白莲二次航天搭载的选育研究

经二次航天搭载后 ,白莲种子SP1代产生广谱分离 ,其生物习性、形态特征及经济生状等出现较大变异 ,其中花型由单瓣变为重瓣或半重瓣 ,并出现部分种子只长立叶 ,不开花 ,部分种子只开花不结蓬、部分种子结蓬后不能正常成熟的现象 ,也出现种子单缸现蕾 9朵 ,花期始蕾期提前 7～ 2 2d ,种子最大单粒重达 1 85g的优良变异 ,这是采用常规育种很少出现的情况     

Diverse migratory strategies for a hawksbill sea turtle population

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基于北斗船位数据的流刺网网次和方向提取方法研究

渔船监测系统(vessel monitoring system,VMS)在渔业管理中发挥着重要作用,一直以来都受到各国及渔业组织的重视,我国近海渔船主要采用基于北斗的VMS系统。刺网是我国主要的捕捞作业方式之一,提出一种使用北斗数据提取流刺网作业网次以及网长和方向的方法。该方法使用阈值综合判别的方法判断捕捞作业的状态,通过航速、空间距离、时间间隔和航向变化的阈值判别作业时收网状态的船位点,然后根据收网状态的起始点判定放网状态的起始点。根据范例中提取的516组网次,使用程序判别的船位点和人工判断的船位点有74%相同,表明有较好的一致性,具有精度高、处理快速、实时程度高的特点。该方法可为我国渔业管理和相关研究提供新的手段,并可应用于捕捞控制、海上执法等多个领域。     

Spatial segregation of striped marlin (Kajikia audax) by size in the eastern Pacific Ocean

Striped marlin (Kajikia audax) is an epipelagic fish distributed in oceanic and coastal waters of the Pacific Ocean. This species is usually found in warm and coastal waters with high primary productivity. The main goal of this study was to describe the spatial segregation of striped marlin by average Eye‐Fork length (EFL) in the eastern Pacific Ocean (EPO) and its relationship with environmental variables using EFL data obtained from tuna purse‐seining and Generalized Additive Models (GAMs). The model suggested that larger individuals of striped marlin were more likely to be found in waters with high Chlorophyll‐a concentration (>2 mg/m³) and with temperatures lower than 25°C, within a region known as the “cold tongue” and the Humboldt current system, while smaller individuals were more likely to be found in warmer and low productive areas within a region known as the “warm pool of the EPO.” We observed that set type caused a large variation on average EFL of striped marlin; larger fish were captured in sets associated with floating objects (natural and manmade), while smaller fish were captured in sets associated with dolphins. Despite this, our findings suggest that striped marlin has a latitudinal gradient in average EFL; larger individuals occurred predominantly south of 10°N, while smaller ones occurred predominantly in coastal waters between 10°N and 20°N, thus demonstrating a spatial segregation of the species affected by its maturity stage.     

基于加权算法的空-天遥感升尺度土壤含盐量监测模型

利用无人机-卫星遥感升尺度转换方法可以有效提高土壤含盐量监测精度。以内蒙古河套灌区沙壕渠灌域为研究区,4月裸土期表层土壤为研究对象,分别采用主导变异权重法、局部平均法和最邻近法将试验区无人机4波段影像(0.1m)升尺度至与GF-1卫星(16m)同一尺度,引入3种变量组合作为模型输入变量并利用多元线性回归模型（Multivariable linear regression,MLR）和BP神经网络模型（Back propagation neural networks,BPNN）构建不同数据源关于土壤含盐量的定量监测模型。在此基础上,采用波段比值均值法对GF-1卫星数据进行修正,实现基于卫星因子的研究区土壤盐分升尺度反演。结果表明,经统计指标评价后得出主导变异权重法在4块试验区针对4波段影像的尺度转换效果总体上优于其他2种转换方法;3种无人机-卫星遥感升尺度转换方法中,主导变异权重法监测效果最佳,局部平均法次之,最邻近法效果最差;对筛选得到的2个模型进行升尺度修正,得到验证效果最佳的监测模型为基于混合变量组的多元线性回归模型,其R2v为0.420,RMSEv为0.219%,比直接采用GF-1卫星数据得到的混合变量组多元线性回归模型R2v高0.217,RMSEv低0.013个百分点。本文研究结果可为卫星、无人机多光谱遥感一体化监测裸土期农田土壤含盐量提供参考。     

粮豆轮作遥感监测对卫星时空及谱段指标的需求分析

该文面向粮豆轮作遥感监测卫星数据需求,针对最小监测地块、作物类型、时效性的要求,分别对不同空间分辨率影像识别能力、不同波段组合识别能力、最高云覆盖区域晴空获取能力3个方面进行分析,提出了光学遥感卫星理想的空间分辨率要优于0.3 m,光谱设置可以采取基本波段(蓝、绿、红、近红)+红边或者基本波段(蓝、绿、红、近红)+短波谱段2种方式,重访周期要达到3 d以内。在上述指标满足条件下,能够对中国普遍存在的0.3 m宽度田埂进行有效识别,从而达到地块识别的目标;能够利用作物红边、短波谱段特征的差异,对生长中期玉米、大豆进行有效识别,达到粮豆轮作主要作物类型识别的目的;以3 d的重访周期,可以最大限度获取覆盖中国全国区域的晴空有效影像,在数据源获取上保证粮豆轮作业务化作业能力。该研究可为满足中国粮豆轮作等农情遥感监测需求的农业监测卫星研制及相应指标规定提供参考。     

