Experimental studies on cold survival of enchytraeid cocoons

The effect of different culture methods, cold acclimation and desiccation on the supercooling point (SCP), the melting point (MP) of fluids and the quantity of water freezing (osmotically active water) was investigated in individual cocoons of Enchytraeus crypticus and an undescribed Enchytraeus species using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques. Both species can be easily cultured in the laboratory in agar where the development and hatching of the worms can be observed. Culture methods (agar with nettle leaves or oats as food and wet filter paper without food supply) had a significant effect on fresh weight and SCP of E. crypticus cocoons. The water content (as a proportion of fresh weight) was slightly lower in the cocoons from the wet filter paper cultures. Acclimation at —3 °C did not affect the supercooling ability of E. crypticus cocoons, whereas the SCP of E. sp.1 cocoons was lowered from a mean of —8.7 to —12.4 °C. The supercooling ability of cocoons of E. crypticus was only slightly increased by desiccation and cold acclimation, but the quantity of frozen water was significantly reduced with acclimation and desiccation (2 and 3 min) at room temperature. The MP values of the cocoon fluids reflected these changes in both species. No cocoons of E. crypticus and E. sp.1 survived desiccation and freezing in our experiments and no worms of Enchytraeus albidus, E. crypticus and Henlea perpusilla survived freezing to —10 or —20 °C.     

履带式稻(麦)联合收割机液压——机械式行走系统的研究

液压行走系统因其结构简单、操纵方便、转向灵活等特点已广泛在联合收割机中采用。该文分析了液压一机械式联合收割机行走系统的工作过程，并以某联合收割机为例，对液压行走系统的配置方案、液压元件的选型、液压系统主要参数的确定、液压系统的性能验算和实测等方面进行了研究。研究结果表明，此液压行走系统的设计是合理的、可行的，完全可以满足联收机实际使用条件和较恶劣的工况。这为我国联合收割机液压行走系统的设计和配置提供重要的参考价值。     

KINEMATIC ANALYSIS AND CALCULATION OF SLEWING MECHANISM ON HYDRAULIC EXCAVATOR DRIVEN BY VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT PUMPS WITH TOTAL CONSTANT-hp CONTROL

There are two main problems in the kinematic analysisof slewing mechanism on hydraulic excavator driven by variable displace-ment pumps with total hp-control when the excavator works and it'spumps get into variable displacement state as well.The first is how todetermine the oil flow in the hydraulic system according to the sum ofthe instantaneous pressure existing both in the slewing motor and in theworking cylinder.The second is how to calculate the driving torqueacting on the mechanism according to the instantaneous pressure existingin the motor.At pressent,the methods used for the kinematic analysisof the mechanism are based upon the assumption of the mechanism to bedriven by the fixed displacement pumps or by the variable displacementpumps with individual constant hp-control.But in these ways,theproblems mentioned above cannot be solved.This paper,on the basisof the variable displacement characteristic of the pumps with totalconstant hp-control,analyses the general kinematic pattern of the slewingmechanism in detail,presents the mathematical model and the numericalmethod used for it's kinematic analysis and establishes the the basis forevaluating it's design.     

曲轴摆缸式阀配流水液压马达工作特性研究

为解决盘配流和轴配流低速大扭矩水液压马达配流副存在的磨损和泄漏问题,提出一种新型阀配流结构的低速大扭矩水液压马达,柱塞配流通过配流凸轮控制配流阀的通断实现。研究柱塞运动学规律和马达输出扭矩形成,揭示配流阀推杆位移、阀芯通断、柱塞进回液间的对应关系,分析马达角排量波动随转角、结构设计参数K的变化规律,当结构设计参数K为0.13时,马达输出扭矩波动率为6.59%。在AMESim中建立了配流阀及单柱塞配流过程的仿真模型,分析配流阀的工作特性及单柱塞动态配流性能,工作中配流阀产生最大压降为0.08MPa,进/回液配流阀无高低压串液。为验证阀配流结构在水液压马达中的工作性能,建立阀配流单柱塞试验台,并研究不同工况下的配流工作特性。试验结果表明,配流阀在马达转速0~60r/min、压力0~21MPa的工况下稳定配流,进液阀口压力在柱塞腔进回液转换时存在瞬间小幅压力波动,但对配流过程基本无影响,阀配流结构能够满足曲轴摆缸式马达柱塞的配流需求,为低速大扭矩水液压马达的配流提供了思路。     

带分流叶片离心泵研究现状与发展

分析了低比转速离心泵水力性能方面存在的问题，阐述了低比转速离心泵水力设计主要方法，如加大流量设计法、无过载设计法、面积比设计法、偏置短叶片设计法，并就其相互关系进行了比较，着重分析介绍了国内外带分流叶片低比转速离心泵的研究成果和研究现状，最后对带分流叶片离心泵研究趋势做出了展望。     

拖拉机液压悬挂装置的建模及仿真分析

分析了拖拉机液压悬挂装置的组成及工作原理,建立了系统的数学模型;并应用MATLAB软件对系统进行了稳定性分析和仿真,效果良好.建模仿真技术是研究机组系统整体的最佳设计(匹配)、最佳使用和提高机组效益的有效途径,为解决拖拉机机组系统分析与综合有效途径提供了参考依据.     

深圳市大沙河4号橡胶坝消力池内辅助消能工形式及布置试验研究

通过深圳市大沙河4号橡胶坝消力池水工模型试验，获得了水流流态、河道断面流速分布等试验成果，分析了消力池左岸预制块护坡产生滑坡破坏的机理，对消力池内辅助消能工形式及布置作了比较分析，河道主流偏左、冲刷左岸现象得到控制。     

立轴柱形变螺距螺旋开沟机临界转速分析

通过对螺旋开沟机所输土块的运动及受力情况进行分析可知：当土块与坑壁之间的摩擦力能阻止土块随叶片旋转时，土块在螺旋叶片上所受作用力相互平衡。由此，推导山立轴柱形变螺距螺旋开沟机的临界转速。此即为保证土壤在螺旋而上上升的基本条件，而实际转速则大于临界转速。该分析为进一步设计立轴柱形变螺距螺旋开沟机提供了依据。     

基于SIMULINK的液压系统动态仿真

通过采用MATLAB语言的SIMULINK软件包对液压系统进行动态仿真的方法,以开关型阀控缸为例,建立了液压系统的动态模型,并给出了仿真模型。通过对系统的参数初始化,进行仿真。结果表明,SIMULINK方法是对液压系统的动态特性进行仿真的一条有效途径。     

开采沉陷区不同复垦技术下复垦土壤压实的空间变化

土壤的压实往往造成土壤结构的破坏和土壤的退化。试验对开采沉陷区采用不同复垦技术的复垦土壤进行土壤压实的测定,分析结果表明,在垂直方向上土壤的压实呈现一定的变化规律。泥浆泵复垦的田块在土壤深度5~10 cm处,平均压实度最大,在30 cm处,压实度最小,是由于含水的饱和状态泥浆难以排泄水分引起。铲运机复垦的田块和未复垦的田块,压实度随着深度的增加,压实度逐渐增加。总体上,铲运机复垦田块的平均压实度最大,其次为未复垦田块,泥浆泵复垦田块最小,通过横向对比,铲运机与未复垦田块的变化类似,压实度均呈一定范围的剧烈波动,而泥浆泵复垦田块压实度变化平缓,这与泥浆有一定的流动性有关。因此,泥浆泵复垦对土壤的破坏影响更为严重,技术存在一定的缺陷,有待进一步改进。