废弃蘑菇基料用作蚕沙好氧堆肥调理剂的试验

为探讨以养蚕生产大宗副产物蚕沙制造养分丰富的有机肥料技术,直接采用含有约10%桑枝和5%桑叶的蚕沙为主要原料,以废弃蘑菇基料作为调理剂进行好氧堆肥,研究蘑菇基料的不同添加比例对蚕沙好氧堆肥腐熟条件中的温度、pH、含水率等因素以及堆肥中养分的影响。用90%蚕沙+10%蘑菇基料(处理1)、75%蚕沙+25%蘑菇基料(处理2)、100%蚕沙(对照)制造堆肥,均可在6 h达到最高温度(分别为64.4、66.0、68.3℃),但处理1组的高温持续时间较短,处理2组和对照组的高温持续时间在5 d以上,达到无害化卫生标准规定。处理1组和对照组堆肥中的含水率较高,处理2组可降低堆肥中的含水率及pH。从堆肥中的养分来看,各处理均可增加堆肥中的磷、钾含量,但处理1组和对照组均存在氮素损失(分别下降0.62%、5.84%)的问题,而处理2组由于降低了堆肥的pH,因此比初始状态增加4.19%的氮素含量。综合以上试验结果认为,在蚕沙堆肥过程中添加25%的废弃蘑菇基料有利于改善堆肥的反应条件,提高堆肥的氮素养分含量。     

人工养殖条件下暗纹东方鲀的生长发育特性

对连续3年人工养殖的暗纹东方鲀的体重、体长、肝重、肝体系数、性腺系数和肥满度等指标进行分析,并用体长、体重相关式W=aLb进行拟合,研究其生长、发育情况.结果表明:池养暗纹东方鲀体长与体重的相关式为W=0.0557L2.9029,性成熟前肝脏与体长的相关式为W=0.0033L3.1875,肥满度为0.05±0.01,明显高于野生暗纹东方鲀.通过对性腺系数和肝体系数的分析得出,池养暗纹东方鲀如果培育良好,性腺能较好地发育.     

Larval and juvenile Australian smelt Retropinna semoni somatic and otolith growth parameters – implications for growth interpretation of wild fish

Abstract –  Relationships between fish length, otolith size, age and weight were assessed for a population of wild Australian smelt ( Retropinna semoni ) larvae and juveniles captured over a 4-year period to aid further interpretation of growth and condition during the early life history of the species. Nonlinear smoothed generalized additive models best described the fish–otolith size relationship during the larval and juvenile period, indicating that the proportionality between fish length and otolith size varies in relation to size. It is proposed that back-calculated predictions of fish size at a previous age or otolith size, accounting for individual variation is possible by assuming a body proportional hypothesis. Growth rate of larval and juvenile Australian smelt was best described using the Gompertz model that indicated a steady decline in growth rate after around 30 days of age. The allometric growth of larval and juvenile Australian smelt established from the length/weight relationship can subsequently be used to assess the condition of fish within this population using a relative condition or relative weight condition index. The results of the study have provided significant information to enable more precise growth reconstruction and condition assessment for the species in Australian lowland rivers.     

木聚糖酶高产菌株的诱变选育及产酶条件的研究

试验对黑曲霉进行紫外诱变,结合透明圈法和DNS法从中筛选出一株酶活较高的突变株N86,并对其液体发酵培养基组分进行研究。结果表明,突变株N86的液体发酵培养基最优成分为:麸皮2g,硫酸铵1.0%,葡萄糖0.1%,磷酸二氢钾0.2%,七水合硫酸镁0.05%,吐温-80为0.1%,培养基pH6,250mL三角瓶装液50mL,突变株酶活最高达139IU·mL-1,产酶高峰在72h左右。     

致病疫霉拮抗菌梨黑斑病菌发酵条件的优化

为提高梨黑斑病菌(Alternaria kikuchiana)102菌株发酵产物对致病疫霉(Phytophthora infestans)Z182菌株生长的抑制效率,本研究利用涂布法和滤纸片法、采用单因素试验设计方法,在静置培养条件下,对梨黑斑病菌的最佳发酵条件进行了优化。结果显示,该菌株在28℃、自然pH、80 mL/250 mL装液量、6%接种量、黑暗培养8 d,所得发酵液对致病疫霉有较强的抑制作用,抑菌率可达85.7%。该菌株的抑制率优化后比优化前高出约15%,表明利用该菌株在抑制致病疫霉生长方面有进一步研究和利用的潜力。     

