水肥耦合对树莓光合特性和果实品质的影响

通过在田间利用防雨棚和测坑设施进行试验,研究水肥耦合对树莓光合特性及果实品质的影响。结果表明:土壤水分适度时适量增施肥料有利于树莓叶片净光合速率(Pn)提高,控制肥料施入可有效降低树莓叶片的蒸腾速率(Tr)和提高细胞间隙CO2浓度(Ci);肥料适度时适量提高土壤水分有利于提高树莓叶片的净光合速率(Pn)和叶片气孔导度(Gs),控制土壤含水量有利于树莓叶片的蒸腾速率(Tr)降低和细胞间隙CO2浓度(Ci)的提高。在施肥水平相同的条件下,适中的土壤含水量有利于果实中有机酸、可溶性糖和SOD营养物质的积累,充足的土壤含水量有利于果实中可溶性固形物和Vc含量的积累。土壤含水量控制在32%以上,施肥量在460.95kg/hm2水平有利于树莓光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)的提高和午休时间的缩短;土壤含水量控制在26.2%以上,施肥量在270kg/hm2水平有利于降低树莓的蒸腾速率(Tr)和提高树莓果实品质。     

发酵糟渣旋流闪蒸干燥及其热物性参数的快速测定

介绍了利用旋流闪蒸干燥器干燥发酵糟渣时，气流与物料间放热系数及糟渣物料热传导率、热扩散系数的简便快速测定方法。     

Effect of resveratrol on growth performance,rectal temperature and serum parameters of yellow‐feather broilers under heat stress

This study investigated the effect of dietary resveratrol supplementation on growth performance, rectal temperature, and serum parameters of yellow‐feather broilers under heat stress. A total of 480 yellow‐feather broilers (28‐day‐old) were randomly allotted to five groups with six replicates. A thermoneutral group (TN) (24 ± 2°C) received a basal diet and another four heat‐stressed groups (37 ± 2°C for 8 hr/day and 24 ± 2°C for the remaining time) were fed the basal diet or basal diet with 200, 350, and 500 mg/kg resveratrol for 14 consecutive days. The results revealed that resveratrol supplementation improved average daily gain (p = 0.001), and decreased (p < 0.05) rectal temperature from d 3 when compared with heat‐stressed group without resveratrol. In addition, supplementation with resveratrol at 350 or 500 mg/kg lowered (p < 0.05) the contents of corticosterone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid, malonaldehyde, and activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase, increased (p < 0.05) the levels of triiodothyronine, the ratio of triiodothyronine to thyroxine, total protein, glutathione, and activities of alkaline phosphatase, total superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, though with few fluctuation. In conclusion, supplementation with resveratrol can improve the growth performance by positively regulating serum metabolic parameters and alleviating tissue oxidant damage of broilers under heat stress.     

太阳能辅助闭式热源塔热泵系统冬季制热性能

热源塔热泵系统以空气为冷热源,在冬季制热时其性能会随环境温度的降低而降低。为此研发了可应用陕南地区农村建筑的太阳能辅助闭式热源塔热泵系统,试验研究了冬季工况下系统的制热性能,初步分析了太阳热能与空气热能的互补机理。研究结果表明：系统制热量范围为12.1～15.2 kW,热泵机组性能系数范围为2.3～3.5,系统能效比范围为1.5～2.4,供热温度高于41 ℃;冷却水温度对压缩机耗电量的影响程度大于防冻溶液温度,冷却水平均温度每升高1 ℃,压缩要耗电量增加98.1 W,而防冻溶液平均温度每升高1 ℃,压缩机耗电量减小9.5 W;太阳能辅助热源塔热泵制热模式下,热泵机组通过改变防冻溶液与空气和集热工质换热温差的方法来改变防冻溶液从空气和集热水箱中的吸热量,以实现空气热能与太阳热能的互补。建议在实际应用中应避免供热温度过高以减小压缩机耗电;在集热水箱温度较高时通过降低风机频率减小风机耗电以提高系统综合能效,但应避免风机低频率工作可能给机组安全运行带来的隐患。     

