中职《计算机应用基础》课程的教学探讨

《计算机应用基础》是中等职业学校各专业学生必修的公共基础课程,也是学习其他计算机相关技术课程的基础课程。针对学生在学习中和教师在讲课时遇到的问题,本文提出了完善这门课程教学和学习的相应对策。     

Effects of rake angle of chisel plough on soil cutting factors and power requirements: A computer simulation

A computer simulation was conducted to predict the effects of rake angle of a chisel plough and soil bulk density on angle of soil failure plane, rupture distance, width of side crescent, frictional, overburden, cohesion and adhesion soil cutting factors, draft forces and drawbar power requirements. The experimental work was carried out in two locations. Soil of the first location was sandy clay with the soil bulk densities of 1.75 and 1.70 g/cm³ for firm and loose soil conditions, respectively, with an angle of internal friction of 30° and a surface friction angle of 20°, cohesion of 2.5 kN/m² and adhesion of 1.2 kN/m². Soil of the second location was clay loam with the soil bulk densities of 1.65 and 1.50 g/cm³ for firm and loose soil conditions, respectively, with an angle of internal friction of 34° and a surface friction angle of 23°, cohesion of 2.4 kN/m² and adhesion of 1.14 kN/m². The prediction showed that the angle of failure plane found to decrease with the rake angle. The rupture distance decreased with the rake angle from 15° to 55° and then increased as the rake angle increased over 55°. The width of the side crescent increased as the rake angle increased and the maximum value and the minimum value were recorded at 75° and at 15°. Values of frictional and overburden factors decreased as rake angle increased. The maximum and minimum values were recorded at 15° and 75°, respectively. The values of cohesion factor increased as rake angle increased. The maximum value was recorded at rake angle of 75° and the minimum value was recorded at rake angle of 15°. Adhesion factor was found to change inversely with the rake angle from 15° to 55° and then to change directly with the rake angle over 55°. The draft force decreased with the rake angle and reached its minimum value at 45° rake angle. Over 45°, the draft force increased and reached its maximum value at 75° rake angle. The draft increased with soil bulk density. The power required for moving the plough recorded the maximum value at rake angle of 15°, while the minimum value was recorded at 55° rake angle. The values of power increased with decrease of soil bulk density. The predicted values demonstrated some deviations from the experimental values of the draft force and the drawbar power.     

基于可见光机器视觉的棉花伪异性纤维识别方法

为提高皮棉质量和皮棉中异纤的检测精度,提出了一种基于机器视觉的棉花伪异性纤维识别方法。皮棉经过开松装置被制成薄棉层,检测通道两侧的相机对棉层进行拍摄,并将采集到的棉层及异纤和伪异纤图像保存到工控机,通过图像分块及阈值分割等算法,提取伪异纤目标区域,统计获取区域的数个颜色、形状和纹理特征,基于特征数据,分别使用BP神经网络、一对一有向无环图策略线性核函数支持向量机和径向基核函数支持向量机对两大类棉花杂质进行分类识别。实验结果表明,99.15%的伪异纤目标可被准确识别,径向基核函数支持向量机在棉花异纤和伪异纤分类识别中,总分类正确率为95.60%,能够满足在线检测的要求。     

饲料收获机矮秆割台拨禾轮导轨运动轨迹研究

对矮秆割台核心喂入部件拨禾轮的结构和运动轨迹进行了分析研究,利用计算机辅助软件对拨禾轮导轨曲线进行了优化设计,并对拨禾弹齿运动轨迹进行了模拟,找出了保证矮秆割台能够正常工作的弹齿运动轨迹形状,确定其正常工作的拨禾轮速比区间为（0.78,∞）。     

9SZ-2.5A型饲料加工成套设备的设计研究

详细介绍了９ＳＺ－２．５Ａ型饲料加工成套设备的设计原理、依据、设计方法及其结构，并总结了该机的性能特点。     

近35年苏南典型地区的城镇扩展动态研究——以1966～2001年常熟市为例

利用常熟市不同时期 (1 966、1 984、1 992、1 999、2 0 0 0、2 0 0 1年 )、不同类型卫星遥感影像 (Corona、TM、SPOT、ETM )进行多波段合成 ,图像增强处理与精校正 ,建立不同影像城镇用地解译标志 ,通过人机交互判读 ,获得不同时期的各乡镇城镇用地矢量图的方法。统计出 35年来常熟市城镇建设用地扩大近 6 .4倍。城镇扩展空间上受到地貌条件和城市经济水平以及政策决策影响 ,城镇多数沿河流或交通线方向扩展 ,各城镇间扩展数量和相对速率有明显差异 ,且存在一定地理分布规律。结合社会经济的统计资料 ,分析发现城镇扩展与不断增加的城镇人口、GDP极显著相关 ,各乡镇单位城镇面积创造的GDP有较大的差异。     

计算机视觉技术在番茄收获中的应用

运用双目立体视觉技术对红色番茄进行定位,图像进行灰度变换后,对图像的二维直方图进行腐蚀,膨胀以后除小团块,提取背景区边缘,然后用拟合曲线实现彩色图像的分割,将番茄从背景中分离出来,对目标进行标定后,用面积匹配实现共轭图像中目标的配准,运用体视成像原理,从两幅二维图像中恢复目标的三维坐标,从实验数据可知,当目标与摄像机的距离为300－400mm时,深度误差可控制在3％－4％。     

计算机辅助设计线图数据处理的灰色模型与方法

在分析计算机辅助设计线图数据处理的现状后，提出了其线图数据处理的灰色模型参数估计的函数变换法。实例表明，该方法简单实用，值得在计算机辅助设计中推广使用。     

利用计算机视觉定量描述茶叶色泽

选择ＨＩＳ颜色系统描述茶叶颜色,并对颜色描述系统模型进行了改进,使之能更好地模拟理想颜色模型。在此基础上对自然存储条件下不同年份生产的龙井茶的茶叶色泽和汤色进行定量测量,测量结果：利用计算机视觉能定量地茶叶色泽随储藏时间的变化。     

种子形状参数检测的计算机图象处理技术

设计了采用计算机图象处理技术检测形状特征参数的实用算法，开发了对种子进行基本形状参数测量的计算机图象处理系统，实际测试表明，系统运行稳定，测量速度快，精度高，适合同时分析多个物体的特征参数。