流动注射抑制化学发光法测定原花青素的研究

建立了测定葡萄籽提取物中原花青素的流动注射抑制化学发光分析方法。本研究是将一定量的原花青素标准液或样品液与5×10-3 mol/LH 2O 2和3×10-3mol/LKIO 4溶液混合,注入到1×10-5mol/L鲁米诺载流中,以记录到的峰高定量。在碱性条件下,原花青素对鲁米诺 H 2O 2KIO 4体系的化学发光有显著抑制作用,其抑制程度的大小与原花青素的含量成线性关系。方法的线性范围为0.420.0 μg/mL,检出限为0.05 μg/mL;RSD为1.3%。采样频率为240次/h。此法快速简便,可方便地用于葡萄籽提取物中原花青素的测定。第2期刘步明等流动注射抑制化学发光法测定原花青素的研究     

Embryo-mediated genome editing for accelerated genetic improvement of livestock

Selecting beneficial DNA variants is the main goal of animal breeding. However, this process is inherently inefficient because each animal only carries a fraction of all desirable variants. Genome editing technology with its ability to directly introduce beneficial sequence variants offers new opportunities to modernize animal breeding by overcoming this biological limitation and accelerating genetic gains. To realize rapid genetic gain, precise edits need to be introduced into genomically-selected embryos, which minimizes the genetic lag. However, embryo-mediated precision editing by homology-directed repair (HDR) mechanisms is currently an inefficient process that often produces mosaic embryos and greatly limits the numbers of available edited embryos. This review provides a summary of genome editing in bovine embryos and proposes an embryo-mediated accelerated breeding scheme that overcomes the present efficiency limitations of HDR editing in bovine embryos. It integrates embryo-based genomic selection with precise multi-editing and uses embryonic cloning with elite edited blastomeres or embryonic pluripotent stem cells to resolve mosaicism, enable multiplex editing and multiply rare elite genotypes. Such a breeding strategy would enable a more targeted, accelerated approach for livestock improvement that allows stacking of beneficial variants, even including novel traits from outside the breeding population, in the most recent elite genetic background, essentially within a single generation.     

Rapid screening of genetically modified ingredients in soybean and cotton processing by-product and waste using direct qPCR

To develop a simple and fast method for screening genetically modified ingredients from processing by-product and waste, direct quantitative PCR (qPCR) kit-Taqman which omitting multi genomic DNA preparing steps was developed in this study. A total of 18 oil crop processing by-products and wastes including 10 soybean and 8 cotton materials were collected from food processing factories. Compared with 2 commercial direct qPCR kits, conditions of DNA releasing procedure and PCR amplification were optimized. Element screening was performed at the initial step of genetically modified (GM) ingredient testing procedure via direct qPCR. GM event identification was carried out in positive samples by initial screening. Totally 5 screening elements (P–35S, T-NOS, Cp4-epsps, bar and pat) for soybean materials and 6 screening elements (P–35S, T-NOS, NPTII, Cry1Ac, bar and pat) for cotton samples were detected. In GM event identification, MON531 and MON1445 were found in cotton materials. Results were further confirmed by real-time PCR with DNA extraction and purification. The direct qPCR system proposed by this research was convenient for rapid screening and identification of GM ingredients in oil crop primary by-product and waste.     

土霉素对柑橘黄龙病的防治效果及对柑橘产量和品质的影响

为有效防控柑橘黄龙病,于2017年在佛罗里达大学柑橘研究与教育中心的奥本代尔市柑橘试验场进行田间试验筛选黄龙病的防治药剂及其浓度,测定注射土霉素后叶片中柑橘黄龙病菌亚洲种Cadidatus Liberibacter asiaticus、土霉素、淀粉含量、柑橘产量、出汁率、可溶性固形物含量和酸度,显微镜下观察注射土霉素后淀粉粒的分布。结果表明,浓度为1.6g/株土霉素处理180 d后柑橘叶片中黄龙病菌亚洲种含量减少幅度最大,为91.78%;注射浓度为1.6g/株土霉素后7d,叶片中土霉素含量达142.2 μg/kg,注射后11 d叶片中土霉素含量达到最大,为239.8 μg/kg,注射后45 d叶片中土霉素含量低至99.6 μg/kg以下;注射后7~90d,叶片中黄龙病菌亚洲种含量呈波浪形变化,注射90 d后叶片中黄龙病菌亚洲种含量一直处于增长趋势,叶片中黄龙病菌亚洲种含量总体随着土霉素含量的升高而降低;注射浓度为1.6g/株土霉素后,叶片中淀粉含量大幅度下降,60d时达到最低值,为3.3 μg/mm²,90d时达到峰值,为14.5 μg/mm²;单株产量为16.7 kg,与注射浓度为0.8 g/株土霉素处理差异不显著,但均显著高于其它2个处理;柑橘出汁率、可溶性固形物和酸度均与清水对照差异不显著。表明土霉素可有效抑制黄龙病菌亚洲种,减少柑橘叶片内淀粉含量,增加柑橘产量,但对果实品质未产生显著影响。     

