Central corneal thickness in koi fish: effects of age, sex, body length, and corneal diameter

OBJECTIVE: To establish the central corneal thickness (CCT) of normal koi fish by ultrasonic pachymetry, and its relationship to age, sex, body length and corneal diameter. METHODS: Age, sex and body length of 33 koi fish (17 male and 16 female fish) were recorded. Horizontal and vertical corneal diameters of each eye were obtained using Jameson calipers. Central corneal thickness of all eyes was measured by ultrasonic pachymetry. Intraocular pressure (IOP) by rebound tonometry was obtained for a subgroup of nine koi (18 eyes). RESULTS: Mean central corneal thickness was 325.9 microm. Central corneal thickness of female koi was greater than CCT of male fish (P < 0.01). Central corneal thickness increased with increasing age overall and within both sexes (P < 0.01). Central corneal thickness increased with increasing body length (P < 0.001). For male and female fish, CCT increased with increasing horizontal and vertical corneal diameters (P < 0.01). Mean horizontal corneal diameter (HCD) was 8.05 mm, mean vertical corneal diameter (VCD) was 7.38 mm, and HCD was consistently greater than VCD. Mean IOP of a subgroup of these koi was 4.9 mmHg by rebound tonometry. CONCLUSIONS: Koi CCT increases with increasing age, body length and corneal diameter.     

沂蒙黑山羊猾子皮组织结构的研究

本文对沂蒙黑山羊两个年龄段（１～３日龄的小猾子皮和１月龄左右的大猾子皮）１２只羔羊的皮肤组织结构进行了系统研究。结果表明：出生至１月龄，表皮和真皮均明显增厚（Ｐ＜０．０１），但真皮的网状层快于乳头层的生长。随年龄的增长．Ｓ／Ｐ值增大．小猾子皮和大猾子皮的Ｓ／Ｐ分别为４和７．４７．随年龄增长，初级毛囊数相对下降（Ｐ＞０．０５），次级毛囊数增加极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。胶原纤维在乳头层排列紧密，编织成网，在网状层呈水平方向排列且较稀疏。弹性纤维仅分布于乳头层毛囊的周围．     

Effect of the side of ovulation on the uterine morphometry,blood flow,progesterone, oestradiol and nitric oxide during spontaneous and induced oestrus in lactating dairy cows

This study investigates the changes in endometrial thickness between ipsilateral and contralateral uterine horns, diameter, blood flow area and hormonal concentrations in cows during natural and induced oestrus. In the induced group, six cows received a controlled internal device insert for 7 days. In the normal and induced oestrous group (n = 12), Doppler was performed day after day from day 5 till day 15. Oestradiol, progesterone and nitric oxide metabolites (NOMs) were measured. Results showed that dorsal, ventral and cross-section diameter of the ipsilateral horn increased during the induced oestrous group to reach a maximum on day 2 than during normal one. The total coloured area in both horns in a normal and induced group was also affected (p < .001), as the total coloured area in the ipsilateral horns, increased in the induced group, reach a maximum on day 2 after ovulation, while in normal it reaches a maximum on day of ovulation. Oestradiol increased during the induced cycle than during the normal one, but progesterone increased during days after ovulation reaches a higher value on day 10 in both groups. Nitric oxide showed two peaks, one on the day 3 and another peak on day 5. Conclusion: The ipsilateral uterine horn different diameters and thickness increased more rapidly in the induced oestrous group than the natural oestrus group. A complete analysis of variations in P4 and E2 concentrations and endometrial thickness suggested that decreases in P4 concentrations were related to an increase in endometrial thickness and that increases in E2 concentrations enhanced these endometrial changes.     

冷藏库隔热层的经济性探讨

根据隔热材料的热物理性质、现行价格和冷库构造及使用要求，采用模糊综合证判法选择隔热材料，采用经济厚度法确定隔热层厚度，此方法着眼于经济效果，使隔热层的投资、经营管理费用和食品干耗损失费用之和趋于最小，用矩阵实验室5.3(MATLAB5.3)对冷库隔热层进行优化设计计算，力图获得安全、经济的效果。     

黄河泥沙碟式分离机转鼓壁厚设计计算

针对黄河泥沙分离机结构参数设计,介绍了碟式分离机工作原理,分析了转鼓壁离心应力产生的原因。利用第三强度理论,推导出分离机转鼓壁厚计算公式,并根据黄河水的特性计算出转鼓壁厚。     

