插齿切削厚度计算机辅助计算与绘图

本文在文献[1] 的基础上,进一步研究了插齿刀切入刃、顶刃和切出刃的切削厚度,编制了计算机程序,并绘制了切削厚度曲线图,避免了繁杂的人工计算。     

黄土区小流域坡沟系统侵蚀与淤地坝拦蓄特征演变响应研究

通过实地调查和建立关地沟坡沟系统概化模型的有限元模拟,结合数学推导,研究坡沟系统的剩余坡长随坝地淤高的相关关系。结果表明,随着坝地淤高,坝库淤积的泥沙量与坝高和相同淤积高度下的各淤积阶段淤积泥沙量及淤积高度分别满足二项式的相关关系;相同的产沙量落淤在坝地上垂直淤积高度与坝地当前淤高满足乘幂的相关关系。     

Timing and intensity of precommercial thinning in Pinus sylvestris stands

The effects of timing and intensity of precommercial thinning were studied in three Scots pine artificially regenerated stands on Vaccinium forest sites in southern Finland. A two-level factorial design (3×3) was used in each stand: thinning at dominant height of 3, 6 and 9 m to 1000, 1600 and 2200 stems ha^?1. The effects of the treatments were analysed after a period of 23–25 yrs when the dominant height was 14–15 m. Early thinning resulted in the highest standing volume and amount of merchantable wood, and also in slightly accelerated height development. Thinning to 1000 stems ha^?1 caused a considerable production loss, but there were no differences between the densities of 1600 and 2200 stems ha^?1. Branches became thicker after early thinning, but the differences between the treatments were negligible for crop trees. Crown ratio was lowest as the result of early or moderate thinning (2200 stems ha^?1).     

Variation in sapwood thickness of Picea abies in Estonia depending on the tree age

Variation of sapwood thickness in terms of a linear measurement and a growth ring count with reference to the age was studied in dominant and suppressed Norway spruce trees. In the trees of both dominance classes the sapwood thickness increased in absolute terms, while its relative portion decreased with the age of the trees growing. Great differences were found in sapwood thickness between dominant and suppressed trees in linear measurements but not in the number of sapwood rings or the rate of the heartwood formation. The number of sapwood growth rings reached 40 in old trees. The index of vigour differed considerably in dominant and suppressed trees.     

Variations in wood anatomical properties and specific gravity of half sib progenies of Populus deltoides

We studied radial and inter-progeny variations in the dimensions of the wood elements and specific gravity of 21 half sib progenies of Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. The female parents of half sibprogenies were G48 and S7C13 clones. Variance ratio (F) test indicated that inter-progeny variations in the dimensions of wood elements andspecific gravity were significant for all wood traits while variations were significant for radial location for specific gravity only. Hierarchical cluster analysis was done by Squared Euclidean Distance for all of 21 progenies considering six wood traits. 21 progenies were grouped into 4 clusters. Cluster 1 was the largest cluster with 11 progenies, whereas cluster 3 had only one progeny. Selected progenies in clusters 3 (progeny 155,male) and 4 (progeny 108, 196, both female) were highly divergent from the other progenies so they were used in combinations as parents of hybrids to develop new clones with desired characters. Progeny 155 showed higher growth, fiber dimensions, and specific gravity, thus,should be used for the development of new clones.     

立地条件对落叶松人工林生长的影响

通过对日本落叶松(Larix kaempferi)人工林在不同立地条件下的生长调查,结果表明,日本落叶松在生长过程中,受土层厚度、林地位置、立地指数等多方面因素的制约:厚层土胸径年生长量比中层土和薄层土高9.2%～26.7%,树高年生长量高21.8%～44%;生长在N坡,坡度较缓、山地下腹为优;在不同的立地指数级中,生长差异明显,18以上指数级比14～18指数级胸径生长量高25.4%,比14以下指数级胸径生长量高33.8%,树高生长量,18以上指数级比14～18指数级高26.7%,比14以下指数级高36.3%。培育日本落叶松人工林,选择优质立地条件不但可提高林木的生长速度,又能促使林木优质高产。     

Selection of Rice Lines Using SPGP Seedling Method for Direct Seeding

Abstract

Lodging is a major cause of yield loss in the rice production systems using direct seeding. In this study, several characteristics of 80 F₄ breeding lines and 10 check cultivars were examined in connection with lodging resistance to establish a technique suitable for screening a large number of lines efficiently for breeding rice for direct seeding. Experiments were conducted over a 2-year period in puddled wet-fields and in seed pack growth pouches (SPGP). Among the root parameters of SPGP seedlings, only root thickness had a significant positive correlation (r = 0.495**) with pushing resistance, which is the force to bend rice culm to a designated angle and is correlated with lodging resistance. The root thickness of SPGP seedlings was also positively correlated with root thickness in the field at 18 (r = 0.346**) and 30 (r = 0.512**) days after seeding. For selected lines and check cultivars, positive correlations were found between pushing resistance and culm thickness in the field (r = 0.809**), between pushing resistance and root thickness in SPGP (r = 0.694**). Culm length and panicle number were negatively correlated with pushing resistance (r=–0.454**, r=–0.563**, respectively). Among the characteristics related to lodging, root and culm thickness were higher in selected breeding lines than in check cultivars. Grain yield was positively correlated with panicle weight (r = 0.601**) and harvest index (r = 0.586**) but not with panicle number (r=–0.007ns). Thus the low-tillering, panicle-weight type plants with thick roots and culms seem to be suitable for direct seeding. Some promising lines and candidate parental lines for the next crossing cycle for direct seeding were identified.     

粉煤灰场复垦地肥力状况及对土壤理化性质的影响

选择安徽省淮南市上窑镇粉煤灰处置场覆土复垦地为研究区域,测定覆土厚度和土壤剖面各层的容重、pH、含水量、有机质等理化性质,土壤总氮、有效磷、速效钾等养分含量,以及冬小麦抽穗期的生物量,研究粉煤灰处置场复垦土壤理化性质及其与土壤养分的相关性,不同覆土厚度复垦地冬小麦生长的差异性.结果表明,粉煤灰场复垦地土壤总氮含量约0.90 g/kg,有效磷和速效钾含量分别为12～76 mg/kg、114～135 mg/kg,土壤肥力与作物生长状况和自然农业土壤相比差异不显著;除复垦土壤厚度、容重、含水量对有效磷含量影响显著外,其余土壤养分与土壤理化性质和表土厚度的相关性不强.