离心叠片与离心筛网过滤系统性能比较试验

以离心叠片过滤系统和离心筛网过滤系统为研究对象,通过田间模拟试验,对2类过滤系统的水力性能及其泥沙处理能力进行比较研究。结果表明:在能量损耗方面,离心筛网类过滤系统的水力性能优于离心叠片类,过流量越大优势越明显;在泥沙处理方面,离心叠片类过滤系统处理后泥沙分离极限d98明显小于离心筛网类过滤系统,离心叠片类过滤系统泥沙处理能力明显优于离心筛网类过滤系统。该结果可为滴灌过滤系统,特别是小型移动式滴灌过滤系统的合理设计和有效配置提供参考。     

Effects of 6-gingerol on apoptosis of rat nucleus pulposus cells

AIM: To study the effect of 6-gingerol on the apoptosis of rat nucleus pulposus cells and its possible mechanism. METHODS: Rat nucleus pulposus cells were isolated and cultured. The effects of 6-gingerol and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) at different concentrations on the viability of nucleus pulposus cells were measured by CCK-8 assay. After 6-gingerol treatment, the protein level of p-Akt was determined by Western blot. The cells were divided into 4 groups:control group, H₂O₂ group, 6-gingerol group (6-gingerol + H₂O₂) and LY294002 group (6-gingerol + H₂O₂ + LY294002). The apoptotic rate and the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were analyzed by flow cytometry. TUNEL fluorescence staining was used to observe the number of apoptotic cells. The morphological changes of mitochondria were observed under transmission electron microscope, and Western blot was used to determine the protein levels of caspase-3, Bcl-2, Bax, p-Akt, Akt and p53. The mRNA expression of aggrecan and type II collagen was measured by RT-qPCR. RESULTS: The results of CCK-8 assay showed that the optimal concentration of 6-gingerol for promoting the viability of rat nucleus pulposus cells was 24 mg/L, and the exposure condition of H₂O₂ at 80 μmol/L for 6 h was appropriate for establi-shing the cell damage model. 6-Gingerol increased the protein level of p-Akt in a time-dependent manner. The apoptotic rate, ROS level and TUNEL positive cells in H₂O₂ group were significantly increased compared with control group. The mitochondrial edema was obvious in H₂O₂ group compared with control group. The protein levels of pro-apoptotic molecules caspase-3, Bax and p53 were significantly increased, while anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, and mRNA expression of aggrecan and type II collagen were significantly decreased compared with control group (P<0.05). 6-Gingerol exerted a protective effect against H₂O₂-induced apoptosis and promoted the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins. However, this effect was weakened after treatment with PI3K/Akt signaling pathway inhibitor LY294002. CONCLUSION: H₂O₂ induces damage and dysfunction of rat nucleus pulposus cells, and 6-gingerol may inhibit H₂O₂-induced apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells by activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.     

齿盘式棉秆收获机的设计

为提高棉花秸秆机械化回收水平,研究不同参数对棉秆机械化回收的影响,解决棉秆收获机漏拔、拔断率高等突出问题,该文研究设计了一种齿盘式棉秆收获机。齿盘式棉秆收获机由悬挂装置、限深轮、拔秆装置、排秆装置、液压系统组成。该机关键部件为齿盘式拔秆装置,作业时通过齿盘将棉秆起出,随后通过排秆装置将棉秆排至地表。棉秆的漏拔率、拔断率是评价齿盘式棉秆收获机作业性能的主要指标,通过Box-Behnken的中心组合试验方法对齿盘式棉秆收获机的工作参数进行研究,设计了三因素三水平二次回归正交试验,以齿盘的直径、齿盘速比、起拔高度为影响因素,建立响应面三维模型。分析得出各因素对作业质量的影响,同时对影响因素进行综合优化。结果表明:起拔高度、齿盘速比对棉秆拔断率影响显著(P0.01),起拔高度、齿盘直径及齿盘速比对棉秆漏拔率影响显著(P0.01),优化后的最优工作参数组合为起拔高度66.2 mm、齿盘直径627.59 mm、齿盘速比0.57。大田试验结果表明,在工作参数为起拔高度70 mm、齿盘直径630 mm、齿盘速比0.57作业条件下,棉秆拔断率达到1.5%,棉秆漏拔率3.0%,与理论推导值对比误差均小于4%。研究结果可为齿盘式棉秆收获机的结构完善设计和作业参数优化提供参考。     

某轻型载货汽车盘式制动系统设计

本文对制动器制动力分配系数进行了研究.根据不同的制动力分配系数,制动强度以及前、后轴利用附着系数的关系,绘制汽车利用附着系数与制动强度关系图,并选择合适的制动力分配系数.通过对盘式制动器进行计算,设计合理的制动系统.计算表明该制动系统参数满足汽车在良好路面上的制动要求.     