基于重叠网格的皮蛋喷淋涂膜仿真研究

为了加深对皮蛋喷淋涂膜工艺的认识,使用Fluent软件中重叠网格耦合VOF模型开展两相流研究,获得皮蛋不同摆放姿势下的液膜润湿比,并以膜厚变化指数为响应值,结合Box-Behnken试验筛选出悬垂液滴去除时最优吸管参数与工作压力,结果显示：尖端朝下摆放的皮蛋经过喷淋后液膜润湿比为1,而钝端朝下摆放的皮蛋经过喷淋后液膜润湿比仅为0.836,筛选出最优吸管参数组合为间距14.50 mm、直径12.09 mm、工作压力6.97 kPa、膜厚变化指数预测值为0.636。在最优吸管参数组合下进行仿真试验,并利用气吸装置开展悬垂液滴去除试验,试验结果显示,膜厚变化指数仿真值与预测值的相对误差为1.73%,膜厚变化指数的实际值与预测值的相对误差为7.55%,与仿真值的相对误差为9.12%。结果表明本研究的耦合模型可用于皮蛋喷淋涂膜仿真试验。     

内蒙白猪胴体性状的通径分析

本项研究主要利用通径分析的方法,对内蒙白猪瘦肉率与其他胴体性状的相关关系进行了剖析,找出了影响瘦肉率的主要性状是胴体重和胴体长,其次为屠宰率,而其他各性状对瘦肉率的作用都很小,对提高瘦肉率没有什么实际意义,对内蒙白猪今后选优提纯,进行个体选择价值都不大。经过分析讨论,得出的结论是:提高内蒙白猪的瘦肉率,间接选择活猜的体重和体长两项性状最为有效。同时也是内蒙白猪不经屠宰,无需化费人力、物力、时间等,经过间接选择活猪体重、体长这两个指标,即可达到直接提高猪瘦肉率的目的。     

E1级防潮型中密度纤维板的工艺因子对甲醛释放量的影响

为了生产符合要求的E1级防潮型中密度纤维板,胶粘剂最好使用三聚氰胺改性的低毒脲醛树脂胶粘剂,三聚氰胺添加量为80 g·kg-1时能满足E1级防潮型中密度纤维板的生产要求.在胶粘剂已定的情况下,施胶量增加可以降低板材甲醛释放量,11%～13%施胶量比较合适;热压温度升高、热压时间延长能明显降低板材中甲醛释放量;随着中密度纤维板厚度增加,板材中甲醛释放量也能降低.本次实验中板材厚度为16 mm时,热压温度190 ℃,热压时间25 s·mm-1是比较合适的.图4表1参7     

可调导叶式混流泵主要设计要素的确定

对叶片可调导叶式混流泵主要设计要素的确定方法进行了理论研究,应用该理论设计了比转数为 600混流泵的水力模型,试验结果表明,泵的性能达到了设计要求。     

Body status and blood metabolites profiles during resumption of postpartum ovarian activity in yak (Poephagus grunniens)

We examined the changes in body weight (BW), back-fat thickness (BFT) and blood metabolites in relation to postpartum (PP) ovarian activity status in twenty female yaks raised under semi-intensive system. BFT and ovarian activities, like follicle development, ovulation (OV) and corpus luteum (CL) development, were monitored from 4 to 15 weeks (wk) PP using ultrasonography. Resumption of ovarian activity was confirmed with ovulation of dominant follicle (DF) and subsequent CL development, and >1 ng/ml progesterone concentration in blood plasma sample after 1week of ovulation. Yaks were further classified as cyclic (with CL), acyclic (without CL), and cystic (with >25 mm follicular cyst; FC). Within 20 weeks PP, 60% yaks resumed cyclic ovarian activity, while 25% failed to initiate cycling activity, and 15% developed follicular cysts. In all categories of yak, BW gradually decreased (p < .05) till nadir; however, nadir reached earlier (p < .05) in acyclic yaks. BFT differed (p < .05) among the yak groups, but it tended to be higher in cyclic yaks as compared to acyclic and cystic. No difference (p > .05) in non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) values was found among the different categories of yaks, whereas, beta-hydroxy butyrate (BHB) levels were higher in cystic animals as compared to acyclic and cyclic. Blood glucose levels decreased in all yaks during initial 2 weeks after calving. Our findings suggest that yaks with low BW, BFT and glucose levels, and higher BHB values were at risk of delayed resumption of ovarian activity and concomitant development of follicular cysts.