城市绿地空气负离子相关研究——以上海公园为例

通过测量上海主要公园绿地的空气正、负离子、下垫面热辐射温度、森林覆盖率及生物多样性的指标,研究分析了城市绿地的空气清洁度指数(CI)与其影响因素的相关关系。结果发现,上海仅有不到60%的公园空气负离子浓度达到一般城市公园水平;空气清洁度与热辐射温度之间存在指数负相关;空气清洁度与森林覆盖率之间存在指数正相关;空气清洁度与生物多样性之间亦有较强的正相关。       

Research on Relation between Air Anions and Environment in Shanghai City

INTRODUCTIONUrban greenbelt is an important component of theurban eco-system. Presently the ecological functionand effect are drawing more and more attention fromenvironmental protective department, gardeningdepartment and all of the citizens. Because it has theefficacy of sterilization, cleaning the air, improvingthe immunity and balancing the functions, the air ionis also hailed as the air vitamin or the air hormone. Asit is vital to human health, it has become one of theimportant stand…     

基于CI指数石河子农垦区干湿变化特征

为了为了探究气候变化下石河子农垦区干湿演变特征,基于石河子农垦区1954—2012年的逐日平均气温、最高气温、最低气温、降水、日照时数、风速等资料,运用趋势分析法、M-K突变检验法和小波分析法探究了石河子农垦区CI指数的年际、季节、年代和月变化特征。结果表明：（1）石河子地区年均CI指数和四季（春夏秋冬）CI指数都呈增加趋势,气候倾向率分别为0.08/10 a、0.05/10 a、0.08/10 a、0.09/10 a和0.11/10 a;20世纪60—70年代研究区域干旱频发,80年代—2012年干旱发生次数相对较少;（2）春季和夏季的CI指数无明显突变,秋季、冬季和年均的CI指数发生了突变;四季的CI指数都有明显的周期性,但年均CI指数无明显的周期性。     

西湖景区植物群落空气负离子浓度及空气质量变化

通过测定西湖风景名胜区典型植物群落春夏两季的空气正、负离子浓度,并采用相应评价体系对其空气清洁度进行评价,结果表明:(1)植物群落增加空气负离子浓度显著高于城区道路,空气质量大多属清洁范围,但受游客人为干扰影响明显;(2)植物群落夏季空气.负离子浓度高于春季,但空气清洁度春季优于夏季;(3)植物群落空气负离子浓度呈现显著的日变化,在10:00～11:00点和17:00点左右出现峰值,且雨后大于雨前;(4)水体对植物群落的负离子浓度有显著影响,动态水优于静态水.     

利用CI值进行衡阳晚稻产量预报方法研究

通过分析衡阳各县晚稻产量与综合气象干旱指数CI值的关系,利用SPSS软件剔除与预报量关系较弱的自变量,建立了CI值对晚稻产量预报的回归模型。结果表明,从回归模型分析来看,剔除洪涝年份后,晚稻Y和D、M的相关性得到了提高,其回归方程为Y=384.187＋0.508M。模型效果检验表明,样本残差服从正态分布;残差散点的分布随机均匀,且大多落在水平直线-2和2之间;标准化残差的正态曲线的均值为0,标准差为0.989,接近标准正态曲线,回归拟合程度高。从模型检验结果来看,利用该模型对2009年各县晚稻产量进行预报,所得结果和实际相比,平均误差为0.428%。     

Melatonin treatment alleviates chilling injury in mango fruit 'Keitt' by modulating proline metabolism under chilling stress

Mangoes often suffer from low temperature-induced chilling injury (CI) during postharvest cold storage.  Therefore, advanced techniques are crucial and in high demand to solve the chilling stress of mango fruit for a higher value.  This study addresses chilling stress modulation by investigating the effects of melatonin treatment on CI, proline metabolism, and related gene expressions of ‘Keitt’ mango during cold storage after dipped in 0 (control), 0.1 (MT1), and 0.2 mmol L^–1 (MT2) melatonin solution for 30 min.  The results revealed that melatonin treatment in MT1 significantly reduced CI development and increased proline content in mango fruit during cold storage compared to the control.  These changes were along with increases in the activity of critical enzymes as well as the expression of encoding genes involved in proline biosynthesis, such as pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS), pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5CR), ornithine D-aminotransferase (OAT), P5CS2, P5CR2, and OAT3.  Additionally, proline dehydrogenase (PDH) activity and the expression of the PDH3 gene associated with proline dehydrogenation were lower in MT1-treated mangoes than the controlled group.  Thus, melatonin treatment has regulated proline metabolism resulting in the accumulation of proline, subsequently contributing to enhancing the chilling tolerance of ‘Keitt’ mango fruit.     

基于CI指数的河北省干旱特征分析及R/S分析

采用《气象干旱等级》国家标准中推荐使用的CI指数,分析了河北省38年来干旱变化情况、各月干旱指数的年变化过程,并采用R/S分析法预测了河北省各月干旱指数未来的变化趋势.结果表明,河北省干旱发生频率相对较高,但时空分布不均匀,1970 ～ 2007年河北省几乎每年均有不同程度的季节干旱发生,春季和冬季干旱较为严重,秋季次之,夏季干旱程度最轻;38年的各月不同干旱指数变化趋势均不显著,但有一定的季节性特征;38年各月不同干旱指数呈现不同的Hurst现象,也有一定的季节性特征.     

茉莉酮酸脂与高氧处理对冷藏水蜜桃的风味影响

以水蜜桃品种为试材，设低Ｏ２，高Ｏ２，茉莉酮酸甲脂（Ｍｊ）以及Ｍｊ和高Ｏ２混合（Ｍｉｘ）４个处理，以空气（Ａｉｒ）处理作对照。处理后，放在２℃的条件下冷藏。采样测定冷藏后果肉组织内的次生代谢物质（异味物质）。结果表明，与对照相比，高Ｏ２和Ｍｉｘ处理均有效抑制冷藏前、中期乙烯和ＣＯ２产生；低氧处理，使整个冷藏期乙烯和ＣＯ２的产生受抑；单独Ｍｊ处理，前期乙烯释放受抑，但加快了整个冷藏期ＣＯ２的释放；Ｍ