不同种类柑橘果实氨基酸组成及营养品质评价

为探明不同品种宽皮柑橘果肉的特征性香气物质,以芦柑、温州蜜柑、红桔、瓯柑、砂糖橘的果肉为研究对象,基于GC-MS共分离鉴定出65种香气物质,其中d-柠檬烯含量最高占56.34~85.98%。采用香气活性值法和主成分分析法,确定温州蜜柑的特征香气物质为反式-β-罗勒烯、(E)-2-壬烯醛、橙花醛、香叶基丙酮,红桔为香叶醛、(-)-4-松油醇、α-萜品烯、辛醛、α-萜品醇、芳樟醇、β-香茅醇、β-月桂烯、?-萜品烯,瓯柑为顺式-β-罗勒烯、d-柠檬烯、β-水芹烯,砂糖橘为β-香茅醛、癸醛、紫苏醛、(E)-2-己烯醛,而芦柑仅有α-金合欢烯。这些特征香气性物质的差异,形成宽皮柑橘独特的风味特征。     

绿色低碳视域下长江经济带耕地生态外溢价值评估及时空变化分析

为推进长江经济带耕地保护和绿色低碳发展,利用当量因子法、环境成本法等测算耕地生态服务价值和负外部性价值,结合耕地生态足迹和生态承载力,将长江经济带11省（直辖市）划分为盈余区、平衡区与赤字区,对耕地生态外溢价值进行评估,并分析时空变化特征。结果显示：（1）2011-2021年长江经济带耕地生态价值总量呈上升趋势,由3 670.37亿元上涨至4 661.55亿元,耕地生态外溢价值缓慢上升,由1 353.82亿元上涨至1 970.77亿元。（2）长江经济带耕地资源整体处于盈余状态,耕地生态价值总体呈现出“东低西高”的态势,四川省耕地生态价值和盈余量最高,上海市耕地生态价值最低。（3）2011-2021年间,浙江省和上海市处于耕地生态赤字区,四川省处于耕地生态高盈余区,重庆市和贵州省处于耕地生态平衡状态,江西省、安徽省和江苏省耕地生态盈亏无显著变化,云南省和湖北省耕地生态盈余水平有所上升,湖南省耕地生态盈余水平有所下降。基于此,长江经济带各省（直辖市）应充分利用自身资源和优势,制定和实施适应性的耕地保护策略,推动耕地资源的可持续利用,为实现长江经济带的生态优先、绿色低碳发展目标做出贡献。     

基于地表高光谱与OLI影像的土壤含盐量和pH值估测

针对宁夏银北地区大面积土壤盐碱化监测的需要,利用实测植被冠层光谱与Landsat 8 OLI影像相结合进行土壤含盐量和pH值估测研究.对实测植被冠层高光谱与影像多光谱反射率进行倒数、对数、三角函数及其一阶微分等一系列变换,确定最佳光谱变换形式,筛选敏感植被指数和敏感波段,分别建立基于实测植被光谱与Landsat 8 O...     

分户热计量系统中室内温度的分析

根据分户热计量系统的供热特点,提出了分户热计量系统中室内设计计算温度的最佳值和适合我国国情的适用设计值;并给出了在调节过程中流量变化系数与室温变化之间的数学关系式。     

北京鹫峰地区松栎混交群落结构与物种多样性

利用在北京鹫峰地区设置的8个样方的调查资料,对该地区松栎混交群落结构及物种多样性进行了分析研究。结果表明:群落土壤呈微酸性,自然肥力较低;调查共计维管束植物58种,隶属于36科56属,其中乔木树种占主导地位,植株的最大密度为1 975株/hm2;生活型谱以高位芽植物最多,1年生草本植物比例居中,反映出群落水分条件一般;群落结构分明,乔木层、灌木层和草本层层次清晰;乔木以栓皮栎占绝对优势,其重要值最高,优势度明显;乔木层物种多样性指数不高,群落物种丰富度和多样性指数主要受灌木层和草本层影响,群落处于恢复前期;群落的物种丰富度、物种多样性指数和均匀度指数反映出基本一致的趋势,不同层次的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson优秀度指数、种间相遇机率和Pielou均匀度指数的趋势基本上是草本层>灌木层>乔木层。     

菲律宾蛤仔对石油烃的污染动力学和阈值研究

以食用菲律宾蛤仔为研究对象,采用半静态动力学富集实验方法,探讨双壳贝类对石油烃的污染动力学特征。结果表明:经过4d石油烃在贝体和水环境之间达到稳态平衡;生物富集系数(BCF)为545;浓度为0.068 mg/L的石油烃水体组,富集平衡后贝体内的石油烃含量高于贝体内的石油烃异味阈值(25~30mg/kg)。参考USEPA、GB18421-2001等关于双壳贝类中石油烃限量的规定,根据石油多环芳烃的毒力机理,把菲律宾蛤仔对石油烃污染的安全阈值定为0.03~0.05mg/L较为合理。     