生物质能的开发与利用

全世界总能耗的七分之一来自生物质能,约有15亿以上的人口仍把生物质能作为他们的主要能源。生物质能是唯一既具有矿物燃料属性,又有可储存、可再生、可转换等特点,并较少受自然条件制约的能源。生物质经过转化可以成为有用的热能、电能和作为动力用的燃料,主要转换途径有直接燃烧、气化或液化。生物质经过气化可转化为高品位的一氧化碳、氢气和甲烷等可燃气体。经过厌氧消化,生物质可转化为沼气,生物质转化为液态燃料有热化、生化、机械和化学等方法。     

Experimental Analysis on Function of Free Cooling Unit with a Pump-driven Loop Heat Pipe for Internet Data Center

A free cooling unit with a pump-driven loop heat pipe was designed for internet data center (IDC), and its components and working processes were described. The experiment system for the developed prototype was built and the comprehensive studies were conducted. The experimental results demonstrate that the coefficient of performance (COP) of the unit can reach to 5.88 when the temperature difference between IDC indoor and outdoor is 10℃, and it will be 10.41 when the temperature difference is 18℃. When mass flow rate of the working fluid in the unit changes within a certain range, namely the gasification rate of the fluid being between 2% and 50%, there is no significant changes for the heat transfer capacity. And there is an approximately linear relationship between the capacity and the temperature difference. Meanwhile, with the increase of the system resistance, both temperature difference of the fluid between inlet and outlet of the evaporator and the proportion of the sensible heat to the capacity also increase.     

草莓热处理结合茎尖脱毒技术研究

以草莓品种"红颜"、"章姬"为试材,采用"茎尖培养+热处理"方法获得草莓脱毒组培苗,并建立其组培快繁体系。结果表明:茎尖诱导培养最佳培养基配方为MS+6-BA 0.5mg/L+NAA 0.02mg/L。在继代与增殖培养阶段,初期MS+6-BA 0.5mg/L+NAA 0.05mg/L增殖效果最好,后期培养基MS+6-BA 0.2mg/L+NAA 0.01mg/L有利于壮苗。生根阶段的最佳培养基配方,以1/2MS+IBA 0.1mg/L生根效果最好,生根率为100%。练苗移栽的基质为珍珠岩∶蛭石为1∶1,移栽成活率可达95%以上。     

花脸香蘑菌丝体生长特性研究

采用液体和平板培养法对花脸香蘑菌丝体的生长特性进行了研究。结果表明:玉米粉是花脸香蘑菌丝生长适宜的碳源,浓度在3%时菌丝长势好,长速可达9.2 mm/d;蛋白胨和酵母膏氮源是最佳氮源,适宜浓度为0.3%,长速可达8.2～8.4 mm/d;菌丝生长最适温度为25℃;最适pH为6。     

射流泵液固两相流特性三维大涡模拟

为研究射流泵的三维液固两相流动特性,应用计算流体动力学（CFD）方法模拟其内部流动特征.采用LES方法和混合模型对射流泵在输送固体颗粒时的三维流场进行了数值模拟,分析了不同的固体颗粒直径、固相初始体积分数及流量比等参数对射流泵液固两相射流的湍射流场及射流泵基本特性的影响.结果表明：在较小的流量比条件下,固液两相流射流泵的压力比和效率与清水时的差别不大;但是在较大的流量比条件下,随着固相初始体积分数的增大,基本性能曲线与效率均下降,且流量比和固相初始体积分数越大时,其下降幅度越大;在固相初始体积分数和固相颗粒直径一定时,流量比越大,充分混合后的含砂体积分数将随之增大.固体颗粒直径越大,则越容易产生局部体积分布集中的现象,易在射流泵内形成堵塞.研究结果为工程实际应用提供了一定的技术支持.     

蚬木曲脉木虱的生物学特性及室内药效试验

蚬木曲脉木虱经鉴定为一新种。此害虫常以若虫群集于嫩芽、嫩叶上为害,在日均温度28.8℃时,卵期最短为5天,最长6天,平均5.24天。若虫期17天,脱皮4次;每雌产卵量212粒,产卵前期5～6天,产卵期8～14天,卵聚产或散产。其一生可交尾多次;完成一个世代约需30天,世代重迭,无明显越冬现象。虫口密度年消长与抽梢密切相关,春梢虫口密度达全年最高峰,与降雨量呈负相关,但不达显著。