钾肥不同基追比对冬小麦产量、养分积累及钾肥利用效率的影响

采用大田试验研究了钾肥不同基追比对冬小麦产量、植株养分积累量及钾肥利用效率的影响,研究结果表明:施用钾肥能够增加冬小麦产量、提高植株养分积累量;钾肥分次施用增产效果好于钾肥全部基施,亦能增加冬小麦后期植株养分积累量,提高钾肥利用效率。钾肥增产率为1.59%~7.55%、钾肥农学效率为1.21~5.75 kg/kg、钾肥利用率为36.37%~57.63%、钾肥偏生产力为77.37~81.91 kg/kg,各施钾处理中均以钾肥50%基肥+50%拔节期追肥效应最佳。     

24种热带禾本科植物的绿肥价值分析与评价

采集热区24种禾本科植物,对其N、P、K、Ca、Mg、S等17种矿质元素进行分析评价。结果表明:这24种禾本科植物的N、P、K含量中等,纤维化程度高,根据分级标准,一级绿肥占4.2%,二级绿肥占50.0%,三级绿肥占45.8%;中量元素Ca、Mg、S和微量元素丰富,重金属含量低,是安全的热带绿肥;其中狼尾草和早熟禾本科植物的P、K、Ca、S、Fe含量明显高于其它参试绿肥。     

Effect of different levels of nitrogen and farmyard manure on yield and quality of spinach (Spinacea oleracea L.)

The effect of different levels of nitrogen N₀(0kg/ha), N₁(30 kg/ha), N₂ (60 kg/ha), and N₃ (90 kg/ha) and farmyard manure F₀ (0 tonnes/ha), F₁ (10 tonnes/ha), and F₂ (20 tonnes/ha) on the yield and nutrient composition of spinach and its uptake was investigated on a sandy loam soil. Yield; phosphorus, iron, manganese, zinc, and copper uptakes; and ascorbic acid content increased with the application of both the inorganic nitrogen fertilizer and the farmyard manure, with a maximum at the N₃F₂ level, i.e. at 90 kg N/ha with 20 tonnes FYM/ha. However, the contents of protein, -carotene, and reducing sugars were maximum at the highest dose of nitrogen without the application of farmyard manure.     

氨胁迫对猪粪厌氧消化性能的影响

以猪粪为原料,采用批式试验方法,研究不同氨氮添加量(0、400、800、1600、2400、3200、4000 mg·L^-1)对厌氧消化产气效果的影响.结果表明:随着氨氮添加量的增加,总产气量和CH₄产率均呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势,氨氮添加量 ≥2400 mg·L^-1时,厌氧消化过程受到显著抑制;不同处理中猪粪挥发性固体(VS)的CH₄产率分别为328.5、338.1、323.2、304.9、276.2、124.9、56.1 mL·g^-1.氨氮添加量为0~800 mg·L^-1时,最大VS产CH₄速率分别为18.3、18.4、17.1 mL·g^-1·d^-1;氨氮添加量为2400 mg·L^-1时,产气高峰推迟,产CH₄速率明显降低;氨氮添加量 ≥400 mg·L^-1时,厌氧消化30 d底物的生物转化产CH₄效率随氨氮添加量的增加逐渐降低,分别为56.7%、54.5%、52.4%、30.6%、1.6%和1.3%;氨氮添加量为400~2400 mg·L^-1时,乙酸利用型产甲烷菌Methanosaeta的相对丰度总体随氨氮质量浓度的增加而降低,而氢利用型产甲烷菌Methanosarcina和Methanococcus具有相反的变化规律.     

Interactions of slope and canopy of herbage of three herbage species on transport of faecal indicator bacteria by rain splash

The movement of faecal pathogens from land to surface and ground‐water are of great interest because of the public and livestock health implications. Knowledge of canopy structure and how it might be managed to help mitigate nutrient and pathogen movement in pasture is needed to create management practices that balance livestock production with environmental benefits. An experiment was conducted using a rainfall‐simulating device to test whether canopy structure of species common to pastures in Appalachia, USA could be managed to influence dispersion of faecal pathogens. Seven pots (30‐cm diameter) of white clover, orchardgrass and perennial ryegrass were lined up on horizontal and sloping surfaces under a rainfall simulator. The centre pot was inoculated at the soil surface with 4 × 10¹⁰ faecal coliform bacteria (FC) just before rainfall simulation started. The species were maintained under short, moderate and tall canopy management treatments. White clover exhibited the greatest rates of lateral and vertical dispersion of FC into the canopy, especially in the short canopy management treatment following 30 min of rainfall (about 40 mm). Low concentrations of faecal coliform bacteria also dispersed into the canopies of the grass species but the differences in concentration of FC between the grass species were not different. When the proportion of white clover in a pasture is high, the canopy should be relatively taller to reduce the likelihood of infection associated with faecal coliform‐contaminated herbage.     

广昌县人工湿地污水处理模型

在环境和能源问题日益突出的时代背景下,将人工湿地应用于生活污水处理是当前十分推崇的新型污水处理方法,根据广昌独特的自然、社会、经济条件,设计相适应的人工湿地模型及植物配置,介绍人工湿地模型参数和运行过程中的技术问题及控制技术,为小城镇生活污水处理提供参考。     

低温下牛粪接种发酵剂对堆肥温度与微生物的影响

试验针对北方寒区特殊地理环境条件,采用牛粪好氧堆肥发酵,研究室外温度低于0℃时,接种复合发酵剂对堆肥温度、微生物数量及区系变化特征的影响。结果表明,牛粪接种复合发酵剂24h和48h堆温分别升至40.1℃和55.6℃;高温期持续6d;发酵周期缩短至12d。细菌对堆肥升温起主要作用;细菌和放线菌是高温阶段主要作用菌群;腐熟阶段细菌、放线菌和真菌共同作用,且细菌作用强于放线菌和真菌。     

野生菊科绿肥的有机肥品质评价

为探明我国菊科绿肥的肥用价值,分析了39份采于海南等地的菊科绿肥种质矿质养分含量,进行有机肥分级。结果表明：菊科绿肥的含氮量为0.54%~4.17%（平均为2.01%）,含磷量为0.20 %~3.33%（平均为1.36%）,含钾量为0.69%~5.05%（平均为2.41%）;菊科绿肥均为三级以上有机肥,并且绝大多数为一级与二级有机肥,三级有机肥最少。表明菊科总体上是品质较高的有机肥。