Distribution and properties of geographically distinct isolates of sugar beet yellowing viruses

From a total of 261 yellow sugarbeet leaves collected from 10 countries representing three continents, the incidence and distribution of strains of Beet mild yellowing virus (BMYV), Beet chlorosis virus (BChV) and Beet yellows virus (BYV) were analysed using serological and molecular methods. BMYV was found in all countries except Greece, and more frequently in the northern and western areas of Europe, whereas BYV predominated in Turkey, Spain, Greece, the USA and Chile. BChV, originally found in the USA and the UK in 1989, was identified in France, Spain, the Netherlands and Chile. Nine sugar beet poleroviruses, plus a reference isolate of Turnip yellows virus (TuYV, syn. Beet western yellows virus ), were further characterized and compared. Isolates obtained from sugar beet infected this species, but not oilseed rape or lettuce; all isolates except one infected Capsella bursa-pastoris . The coat-protein sequences of these isolates were highly similar, with the consensus sequence representing 89% of nucleotide residues. Within the coat-protein gene, two regions were identified that could represent specific epitopes to which monoclonal antibody BYDV-PAV-IL-1 could bind; this antibody is used to distinguish beet poleroviruses in ELISA. Comparison of the sequences at the 5' end showed that sequence homology existed only between isolates with the same host range. The first sequence data of polerovirus isolates from Chile are presented, showing that the coat protein and the 5' end of their genomes are highly similar to those of BMYV isolates found in Europe. Chilean polerovirus isolates may have been imported from the northern hemisphere in sugar beet breeding material.     

圆形喷灌机条件下变量灌溉对苏丹草产量与品质的影响

以苏丹草为研究对象,于2019年5—8月在河北涿州中国农业大学教学实验场开展了圆形喷灌机条件下变量灌溉对苏丹草产量与品质的影响研究。依据土壤表观电导率(ECa)差异划分出3个灌溉管理小区(1区、2区、3区),并分别对其进行变量灌溉(VRI)和均匀灌溉(URI)处理。结果表明:全生长季内,URI和VRI处理之间年产量没有显著性差异(P>0.05),但VRI处理比URI处理节水13.4%,灌溉水分利用效率提高了17.5%,尤其是在第二茬雨季VRI处理的灌溉水分利用效率提升了43.8%(P<0.05);第一茬,VRI处理与URI处理苏丹草粗蛋白含量与相对饲喂价值没有显著性差异(P>0.05),但在降雨量较大的第二茬VRI处理可以显著提高苏丹草的粗蛋白含量(提高9.5%,P<0.05)和相对饲喂价值(提高3.5%,P<0.05)。     

YL2208CW型农用运输车主传动比的模糊优化

作者在建立Ｙ１２２０８ＣＷ型农用运输车动力性与燃油经济性模拟计算方法的基础上，应用模糊数学方法优化农用运输车的主传动器速比，获得了最佳燃油经济性。     

烘炉温度无线检测系统设计

提出了一种检测烘炉温度的无线数字检测系统.该系统将无线收发模块nRF905与单片机系统相结合,实现无线温度检测,其也适用于其他领域设备的温度无线测量.     

鄂北双季花生高产栽培技术初探

一年内连续两次种植花生是鄂北地区花生种植方式的一项重要改革。通过三年的试验，研究了在鄂北条件下双季连作花生栽培的良种选用、播种期、种植密度和管理措施等关键栽培技术，结果表明以早熟高产的中花４号等品种，第一季地膜覆盖于３月下旬播种，第二季在８月初露地播种并适当增加种植密度，能够获得双季花生７５００ｋｇ／ｈｍ２以上的产量。     

嵌入式远程农业信息采集终端的设计与实现

采用嵌入式网络模块NetBox2，利用其网络接口和TCP／IP协议库进行二次开发，实现了一个远程农业信息采集客户端。支持人工观测数据和农业数据检测仪器两种方式下的农业数据采集、远程传输和存储。     

高压天然气管道内粉尘检测装置的应用

利用新研制的高压天然气管道内粉尘检测装置,测定了天然气净化用过滤器进出口管内的粉尘浓度和粉尘粒度分布。现场试验结果表明,该装置密封性能可靠,数据重复性好,适用于高压天然气过滤分离设备的分离性能评价。利用所测结果计算出了过滤器的平均分离效率,所测过滤分离设备出口管道粉尘浓度都低于1.0mg/m3。     

沙生针茅种子萌发特性及其影响因素

利用控制试验研究了不同温度蒸馏水水分、盐分胁迫等生态因子对沙生针茅种子萌发的影响,探索了沙生针茅种子对各种生态因子的适应性。结果表明:(1)蒸馏水浸泡种子,以60℃温水浸泡、自然降温至常温12h最好;(2)低温处理与未经低温处理的种子发芽率差异不显著(P0.05),说明沙生针茅种子不存在生理后熟因素影响;(3)随着PEG-6000浓度的增加,沙生针茅种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数呈下降趋势,种子发芽率的PEG-6000浓度的临界值和极限值分别为15.9%和26.3%;(4)沙生针茅种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数随着盐分浓度的增加呈下降趋势,其中Na2CO3处理下的沙生针茅种子萌发率下降幅度明显大于NaCl,表明沙生针茅种子对相同质量浓度的Na2CO3的耐受能力显著低于对NaCl的耐受能力。     

工程机械新型传动系统的特性分析

介绍了静液压传动这一新型动力传动系统的特点.通过详细分析该系统液压元件类型的选择、排量与传动变速比关系及该类系统特性参数之间的关系,得出了在实际使用中,为了保证工程机械在大功率工况下,不降低经常工况的效率,提高传动变速比与其它传动形式的匹配方案.通过对匹配方案的分析为工程车辆的开发设计提供理论基础和方法.