紫荆光合日进程及光响应

自然条件下使用LCA-4型便携式光合测定系统研究了紫荆连体叶片的光合日变化及光响应。结果表明:(1)净光合速率的日进程曲线呈“双峰”型,胞间CO2浓度的日进程基本与净光合速率相反,中午胞间CO2浓度增高,表明净光合速率午间降低主要受非气孔限制因素的影响。暗呼吸速率日进程为单峰曲线,中午最高。气孔阻力的日变化曲线是单谷型,午间最低。(2)一天分时段光响应试验表明,饱和光强和表观量子效率上午最高,中午最低,下午有所上升。下午的光补偿点是上午的2倍,中午则是上午的近3倍。不同时段遮光都使得气孔阻力和胞间CO2浓度升高。     

刺五加"全光喷雾"硬枝扦插育苗试验

刺五加为扦插难生根树种，以1．5a生刺五加苗为母株采穗扦插，其平均生根率达60％以上，最高达90％。     

太行山区侧柏大规格容器移栽育苗造林成效对比试验

在太行山石质山区采用不同规格容器袋进行侧柏育苗造林对比试验,结果表明,在3月份采用1年生大田裸根苗移栽到13cm×2 0cm的大规格容器内培育10 0～110天后,在7～8月份雨季上山造林,保存率比小规格播种容器(6. 4cm×15cm)苗提高10 %左右。     

Do rates of litter decomposition tell us anything we really need to know?

Results of several long-term studies of non-woody litter decomposition in forests indicate that we need to rethink why and how we measure rates of litter decomposition. Effects on litter decomposition rates were postulated to explain some of the nutritional effects of factors such as tree species, forest harvesting and fertilization. However, the accumulated experimental evidence indicates that litter decomposition rates do not mediate these responses. Many studies have reported litter mass loss becoming extremely slow at values considerably below 100%, indicating that early decay rates may not accurately foreshadow the entire decay process. Exclusion of soil faunal activities from current measurements of decomposition rates seriously reduces the likelihood that we are properly modeling decomposition. Finally, the use of regression and correlation analyses to determine which climate or initial litter quality factors control decay rate has led to many unwarranted and potentially misleading conclusions. These concerns are illustrated with examples from a suite of litter decomposition studies in British Columbia, Canada. Insights into nutrient cycling and carbon storage in ecosystems are more likely to arise from measuring the mass and nutrient content of annual litter input and determining the maximum decomposition limit and nutrient content at that stage, than by measuring early rates of decay. Improved predictions of relative decay rates of plant litters are likely to arise from a holistic approach based on plant life attributes rather than correlations based on individual initial litter chemistry parameters. Finally, a better understanding of the fate of faecal material of soil fauna is necessary before we can accurately predict and model litter decomposition.     

Behavior of four broad-leaved tree species used to revegetate eroded granite hill slopes

Information on primary growth behavior after planting is required for mixed-plantation revegetation using broad-leaved species. To estimate primary growth, especially from the perspective of crown coverage and changing growth rates, we examined the growth and survival of four broad-leaved species that are frequently used in erosion-control plantations in Japan. The species studied were Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zucc., Alnus pendula Matsum., Quercus glauca Thunb., and Q. serrata Thunb. The survival, height, and basal diameter of planted trees were measured over a 4-year period, and crown area was calculated over a 3-year period. We found a negative relationship between relative growth rate (RGR) and survival rate, suggesting that fast growth may be fatal when resources are severely limited. The relative height growth rate (RHGR) of A. pendula was especially high during the early period of the study (1997–1999) and then drastically declined, whereas the opposite tendency was observed in Q. glauca. The results of stem allometry analyses conformed to the specific relationships between height growth and diameter growth of the four species; increases in stem thickness based on height increments were smaller in the pioneer species A. pendula. Between-species differences in coverage per planted tree (mean crown area multiplied by survival rate) were small as a result of the negative relationship between coverage area and survival rate.     

白杨派杂种无性系及其亲本光合和生长对盐胁迫的反应

以白杨派单交和双交杂种无性系1年生扦插苗为材料,分析不同盐胁迫条件下无性系的生长及光合系统的反应,并对无性系间的差异进行比较.研究表明:盐胁迫对叶片生长、苗高生长及苗木生物量积累均产生不同程度的影响.随着盐浓度升高,各项生长指标迅速下降,但下降的幅度不同,苗木生物量积累受影响最大.茎叶生长对盐胁迫的敏感性大于根系生长,从而导致根/(茎 叶)生物量随盐胁迫的发展而升高.盐胁迫下4个无性系的净光合速率(Pn)日变化基本上都呈单峰曲线,但随胁迫加强,Pn值迅速降低.盐胁迫下,叶位从幼到老,Pn表现为单峰型变化,中部功能叶Pn值最大,嫩叶和老叶较小,盐胁迫对无性系嫩叶Pn几乎无影响,却显著降低中部功能叶和老叶的Pn值,且随着胁迫时间延长,对叶片Pn的影响加强.盐胁迫降低各无性系的叶绿素含量,且使叶绿素荧光诱导动力学曲线发生明显变化,其参数qN(荧光非光化学猝灭系数)值随盐浓度增加而上升,而qp(荧光光化学猝灭系数)、Fv/Fo(PSⅡ潜在活性)值随盐浓度增加而下降.盐胁迫对双交杂种无性系B430影响最小,单交无性系毛新杨和亲本新疆杨次之,亲本毛白杨对盐胁迫反应最敏感.     

