Analysis of Growth and Productivity of Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea) in Relation to FYM, Nitrogen and Source of Fertilizer

A field experiment was conducted during the winter seasons of 1992–93 and 1993–94 at Anand to study the effect of FYM, nitrogen and source of fertilizer on growth and yield of mustard [ Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj & Cosson]. The results showed significant variation in leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), dry matter production and seed yield. The direct effect of farmyard manure (FYM) was conspicuous in improving the growth of mustard. FYM application at 10 tonnes ha⁻¹ significantly increased the LAI, CGR and dry matter accumulation per plant at almost all the stages during first year study (1992–93) and in pooled analysis. Similarly, nitrogen application registered maximum LAI, CGR at 75 kg level and RGR and NAR at 50 kg level at almost all the during both years. Sulphur carrying source (Ammonium sulphate plus single super phosphate) increased all stages growth characters. Maximum dry matter accumulation per plant and seed yield were recorded with highest levels of FYM (20 tonnes ha⁻¹), N (75 kg ha⁻¹) and source having S. Seed yield was strongly associated with LAI and dry matter accumulation per plant at all the stages.     

Effect of Integration of Fertilizer and Green Manure Nitrogen on Yield Attributes, Nitrogen Uptake and Yield of Lowland Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Field experiments were conducted at Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute, Aduthurai, India, during the wet seasons of 1992 and 1993 to study the effect of full and partial substitution of fertiliser N with green manure N (Sesbania rostrata) on nitrogen uptake, yield attributes and yield of rice. The experiment consisted of eight treatments with two levels of N (100 and 200 kg ha⁻¹) and three sources of N application viz., fertilizer, integrated (1:1 fertilizer and green manure N) and green manure N compared to the recommended practice (150 kg fertilizer plus 6.25 t ha⁻¹ (72 kg N) green manure) and a no N control. Nitrogen application markedly increased the N uptake. Combined use of the two N sources at 200 and 222 kg N ha⁻¹ and of single fertilizer N at 200 kg N ha⁻¹ recorded the maximum N uptake, increased the yield attributes such as number of panicles per unit area, weight per panicle, number of total and filled grains per panicle and test weight. At 200 kg N ha⁻¹ full substitution of N by green manure reduced the grain yield but only partial substitution of N by green manure resulted in almost similar yield as single fertilizer N. Thus 200 kg N ha⁻¹ applied in equal proportions of fertilizer and green manure N can be recommended for medium duration rice cultivars.     

新农科背景下牛生产学课程思政建设的探索与实践

课程思政建设是农林高校推进新农科建设的重要行动,是实现新农科宏伟蓝图的关键环节。牛生产学作为动物科学专业的专业核心课,在新农科建设背景下,如何将立德树人的根本任务落实到专业课教学全过程,发挥专业教师以及专业课程的育人功能,实现教书与育人相统一,是牛生产学进行课程改革和建设的重点。因此,本文从融入思政育人目标、建设思政资源库、完善课程思政建设途径和课程思政评价方式等方面对牛生产学课程思政建设进行探讨和总结,以期为新农科背景下动物科学类专业课的课程思政建设提供参考,也为做好课程育人工作和新农科背景下动物科学人才培养提供支撑。     

江苏省4类主要秸秆和畜禽粪便空间分布及综合利用潜力研究

为明晰江苏省农业废弃物资源分布格局并进行利用潜力评估,推进农业废弃物资源化利用,助力农业全面绿色转型,本研究借助GIS构建数据批处理模型,测算各区县水稻、小麦、玉米和油菜4种作物的秸秆和猪、牛、羊、家禽4种畜禽的粪便产生量,及其在肥料化、能源化方面的利用潜力理论值,并结合热点分析结果为江苏省农业废弃物综合利用提供政策建议。结果表明：2020年江苏省4种主要作物秸秆可收集总量高达3 972.00万t,以水稻和小麦秸秆为主,集中分布在江苏北部和中部。分析其肥料化利用潜力,理论上相当于1 511.89万t有机碳、12.04万t N、1.59万t P、24.49万t K,能源化理论上相当于1 617.52万t标准煤或6.5×10⁹m³沼气;江苏省4种主要畜禽粪便产生总量为4 560.77万t,家禽粪便与猪粪最多,主要分布在东部边界和西北部地区。分析其肥料化利用潜力,理论计算相当于737.00万t有机碳、31.15万t N、29.86万t P和26.89万t K,能源化利用可折算成1 036.95万t标准煤或4.9×10⁹m     

