粉红螺旋聚孢霉NF-06固体发酵条件优化及对南方根结线虫的防治效果

南方根结线虫是一种严重危害我国蔬菜安全生产的土传病害,生产上亟需一种有效的防控方法。本研究从根结线虫卵囊中分离到一株生防真菌NF-06,通过形态学和分子生物学方法将其鉴定为粉红螺旋聚孢霉Clonostachys rosea。通过离体活性测定的方法测定NF-06发酵滤液对根结线虫2龄幼虫的致死作用,发现24、48和72 h后2龄幼虫的相对死亡率分别达63.6%,75.5%和87.0%。以产孢量为指标,优化菌株NF-06固体发酵条件,确定最佳基础培养基为麦麸和麦秸秆混合物,其比例为4：1（wt/wt）,在基础培养基中添加10%玉米粉、2%蚕豆粉和0.05% KH₂PO₄可获得最大产孢量;最优培养条件为初始pH值7.0,初始含水量40%,接种量5%,产孢量达8.9×10¹⁰ CFU/g。室内盆栽防治效果测定显示,菌株NF-06固体发酵物能够有效降低土壤中的线虫数量和番茄根结指数,其中5 g/株穴施处理的线虫减退率和防治效果分别达67.9%和69.6%。本研究为生物杀线虫剂的开发和利用提供理论依据。     

工程堆积体入渗特性及持水能力对降雨条件的响应

为探讨降雨对工程堆积体入渗特性及持水能力的影响,采用室内土壤基本物理性质分析及野外双环入渗方法,对不同降雨条件下工程堆积体入渗特性及持水能力的变化及影响因素进行研究。结果表明:工程堆积体土壤基本物理性质在不同降雨条件和坡位有较大差异,不同降雨条件下工程堆积体坡下的土壤容重大小表现为干旱(Ⅰ)小雨(Ⅱ)中雨(Ⅲ)大雨(Ⅳ);不同坡位工程堆积体的总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度大小表现为坡下坡中坡上。不同降雨条件下,初始入渗速率大小表现为干旱(Ⅰ)小雨(Ⅱ)大雨(Ⅳ)中雨(Ⅲ),其大小依次为8.91,5.52,3.96,3.25mm/min;稳定入渗率大小表现为干旱(Ⅰ)中雨(Ⅲ)小雨(Ⅱ)大雨(Ⅳ),其大小依次为4.40,1.45,1.32,0.53mm/min。不同降雨条件下工程堆积体坡下的最大有效库容大小表现为大雨(Ⅳ)小雨(Ⅱ)干旱(Ⅰ)中雨(Ⅲ),其大小依次为469.03,402.48,378.11,321.88t/hm2,中雨(Ⅲ)条件下工程堆积体在各坡位的田间持水量最大。工程堆积体的持水能力与总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、入渗性能呈显著正相关关系,而与容重呈显著负相关关系。研究结果可为工程堆积体边坡水土流失防治提供重要科学依据。     

红松人工幼龄林调控技术的研究

皆伐迹地红松人工幼龄林的透光抚育,应实行上重下轻的综合透光抚育。均匀保留上层阔叶树和带状保留上层阔叶树,这２种抚育方式都是可行的。保留上层阔叶树５００株／ｈｍ＾２或略高于此较为适宜。伐去全部上层阔叶树和不伐上层阔叶树都不利于人工林的培育。     

莲子草假隔链格孢在不同条件下的生长和产孢能力

莲子草假隔链格孢(Nimbyaalternantherae)在PDA、PCA、NBA、CMA、MA、ZA、GA、OA、Czapek和“组织煎汁”等10种培养基上均能生长;在PCA上产孢最多,而在Czapek培养基上不能产孢病菌经回接后从病茎再分离,产孢能力可提高1倍多病菌在30℃下生长最快,25℃下产孢量最大,15℃下则不产孢全光照(3000lx)可促进菌丝生长,但会抑制产孢     

Evaluation on the Damage Evolution of the CRCP+AC Composite Pavement by the Concrete Dameged Plasticity Material Model

In the study on the CRCP+AC composite pavement, the form and distribution pattern of cracks are two important factors influencing the performance and the lifetime of the pavement. The concrete damaged plasticity material model incorporated in the general purpose finite element software named ABAUQS was adopted to describe the mechanical characteristics of the CRC slab. Combining with the temperature field database drawn from the three-dimensional transient heat transfer analysis, the structural damage under the condition of temperature changing is analyzed. The structural damage evolution and the crack behavior of the CRC slab subjected to the thermal-mechanical coupling condition are further analyzed, which suggests that the role of the asphalt concrete surface is not confined only to the scope of improving the performance of the road, its capacity for improving the stress state of CRCP slab is worthwhile to be affirmed. And the reasonable thickness of AC layer should be designed in consideration of the thermal contraction and damage properties of the CRC slab comprehensively.     

