质良好。COD的去除率在73%~90%之间,出水的COD值小于70 mg.L-1,SS的去除率在70%~95%之间,停留时间为2 h的产气率在1.26 m3.m-3d-1,出水的氨氮、乙酸值比进水的高;硝酸根离子出水值比进水值低。     

神经网络在厌氧消化过程中的模拟应用

本文对神经网络在厌氧消化过程中的模拟应用作了系统综述。稳定性是厌氧反应器性能的关键指标之一，由于反应器不可避免地受到各种负荷的冲击，稳定性常常会被破坏。找出一种合适的模型来模拟反应器在冲击负荷下性能变化情况从而更好地控制反应器，具有重要的实际意义。神经网络以其非线性、自适应性、并行性以及较强的容错能力等优点，受到人们的重视，神经网络在厌氧消化过程中的模拟应用取得了比较满意的结果。     

EGSB厌氧系统处理瓜尔豆胶生产废水的研究

用EGSB厌氧反应器处理了食品工业中用量最大的添加剂之一——瓜尔豆胶的生产废水。结果显示:本研究所用的EGSB厌氧系统处理瓜尔豆胶生产废水,在容积COD负荷达18kgCOD.m-3d-1(进水COD浓度为30000mg.L-1)时,去除率可稳定在80%以上;出水的pH稳定在7.5左右;容积产气率随容积负荷的提高而逐渐升高,COD负荷达到18kg.m-3d-1时,平均沼气产量为22L.0.5d-1,每公斤COD平均可产生0.54m3沼气;沼气中的甲烷含量最高可达到82%。     

多基因表达家蚕生物反应器组装甲型H1N1流感病毒样颗粒的研究

我国的家蚕资源丰富,利用家蚕生物反应器制备甲型流感病毒样颗粒疫苗,可促进我国桑蚕产业发展。用多基因表达家蚕生物反应器,首次构建了同时携带3个甲型H1N1流感病毒基因的重组家蚕杆状病毒,并成功在家蚕体内装配出甲型H1N1流感病毒样颗粒。为应用开发甲流感病毒全价疫苗提供一种新方法。     

泛素与融合表达

泛素广泛存在于真核生物中,是高度保守的低分子量蛋白.近年来,外源基因与泛素融合以增强表达效率的研究,成为解决生物反应器目标产物含量低问题的热点之一.本文简述泛素及其结构,综述近年泛素与融合表达的研究进展.     

Application of Activated Carbon Sponge-Dynamic Membrane Bioreactor in Transformation of Wastewater Treatment

Dynamic membrane bioreactor (DMBR) based on activated carbon sponge materials was studied and developed independently. The pollutant removal efficiency and operational characteristics were investigated in detail, and the feasibility of DMBR application in transformation of real wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) was discussed by comparing the effluents. Results showed that the concentrations of COD, NH3-N, TN and TP in effluents were below 35.0 mg/L, 1.4 mg/L, 10.2 mg/L and 0.3 mg/L, respectively, with the HRT of 8 h and MLSS of 8 000 mg/L. The ultimate effluent was qualified to standard A of “Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant” (GB 18918-2002). Adsorption of activated carbon and the spatial structure of sponge synergistically strengthen the pollutant removal. DMBR can be used in upgrading and transformation of WWTP by replacing the existing advanced treatment process. The flux of the DMBR was recovered by intensified aeration backwashing and maintained steadily at the level of 30 L/(m 2·h).     

Genetic diversity of nitrate reducing bacteria in marine and brackish water nitrifying bacterial consortia generated for activating nitrifying bioreactors in recirculating aquaculture systems

Nitrate reducing potency of 88 bacterial isolates segregated from marine and brackish water nitrifying bacterial consortia (NBC), generated for activation of nitrifying bioreactors, was confirmed by determining the nitrate reducing capability under aerobic conditions as maintained in nitrifying bioreactors. All the isolates had the potential to be used as bio‐augmentors for activating nitrate dissimilation in recirculating aquaculture system. The existence of nitrate reducers with nitrifiers in NBC and in the reactor configuration negates the requirement of integrating anoxic denitrifying system for effective removal of NO₃^?‐N. Phylogenetic analyses of representative isolates from each cluster of the dendrograms generated based on phenotypic characterization and amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis revealed profound diversity of nitrate reducing bacterial flora in the NBC. They were composed of Streptomyces enissocaesilis, Marinobacter sp., Pseudomonas sp., Microbacterium oxydans, Pelagibacterium halotolerans and Alcanivorax dieselolei from marine NBC and Streptomyces tendae, Nesterenkonia sp., Bacillus cereus, Microbacterium oxydans and Brevibacterium sp. from brackish water NBC. The diversity indices of the consortia were calculated using Mega 5.0, primer 7 and VITCOMIC softwares. Marine NBC exhibited higher Shannon wiener diversity and mean population diversity than brackish water NBC. The study delineated higher species richness and diversity in marine NBC than in its brackish water counterpart, a possible reflection of the higher biodiversity of marine systems, and hence, the former is more promising to be used as start‐up cultures for the activation of nitrifying bioreactors after appropriate acclimatization to the desired salinity.     

不同秸秆生物反应堆对日光温室黄瓜生长环境及产量的影响

【目的】对4种秸秆生物反应堆技术在日光温室黄瓜上的应用效果进行比较,筛选出最适合延安地区温室黄瓜种植的秸秆生物反应堆技术。【方法】选取延安地区最常用的行间内置式、行下内置式、外置式和外置式+行间内置式4种秸秆生物反应堆技术,分别测定其对日光温室内CO2体积分数、室内气温、地温及黄瓜农艺性状、产量和抗病性等指标的影响,以不用秸秆生物反应堆技术为对照,对其效果进行综合评价。【结果】与对照相比,4种秸秆生物反应堆技术均能增加温室内CO2体积分数,提高室温和地温,改善农艺性状,提高黄瓜产量。其中,外置式+行间内置式反应堆在提高温室内CO2体积分数(09:00和11:30)及黄瓜株高、茎粗、产量和缩短收获时间方面表现最为明显,温室内CO2体积分数分别较对照提高了160.0%(09:00)、170.8%(11:30),黄瓜株高、茎粗、产量分别提高了13.8cm,1.1mm和34.6%,收获时间缩短了6d;该技术在提高室温、黄瓜根部10cm地温及降低白粉病和霜霉病病情指数等方面也有较好表现,室温、黄瓜根部10cm地温分别较对照提高了1.9和2.9℃,白粉病和霜霉病病情指数分别降低1.4和1.7。【结论】在延安地区黄瓜日光温室栽培中,外置式+行间内置式秸秆生物反应堆技术综合表现最为突出,可以进行示范推广。