播期对直播水稻产量、花后各器官干物质和氮素积累及转运的影响

为探究播期对直播水稻产量、花后干物质和氮素积累与转运的影响,以水稻品种白粳1号、长白9号和龙粳31号为供试材料,设置3个播期（SD1、SD2和SD3）,比较不同播期条件下3个品种的产量、抽穗期和成熟期各器官干物质及氮素积累与转运特点。3个品种抽穗期和成熟期各器官干物质及氮素积累量、抽穗至成熟期各器官干物质及氮素转运量和产量均表现为SD2>SD3>SD1。相关分析表明,产量与成熟期穗干物质及氮素积累量呈显著正相关,与叶片干物质和氮素转运量呈显著正相关。在本试验条件下,播期的推迟提高了3个品种有效穗数及结实率,进而提高了产量,同时促进了各器官物质转运量与转运率的提高。各品种SD2处理的产量及花后干物质、氮素积累量最高,SD2为适宜播期。     

红曲红色素替代亚硝酸钠作为腊肉中着色剂的研究

本试验设计使用了红曲色素作为亚硝酸盐的替代品,对其着色作用进行研究.实验中发现红曲红色素可以以注射形式添加到腊肉中,添加量为0.001%.     

在线脱色还原流动注射光度法测定烟草硝酸盐

采用CH3COOH溶液提取烟草中的硝酸盐,串联的活性炭柱和镉柱在线脱色、还原NO3-为NO2-,α-萘胺和对氨基苯磺酸为显色剂,建立了测定烟草中硝酸盐的流动注射分光光度法.经过优化试验条件,获得方法的线性范围为0.25～1.5 μg/ml,检出限为0.025μg/ml.实际样品分析的加标回收率为90.7%～102%,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于4%.     

电子燃油喷射供油系试验台的设计

介绍一种电子燃油喷射供油系试验台的设计方案。该试验台简单实用，造价低。它不仅能检测油泵和喷油器的性能，还可清洗喷油器     

两种新型制剂对人工诱发鸡白痢的疗效观察

为了评价头孢噻呋不同剂型、不同用法对革兰氏阴性菌所致鸡病的临床疗效。采用3日龄雏鸡人工诱发鸡白痢,接种后5小时分别对6组试验鸡给以不同剂量头孢噻呋混悬液(注射)和头孢噻呋钠冻干粉(灌服),每天一次,连用三天,同时对另3组试验鸡用硫酸粘杆菌素、氟苯尼考、氨苄西林混悬注射液作药物治疗对照。用药后15天试验结果表明:头孢噻呋治疗组的平均死亡率为8 3%,对照药物治疗组的死亡率分别为26 6%(氨苄西林混悬注射液)、10 0%(硫酸粘杆菌素)、23 3%(氟苯尼考)。头孢噻呋组的平均治愈率为87 75%,对照药物治疗组的治愈率分别为70%(氨苄西林混悬注射液)、76 6%(硫酸粘杆菌素)、63 3%(氟苯尼考)。头孢噻呋的治疗效果在死亡率、有效率和治愈率的指标比较上,均显著高于对照药物;头孢噻呋混悬液和冻干粉在同剂量水平比较上,疗效无统计学差异;两剂型高、中剂量组的疗效均高于低剂量组。     

我国水稻种植方式发展与转型(英文)

[目的]分析我国水稻种植方式发展和转型特点,明确各稻区水稻种植方式的发展方向及需要研发的关键技术。[方法]分析国外代表性产稻国及我国主要稻区水稻种植方式的演变,水稻种植方式的特点,适应性及问题。[结果]国内外水稻种植方式的发展分析表明,水稻种植方式与水稻种植制度和生态环境相适应,随社会经济发展的发展而演变。我国90年代以来,随农村劳动力的转移,水稻抛秧面积逐渐发展,近十年来,水稻直播和机插秧面积发展较快。目前,手工插秧仍是主要种植方式,占水稻面积50%左右,抛秧、直播和机插秧分别占25%、12%和13%左右。[结论]水稻机插秧是我国未来水稻生产的主导种植方式,虽然目前机械直播面积还很小,机械直播因节本省工效果明显在部分地区可以发展。提出了不同稻区将来主导的种植方式及需要研发的关键配套技术。