辅料和菌剂添加对牛粪堆肥腐熟的影响

为研究不同辅料与菌剂添加对牛粪堆肥过程中堆体理化性质的影响,试验以牛粪为原料,设置7个不同的辅料和菌剂处理, T1(牛粪+玉米秸秆+发酵菌剂)、T2(牛粪+稻草+发酵菌剂)、T3(牛粪+蘑菇菌渣+发酵菌剂)、T4(牛粪+玉米秸秆)、T5(牛粪+稻草)、T6(牛粪+蘑菇菌渣)、CK(牛粪不添加辅料和发酵菌剂)。结果表明,在堆肥过程中,各处理批次的水分含量和C/N均呈下降趋势,pH值先升后降,有机质先降后升,种子发芽指数随堆肥天数的增加而增加。T1和 T2处理堆体升温快、高温期持续时间长,最高温度可达到66℃~67℃,高温期持续30~32天,加速了堆肥腐熟进程,提高了种子发芽指数。堆肥结束时T1和T2处理的种子发芽指数分别达到78.26%和76.48%。隶属函数综合评价表明T1腐熟程度最高,即当牛粪与玉米秸秆配比为4:1时,添加发酵菌剂有利于堆肥腐熟。     

单液滴微萃取—毛细管气相色谱法测定水样中的硝基苯类化合物

[目的]建立快速、简便、高灵敏度的检测硝基苯类化合物的方法。[方法]建立单液滴微萃取-毛细管气相色谱法（SDME-GC）测定水样中的硝基苯类化合物。以外标法测定了硝基苯、2-硝基甲苯、3-硝基甲苯、4-硝基甲苯、3-硝基氯苯的标准工作曲线方程、检出限、线性范围,并在相同实验条件下测定了实际工业废水样中上述硝基苯类化合物的含量、加标回收率范围及相对标准偏差范围。[结果]5种硝基苯类化合物检出限很低,最小能达到8.9×10-4μg/ml,且均在较宽的线性范围内表现出良好的线性关系（相关系数均在0.99以上）。该方法的回收率、相对标准偏差符合要求。[结论]单液滴微萃取一毛细管气相色谱法预处理快捷、环保、价廉且富集效果好,操作简便、快速、准确、灵敏度高、线性范围较宽。     

柔毛野豌豆根瘤菌接种效果试验研究

对柔毛野豌豆进行了根瘤菌接种,使柔毛野豌豆的产草量提高了６０％－６９％,土壤多固氮３０ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２,改良了土壤,增加了绿肥效果,为促进生态农业和生态畜牧业的有机结合开辟了新途径。     

秦川牛保种情况的分析 Ⅰ群体规模、年龄结构与迁移

采用群体遗传学理论与方法研究了陕西省秦川牛场秦川牛保种群30多年来的保种情况,详细地分析了保种群的规模、年龄结构及迁移情况。研究发现,该保种群规模变化剧烈,总的来说规模偏小,尤其是公牛群远小于保种遗传学基本法则规定的最小值;畜群结构不稳定,迁入不规则,该研究结果将为今后采取适当的措施提高保种效果提供科学的参考依据。     

An analysis of age and body weight at first calving for Holsteins in the United States

In a national survey of US dairy producers, only 2.7 ± 0.5% of Holstein dairy operations reported achieving recommended target ranges of age ≤ 24 months and body weight (BW) ≥ 550 kg at first calving. Allowing for wider target ranges, still only 14.6 ± 1.3% of Holstein dairy operations reported achieving age ≤ 25 months and BW ≥ 544.3 kg at first calving. Ages of individual first-calf heifers observed at calving were heavily skewed toward older individuals. Dairy producers reported an average age at first calving that was 1.3 months lower than the mean and 1.0 months lower than median age of first-calf heifers' observed calving on the operations. Stepwise logistic regression was used to identify the herd characteristics associated with producers reporting first calvings within the wider age and BW target ranges for Holsteins. Rolling herd average milk production ≥ 7711 kg/yr, using a computer for recordkeeping, and not tying preweaned heifers in a barn with cows, were associated with achieving the target BW and age at first calving.     

Feeding-induced increases in insulin do not suppress secretion of growth hormone

Secretion of growth hormone (GH) is reduced for several hours after feeding when access to feed is restricted to a 2-hr period each day. We hypothesized that increased secretion of insulin after feeding inhibits release of GH from the anterior pituitary gland. Our objectives were to determine whether: 1) alloxan prevents concentrations of insulin from increasing after feeding steers; 2) concentrations of GH remain high after feeding alloxan-treated steers; and 3) GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) stimulates greater release of GH in alloxan-treated, than in control, steers after feeding. Steers were injected iv with either saline (control) or with alloxan (110 mg/kg) (n = 4 per group). Concentrations of insulin were not different (P = 0.61) between control and alloxan-treated steers before feeding (87.5 +/- 33.6 pmol/l). However, alloxan prevented insulin from increasing (P < 0.001) after feeding (131.8 pmol/1) compared with control steers (442.0 pmol/l) (pooled SEM = 47.5). Overall, GH was higher (P < 0.05) in alloxan-treated (6.4 ng/ml) than in control steers (3.7 ng/ml) (pooled SEM = 0.7), but GH decreased (P < 0.001) after feeding in both groups. Iv injection of GHRH stimulated release of GH 1 hr before, but not when injected 1 hr after feeding (P < 0.001). In addition, net areas under the GH curve were not significantly different between control and alloxan-treated groups. We conclude that increased concentrations of insulin after feeding do not mediate feeding-induced suppression of GH secretion in steers.