金丝垂柳扦插繁殖试验

金丝垂柳扦插繁育技术的研究结果表明 :金丝垂柳插条主要以皮部生根为主 ;ABT 1号生根粉 10 0 0× 10 -6mg/ ml处理 ,促进插条生根效果最显著 ,插穗长势最好。其它处理效果由强到弱为 ABT 1号生根粉 5 0 0× 10 -6mg/ ml、南林 I型生根粉、 ABD生根剂 10 0 0× 10 -6mg/ ml和清水。     

水曲柳幼林适生立地条件研究

在帽儿山地区对不同立地条件下水曲柳人工幼林生长指标进行标准地调查,并运用数量化方法研究了影响水曲柳人工林生长的立地因子。结果表明：影响水曲柳人工林生长的主要立地因子依次为坡位,土壤A层厚,坡向和坡度,其中坡位为主导因子。水曲柳人工林在中上坡位生长最好,在下坡位生长差。根据立地因子划分了34个立地类型。此外对不同立地类型的养分状况进行了分析,发现养分并不是限制水曲柳生长的主要因子。     

两种原始兰科植物生理生态特征的比较

金佛山兰 (Tangtsiniananchuanica)为国家二级保护植物 ,野外个体数量极稀少 ,仅见于重庆南川金佛山及附近的稀疏马尾松林下 ,并且仅与其亲源种金兰 (Cephalantherafalcata)生长在一起。对比研究了生长在温室内的金佛山兰和金兰的多项生理生态指标。结果表明 ,金佛山兰与金兰只在气孔导度、水分利用率及胞间CO2 浓度方面有显著差异。金佛山兰的净光合速率、暗呼吸速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2 浓度、光补偿点、光饱和点、光能利用率和水分利用率分别为 6.1 6(± 0 .4) μmol·m- 2 s- 1 、0 .47(± 0 .0 4) μmol·m- 2 s- 1 、2 .7(±0 .2 )mmol·m- 2 s- 1 、0 .1 1 4(± 0 .0 2 )mol·m- 2 s- 1 、2 0 6(± 2 9) μmol·mol- 1 、1 0 μmolphotons·m- 2 s- 1 、2 0 0μmolphotons·m- 2 s- 1 、9.6(± 0 .9) %、3 1 (± 0 2 )mmolCO2 ·mol- 1 H2 O ;金兰的各项值分别为 5 .8(±1 .1 ) μmol·m- 2 s- 1 、0 .45 (± 0 .0 6) μmol·m- 2 s- 1 、2 .6(± 0 .3 )mmol·m- 2 s- 1 、0 .1 0 1 (± 0 .0 3 )mol·m- 2 s- 1 、1 73 (± 5 1 ) μmol·mol- 1 、1 0 μmolphotons·m- 2 s- 1 、2 0 0 μmolphotons·m- 2 s- 1 、9.1 (± 1 .1 ) %、2 .7(± 0 .7)mmolCO2 ·mol- 1 H2 O。在温室内晴     

干旱胁迫对白桦实生苗保护酶活性及脂质过氧化作用的影响

目前 ,活性氧自由基与植物抗逆性关系的研究正在日益深入 (戴金平等 ,1 991 ;王以柔等 ,1 995 ;许长城等 ,1 993;Ｊｏｈｎ ,1 992 ;Ｍａｒｃｅｌａｅｔａｌ.,1 993;阎秀峰等 ,1 999) ,对水分亏缺下活性氧对植物的氧化伤害及植物防御系统的反应也作了大量的研究 (陈立松等 ,1 998;1 999;沈秀瑛等 ,1 995 ;吕庆等 ,1 996;王爱国等 ,1 990 ;许长城等 ,1 993;阎秀峰等 ,1 999;Ｍｉｓｈｒａｅｔａｌ.,1 993)。在正常情况下 ,植物体内活性氧产生与清除处于平衡状态 ,不会导致细胞伤害 ,氧自由基的清除剂可分为酶促和非酶促两大类 (蒋明义等 ,1 996…