致病疫霉拮抗放线菌NB8发酵条件的优化

为提高放线菌NB8(Streptomyces albus)菌株对致病疫霉(Phytophthora in festans)的抑制效率,本试验采用滤纸片法以单因子试验对拮抗放线菌NB8菌株的发酵条件进行优化.结果表明优化后的最佳发酵条件为:将NB8菌株经高氏一号液体培养5 d的种子液,以125 mL/250 mL的装液量...     

红松人工幼龄林调控技术的研究

皆伐迹地红松人工幼龄林的透光抚育,应实行上重下轻的综合透光抚育。均匀保留上层阔叶树和带状保留上层阔叶树,这２种抚育方式都是可行的。保留上层阔叶树５００株／ｈｍ＾２或略高于此较为适宜。伐去全部上层阔叶树和不伐上层阔叶树都不利于人工林的培育。     

贮藏条件对郁金香花粉生命力的影响

以花粉萌发率为指标,研究了6种贮藏条件对4个品种的郁金香花粉生命力的影响.结果表明:不同品种的郁金香花粉生命力不同.贮藏温度对郁金香花粉生命力有很大影响,-18℃ 冷冻条件有利于保持郁金香花粉生命力,0～2℃冷藏条件次之,20～25℃常温条件最差.贮藏湿度对郁金香花粉也有影响,在常温和冷藏条件下,干燥条件比非干燥条件更有利于郁金香花粉生命力的保持.     

粒毛盘菌多糖脱蛋白方法及其条件优化

分别采用Sevage法、三氯乙酸-正丁醇(TCA-NBA)法、酶-Sevage法以及酶-TCA-NBA法对粒毛盘菌YM281胞外多糖进行脱蛋白。结果表明:用酶-TCA-NBA法对粒毛盘菌YM281胞外多糖脱蛋白的效果最佳,蛋白脱除率为51.57%,且此时多糖损失率(3.46%)为最低;进一步采用均匀设计优化该方法的脱蛋白条件,所得最优脱蛋白条件为:粒毛盘菌YM281多糖溶液20mL、木瓜蛋白酶溶液11mL、温度42.2℃、pH 4、酶解时间3.5h;除去变性蛋白后,再利用TCA-NBA法脱蛋白2次即可;采用所得的最优方法和条件脱蛋白,其蛋白脱除率高达72.3%,多糖损失率仅为2.93%。     

Body condition scoring (BCS) in corn snakes (Pantherophis guttatus) and comparison to pre-existing body condition index (BCI) for snakes

In the veterinary profession, the body condition score (BCS) plays an important role in the assessment of patients. It is a subjective, tactile method of evaluating body fat and muscle mass and is used in numerous species. Recognizing obesity (or the contrary, emaciation) is important for veterinarians treating reptiles and could be facilitated by a BCS. An existing form of body condition assessment already used is the body condition index (BCI), where the residuals from a regression of body mass on body length are calculated. Therefore, the goal of this study was to provide practitioners with a BCS system for corn snakes (Pantherophis guttatus) and to test it against the BCI. A total of 22 corn snakes (Pantherophis guttatus), stationed at the “Auffangstation für Reptilien” in Munich (reptile rescue centre, RRC), were subject of this study. Each had the following measurements taken: body weight (BW), snout–tail tip length (STL), snout–vent length (SVL) and circumference in the middle (C). Manual palpation of spine, area between vertebral spinous and transverse process, ribs and neck of each snake was performed by three veterinarians and assigned to specific scores by each examiner. A BCS (mean of examiners’ scores) was given to each snake according to manual palpation. The BCS system was chosen to be out of 5 in 0.5-point steps with 2.5 considered as ideal BCS. In the studied snakes, the BCS ranged from 1.5 to 3.5, with a median of 2.5. The median BW was 309 g (75–967 g), the median STL was 123 cm (79–153 cm), the median SVL was 104 cm (73–133 cm) and the median C was 7.5 cm (4.3–11 cm). BCS and BCI were positively correlated. A BCS includes a manual palpation of the animal and thus gives the examiner additional information to the objectively measured/calculated index.