黄瓜霜霉病生物测定技术研究

研究了诱发黄瓜霜霉病孢子囊大量产生的条件;明确了黄瓜霜霉病菌可在低温冰冻条件下保存。接种后20℃左右,保持24 h黑暗,相对湿度90%以上,以后光照16 h/d,适宜霜霉病菌的侵染发展。比较6种生测方法,以叶盘蘸药漂浮法的敏感性及稳定性最好。     

培养条件对春油菜菌核病产生菌核影响的研究

本文对春油菜菌核病菌（Sclerotinia sclerotiorum(Lib.)Derbay)产生菌核的影响因子进行初步研究。结果表明：菌丝产生菌核的最适温度15－20℃；最适PH3－8；最适碳源为葡萄糖;适氮源为胰蛋白胨；最适培养基为玉米粉琼脂培养基。     

不同条件下夏玉米冠层反射光谱响应特性的研究

通过对两个年份不同牛育阶段的田间夏玉米活体进行冠层反射光谱测定,该文分析了不同空间尺度、种植密度、观测角度、生育阶段、叶面积指数KAI、氮素胁迫、叶片含水量以及与杂草共生等8个条件下的冠层反射光谱响应特性,并探讨其发生机理,研究结果表明,夏玉米在不同条件下的冠层反射光谱响应均呈现出一定的规律性.在近红外波段,其反射率值随氮肥施用量的增加而增大,尤以750～1350 nm波段,但在可见光波段,反射率值降低;随着观测探头的逐步升高,反射率值降低:随杂草量的增多,反射率值逐渐增大.这些结果揭示了高光谱遥感田间夏玉米理化信息获取的巨大潜力,同时,为以后遥感反演建模提供了依据.     

致病疫霉拮抗放线菌NB8发酵条件的优化

为提高放线菌NB8(Streptomyces albus)菌株对致病疫霉(Phytophthora in festans)的抑制效率,本试验采用滤纸片法以单因子试验对拮抗放线菌NB8菌株的发酵条件进行优化.结果表明优化后的最佳发酵条件为:将NB8菌株经高氏一号液体培养5 d的种子液,以125 mL/250 mL的装液量...     

Milk progesterone enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as a tool to investigate ovarian cyclicity of water buffaloes in relation to body condition score and milk production

Background

Application of assisted reproductive technologies in buffaloes is limited to some extent by farmers’ inability to detect oestrus because of its poor expression. The present study aimed at investigating reliability of a milk progesterone enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to assess the ovarian cyclicity during post partum, oestrus and post-breeding periods in water buffaloes.

Methods

Progesterone concentrations were measured by an ELISA in milk of 23 postpartum buffaloes in relation to oestrus, pregnancy, body condition score (BCS) and milk production. Two milk samples were taken at 10 days intervals, every month starting from day 30 and continued to day 150 post partum. BCS and milk production were recorded during sample collection. Milk samples from bred buffaloes were collected at Day 0 (day of breeding), Days 10–12 and Days 22–24. Defatted milk was preserved at −80°C until analysis. Pregnancy was confirmed by palpation per rectum on Days 70–90.

Results

Seventeen buffaloes had 47 ovulatory cycles, one to four in each, 13 were detected in oestrus once (28 % oestrus detection rate). Progesterone concentration ≥1 ng/ml in one of the two 10-day-interval milk samples reflected ovulation and corpus luteum formation. The intervals between calving to first luteal activity and to first detected oestrus varied from 41 to 123 days (n = 17) and 83 to 135 (n = 13) days, respectively. Eight buffaloes were bred in the course of the study and seven were found pregnant. These buffaloes had a progesterone profile of low (<1 ng/ml), high (≥ 1 ng/ml) and high (≥ 1 ng/ml) on Day 0, Days 10–12 and Days 22–24, respectively. Buffaloes cycling later in the postpartum period had fewer missed oestruses (P < 0.05). Buffaloes with a superior BCS had a shorter calving to oestrus interval and produced more milk (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Milk progesterone ELISA is a reliable tool for monitoring ovarian cyclicity and good BCS may be an indicator of resuming cyclicity in water buffalo.