驱动圆盘犁田间测力无线传输数据采集系统

驱动圆盘犁田间测力无线传输数据采集系统采用AT89S52单片机作为控制器,采用AD7730作为信号处理核心器件,将动态应变仪及数据采集器的功能集成在该系统中,使得测试系统更简化.试验结果表明,该系统在精度、稳定性和可靠性等方面均能较好地满足田间测力试验的要求,可用于1至8个通道的田间测力试验.     

菊花叶片离体高效再生体系的建立

本文报道了以菊花叶片为外植体，诱导植株再生，建立高效植株再生体系。获得诱导愈伤组织、芽和根的最佳培养基。在有6-BA、NAA的MS培养基上获得较高的愈伤组织诱导率，在有2，4-D的培养基上其愈伤组织诱导率很低。带有愈伤组织的外植体转移到有6-BA、NAA的MS培养基上催化芽的产生，并筛选出能直接诱导芽再生的培养基(MS 6-BA(3mg／L) NAA(1mg／L))。AgNO3可明显提高芽的再生率。茎段在1／2MS和有IBA或NAA的1／2MS培养基上诱导生根。生根的小苗在温室里生长良好。     

圆盘式切碎器刀片刃线型式的试验研究

本文对自行设计的直线刃刀片、偏心圆弧刃刀片、等滑切角曲线刃刀片等3种刀片型式,按正交试验方案,在盘刀切碎器实验台上进行了测试研究,分别测得其切割力和切割阻力短。对试验结果用极差分析法和方差分析法分别进行了统计分析.确定了主次因素,优等水平和最优组合条件.得出等滑切角曲线刃刀片比另两组刀片有切割阻力、切割阻力短小且阻力短变化均匀、切割性能好、耗能低等优点。从而确认等滑切角刃线刀片为优良的盘刀切碎器刀片.     

THE RADIOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF THORACOLUMBAR DISC DISEASE IN THE DACHSHUND

The accuracy of survey radiographs in the diagnosis of acute thoracolumbar disc disease in 36 Dachshunds was determined by comparison with lumbar myelographic findings using iohexol. The value of making radiographs immediately after injection of contrast medium and the effectiveness of oblique radiographs in determining the exact circumferential distribution of extruding or protruding disc material were assessed. The presence of a double contrast medium column, resistance to injection and the presence of cerebrospinal fluid flow during needle placement was also evaluated. The location of the affected disc was accurately determined on survey radiographs in only 26 dogs. The myelographic technique used in this study resulted in the correct intervertebral space being identified, together with the exact circumferential distribution of disc material, in 35 dogs. Survey radiographs alone are inadequate for localization of protruding or extruding disc material.     

Pathogenic variation in poplar rust <Emphasis Type="Italic">Melampsora larici-populina</Emphasis> from England

Using a leaf disc method, 19 isolates of the poplar rust, Melampsora larici-populina , and one isolate of M.populnea from England were inoculated on to 25 poplar clones belonging to Populus nigra and P.trichocarpa, and hybrids between P. deltoides and P. nigra, P. deltoidesand P. trichocarpa, P.tacamahaca and P.trichocarpa, and P. alba and P. tremula. Disease was scored based on the pustule area and inoculum density. In terms of whether sporulating uredinia formed, the 19 isolates showed seven different patterns to the tested poplar clones. The majority of the rust isolates infected P. nigra P3090 and Vereecken, P.nigra×P. deltoides Casale and Tasman, P. tacamahaca×trichocarpa 36 and Balsam Spire, and P.trichocarpa Blom. Populus trichocarpa×P. deltoides 69039/4 was infected by only three isolates collected from southern England. No visible symptoms appeared on P. alba ×P. tremulaTower and P.trichcarpa×P. deltoides×P. deltoides76028/5 in inoculations with M. larici-populina isolates. Populus alba×P.tremula Tower was infected only by M. populnea. When M. larici-populina isolates were tested using AFLP, no differences were found either between isolates from different geographical regions or between those having narrow spectrum of virulence and those showing wide spectrum of virulence on the tested clones. The results suggest that the UK rust populations possess virulences which were found in races E1, E2, E3 and E4 in continental Europe and that rust having virulence patterns similar to race E4 has occurred in UK poplar plantations since 1996.     

AN EVALUATION OF A NEW RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUE UTILIZING A CONCAVE TABLE

In conventional radiography systems, it is apparent that only the area immediately around the central x-ray beam can be evaluated accurately. Consequently in some instances, spinal radiography for example, several exposures are needed at various points along the body to create an accurate image for diagnosis. However, if the film and body part are in a concave shape such that the radius of the curve is equal to the film focal distance, the x-ray beam will penetrate the body and strike the film at two-dimensionally right angles in all areas. Using the spine as an example we found the curved technique had three major advantages over the traditional flat technique: lack of distortion, more uniform beam intensity due to a constant focal film distance, and improved resolution at the periphery of the radiograph because of lack of a cross over effect. It was concluded that an accurate evaluation of larger body parts can be made with minimal distortion utilizing the principles of a curved table technique.