牛粪常温厌氧发酵特性的试验研究

[目的]探求较低温度下厌氧发酵的变化规律,为提高厌氧发酵效率提供科学数据.[方法]利用固体发酵罐,采集呼图壁西域春奶牛场的鲜牛粪为常温厌氧发酵的原料,以容器体积的1/4原料量进行39 d的厌氧发酵,并对发酵前后牛粪常规理化指标进行了检测分析.[结果]常温厌氧发酵从第7 d开始产气,第31 d停止产气,总产气量是3 893 mL,第26 d时沼气的日产气量相对最高,达730 mL/d;外界温度和pH是影响产气量的主要因素,其中堆体中层温度>表层温度>室温,pH(在6.4～7.3)总体表现为下降的趋势;TN含量有一定降低,TP含量呈上升趋势,TK含量变化不明显.[结论]牛粪作为有机肥完全符合技术指标要求,而且发酵后,总养分和有机质均有一定程度的增加.     

Acaricides and their residues in Spanish commercial beeswax

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this work was to determine residues of acaricides in recycled Spanish beeswax. RESULTS: Chlorfenvinphos, fluvalinate, amitraz, bromopropylate, acrinathrin, flumethrin, coumaphos, chlorpyrifos, chlordimeform, endosulfan and malathion residues were determined by GC‐µECD/NPD/MS detection. Owing to the extreme instability of amitraz, this analyte was transformed into the stable end‐metabolite 2,4‐dimethylaniline, later derivatised with heptafluorobutyric anhydride and determined by GC‐µECD/MS. Recoveries from spiked samples ranged from 86 to 108%, while quantification limits varied from 0.10 to 0.30 mg kg^?1 using GC‐µECD/NPD, and from 12 to 85 µg kg^?1 by GC‐MSD. Of a total of 197 samples analysed, only eight samples (4%) were free of residues of chlorfenvinphos (0.019–10.6 mg kg^?1), fluvalinate was present in 93.6% of samples analysed (0.027 –88.7 mg kg^?1), while coumaphos was confirmed in only five of the 134 samples analysed at concentrations of less than 195 µg kg^?1. The remaining acaricides were identified with different levels of incidence at concentrations from 12 to 231 µg kg^?1. CONCLUSIONS: Residues of acaricides were found in an extensive number of beeswax samples. The contamination with chlorfenvinphos and tau‐fluvalinate was very relevant, particularly as chlorfenvinphos is not legally authorised for use in beekeeping. The possible impacts of the main acaricides detected on larval and adult honey bees are discussed. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

日粮组合效应对瘤胃发酵参数的影响

以装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的黄牛作为瘤胃液的供体动物,应用短期人工瘤胃发酵技术研究日粮组合效应对瘤胃液pH、NH3-N含量和不同发酵时间(2、4、8、12、24 h)产气量的影响.结果表明,pH实测值与加权平均值差异不显著(P＞0.05),瘤胃液pH值间不存在日粮组合效应.NH3-N含量实测值与加权平均值差异极显著(P＜0....     

气相色谱法测定香蕉和土壤中苯醚甲环唑残留

建立气相色谱法测定香蕉和土壤中苯醚甲环唑残留量的分析方法。样品经乙腈萃取,采用气相色谱法-氮磷检测器（GC-NPD）进行测定。方法的检出限为0.010 mg/kg,在0.02、0.20、1.00 mg/kg 3个添加水平,香蕉回收率为82%～105%,相对标准偏差为7.4%～10.7%;土壤回收率为80%～104%,相对标准偏差为5.1%～9.3%。方法的重复性较好。     

6-BA缓解黄瓜弱光胁迫的浓度研究

在温室条件下,研究喷施不同浓度6-苄氨基嘌呤(6-BA)对弱光条件下不同类型黄瓜气体交换参数和叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明,华南型杂交组合‘07QP56’在10 μmol/L 6-BA处理条件下,欧洲迷你型杂交组合‘07QP51’在2,5 μmol/L 6-BA 处理时,可以较为明显地缓解由弱光导致的饱和光合速率(A_sat)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)降低的现象。同时,10 μmol/L 6-BA处理对缓解弱光下‘07QP56’的PSⅡ潜在活性(Fv/Fo)、原初光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)的降低也有一定的效果。‘07QP51’较‘07QP56’耐弱光,并且对高浓度6-BA处理也更为敏感。     

Application the hydraulic fracturing technology in the highn pressure and low permeability mine

To solve the gas drainage problem of the high gas and low permeability mine, based on the features of the high pressure water, the hydraulic fracturing technology is proposed to improve the gas drainage rate. According to the first strength theory, through analyzing the stress around the borehole, the broken mechanism of the coal under high pressure is studied and the function of critical value is obtained. In addition, based on the coal features of the tenth mine of the Pingdingshan, the fracturing pressure is calculated and the hydraulic fracturing parameter is optimized. The equipment of the hydraulic fracturing technology is developed and applied successfully in the mine. And it is found that the gas drainage flux and concentration are improved with more than 5 times.     

Influence of high speed rotating cathode on the precision of micro-electrochemical drilling hole

The metal parts with small holes are widely used in the fields of aeronautics and astronautics. micro-electro chemical machining (micro-ECM) provides a viable alternative for drilling micro/small holes on metal parts with acceptable quality. This paper discusses the phenomenon of gas film formation of a certain insulation effects on the cathode, because of the cathode high speed rotating. Effects of several process factors, such as the cathode rotating speed on the radial of overcut, value of surface roughness and stray corrosion are investigated. The results show possibilities of improving the machining accuracy by utilizing cathode higher speed rotating.     

百度搜索技术及其个性化信息搜索探析

对百度的搜索技术及其应用做了简单的概括和介绍,并针对目前搜索引擎在检准率方面的问题．提出一个基于百度社区和领域本体库,结合相关反馈技术和扩展查询技术,促使个体特征库不断学习用户知识以提供个性化信息检索的模型,以提高检索效率。     

农业网络信息资源获取途径调查分析

通过多种调查方式,了解用户对网上农业信息资源的获取及搜索引擎的使用情况,提出建立满足用户需求、符合农业信息特点的农业专业搜索引擎,整合互联网上农业信息资源,以促进信息共享,并满足农业信息工作者多样化的信息需求,使农业专业搜索引擎能够提供大量经过分析后筛选出的、符合农业工作者需求的有效信息资源,为我国农业工作者及从事相关产业的人员在网上集中快速地查找农业信息提供高质量的服务,为我国农业科教事业的发展提供便利。