赤眼鳟和麦瑞加拉鲮的化学组成、能量密度及对鳜的营养价值

为评价赤眼鳟(Squaliobarbus curriculus)和麦瑞加拉鲮(Cirrhinus mrigala)对鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)的营养价值,分别测定了体质量为(5.27±1.03)g的赤眼鳟、(5.05±1.21)g的麦瑞加拉鲮和(5.19±0.92)g的鳜的化学组成,估算了这3种鱼的能量密度,以探讨赤眼鳟代替麦瑞加拉鲮养殖鳜的可行性。结果显示,赤眼鳟和麦瑞加拉鲮的全鱼蛋白质含量显著高于鳜,水分显著低于鳜(P0.05),必需氨基酸指数分别高达92.56%±2.31%和93.17%±0.36%,多数必需氨基酸的化学评分≥0.82。而赤眼鳟的脂肪和能量密度更高,显著高于麦瑞加拉鲮和鳜,灰分显著低于麦瑞加拉鲮(P0.05)。研究表明,这两种鱼对鳜都具有较高的营养价值,但赤眼鳟的营养价值更高,以赤眼鳟代替麦瑞加拉鲮养殖鳜是可行的,这为转变鳜的养殖方式提供了参考。     

自然保护区保护价值与措施探析

自然保护区是生态文明建设的主要阵地,自然保护区的建立、保护、规划、利用等工作不仅可 以保护良好的自然生态系统,还可以发展生态旅游等绿色经济,获取最大的经济效益和生态效益。     

Establishment techniques affect productivity,nutritive value and atmospheric N2 fixation of two sunn hemp cultivars

Nitrogen fertilization is a common practice for sustaining forage production in forage systems in southeastern United States. Warm-season annual legumes may be an alternative forage to warm-season perennial grasses that do not require N fertilization. Sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) is a fast-growing, warm-season annual legume native to India and Pakistan. The objective of this 2-year study was to assess the herbage accumulation (HA), atmospheric N₂ fixation (ANF) and nutritive value of sunn hemp. Treatments were the factorial arrangement of two sunn hemp cultivars (“Crescent Sun” and “Blue Leaf”), three seeding rates (17, 28 and 39 kg seed/ha) and seed inoculation (inoculated or non-inoculated seeds), distributed in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Crescent sun had greater HA (3,218 vs. 1764 kg DM/ha) and ANF (41 vs. 25 kg N/ha). Blue leaf had greater crude protein (CP) (188 vs. 176 g/kg) and in vitro digestible organic matter (IVDOM) concentrations (564 vs. 531 g/kg) than crescent sun. Non-inoculated seed had greater CP than inoculated seed, 188 and 177 g/kg, respectively, and inoculation did not affect HA. Intermediate seeding rate (28 kg/ha) decreased HA (2002 kg DM/ha), while HA from high and low seeding rates (17 and 39 kg/ha, respectively) did not differ (2,863 and 2,615 kg DM/ha respectively). Planting non-inoculated crescent sun at 17 kg/ha seeding rate is a feasible management practice to produce sunn hemp in subtropical regions; however, inoculation should always be recommended for proper establishment.     

A proposal for enhanced EU herbage VCU and DUS testing procedures

Herbage production is regarded as having environment-friendly credentials. However, as the ruminant production it supports is facing major challenges on sustainability, environmental footprint and human health concerns, EU herbage cultivar testing must contribute to the solutions. Before new cultivars can be sold in a member state (MS) and gain EU-wide marketing, they must pass official tests to prove they are both novel (distinct, uniform and stable, DUS) with improved value for cultivation and use (VCU). Herbage species present specific challenges, as their allogamy imposes a wide within-cultivar variation that adds complexity to DUS tests and their “value” is only realized in ruminant produce. Current VCU systems measure production, chemical composition and disease/stress tolerances, often on large numbers of candidate cultivars, but prohibitive labour costs and logistics mean that animal intake, ruminant output or environmental benefits cannot be measured directly. Furthermore, some candidate cultivars with proven superior VCU fail DUS even though the non-distinct comparison is with a significantly lower performing registered cultivar. To resolve these problem cases, a “vmDUS” distinctness tool is proposed, which uses molecular markers but conforms to UPOV-declared principles. A short overview of current grassland research shows smart proxy measures of animal value can easily and quickly be adopted into an integrated pan-European (EU-VCU) test network. The proposed EU-VCU scheme will reallocate test resources to conduct these additional tests by placing MS in data sharing collaborations, while retaining their national listing authority. The benefits to all stakeholders from adopting these new testing procedures are considered.