High resolution satellite imaging sensors for precision agriculture

The central concept of precision agriculture is to manage within-field soil and crop growth variability for more efficient use of farming inputs. Remote sensing has been an integral part of precision agriculture since the farming technology started developing in the mid to late 1980s. Various types of remote sensors carried on ground-based platforms, manned aircraft, satellites, and more recently, unmanned aircraft have been used for precision agriculture applications. Original satellite sensors, such as Landsat and SPOT, have commonly been used for agricultural applications over large geographic areas since the 1970s, but they have limited use for precision agriculture because of their relatively coarse spatial resolution and long revisit time. Recent developments in high resolution satellite sensors have significantly narrowed the gap in spatial resolution between satellite imagery and airborne imagery. Since the first high resolution satellite sensor IKONOS was launched in 1999, numerous commercial high resolution satellite sensors have become available. These imaging sensors not only provide images with high spatial resolution, but can also repeatedly view the same target area. The high revisit frequency and fast data turnaround time, combined with their relatively large aerial coverage, make high resolution satellite sensors attractive for many applications, including precision agriculture. This article will provide an overview of commercially available high resolution satellite sensors that have been used or have potential for precision agriculture. The applications of these sensors for precision agriculture are reviewed and application examples based on the studies conducted by the author and his collaborators are provided to illustrate how high resolution satellite imagery has been used for crop identification, crop yield variability mapping and pest management. Some challenges and future directions on the use of high resolution satellite sensors and other types of remote sensors for precision agriculture are discussed.     

基于Radarsat-2和环境星的淮河流域冬小麦估产模型比较研究

建立基于微波和光学卫星影像的农作物估产模型,可对上报作物产量准确性及估产模型精度进行相互验证.应用2014年4月中旬和5月初星载合成孔径雷达(SAR)——RADARSAT-2和同期HJ影像各两幅,选择安徽省寿县和怀远县冬小麦产区,通过试验田产量和反演的雷达影像后向散射系数,以及从环境星计算得到的归一化植被指数(NDVI),建立冬小麦线性估产模型,在此基础上对估产模型精度进行比较:通过星载SAR的同极化HH和交叉极化HV方式建立的估产模型对寿县涧沟镇冬小麦估产精度分别为68.37％和74.01％,对怀远县龙亢镇冬小麦估产精度分别为63.10％和69.10％;通过HJ星建立的估产模型对寿县涧沟镇和怀远县龙亢镇冬小麦估产精度分别为69.52％和66.43％.基于HJ星影像得到的冬小麦估产模型精度和基于SAR得到的估产模型精度接近.模型结果为上报产量准确性、冬小麦估产模型验证、参数纠正及推广奠定基础和积累经验.     

基于HJ-1A/1B数据的天然橡胶干旱监测

为对橡胶林进行干旱动态监测及其影响定量评估,提高农作物干旱监测的准确性和实时性,该文基于HJ-1A/1B数据和地面气象观测数据,以标准化植被供水指数及综合气象干旱指数为变量,通过与同步实测土壤含水量的数据融合构建天然橡胶干旱监测综合模型。经检验,模型的相对均方根误差、纳什效率系数、一致性指数分别为11.02%、0.40、0.85,模型具有较高的精度。应用模型对2010年5月至7月海南农垦国营阳江农场橡胶林干旱进行了监测。结果表明,干旱存在较明显的空间差异,西部重于东部、北部重于南部。5月上旬起旱情持续加重,7月上旬达到旱情高峰,直至监测末期(7月下旬)干旱虽然有所缓解,但旱情依然严重。干旱对橡胶树生长有明显的抑制作用。干旱对橡胶树归一化植被指数(normalized difference vegetation index,NDVI)、净初级生产力(net primary production,NPP)的影响存在滞后效应,滞后长度约1旬。干旱对NPP的影响从当旬开始有效,并延续3旬左右,干旱对NPP的延续效应较对NDVI明显。干旱对橡胶树产胶潜力、干胶产量的影响从当旬开始有效,并延续3旬左右,干旱对干胶产量的影响较对产胶潜力更为直接和长效。阳江农场橡胶林77.22%的像元产胶受抑与综合旱情指数呈现负相关性,其中26.70%为显著负相关。该文为天然橡胶干旱监测及评估提供参考。     

Cost analysis of a satellite terminal for forest fuel supply in Finland

As forest fuel demand increases, new logistical solutions are needed. Most of the increase in use is expected to take place in large heat and power production units which set special requirements for the supply as both procurement volumes and transport distances increase. Biomass fuel terminals broaden the spectrum of available supply options by offering cost-effective large-scale biomass storage and processing options for securing the fuel supply in all conditions. This study aimed to study different costs of a satellite terminal and to produce important concept and cost information for developing forest fuel logistics based on future terminals. The figures indicate that terminals do not create direct cost benefits per se: direct supply chains are more economical compared to supply through terminals. However, there are several indirect benefits that can be reached via fuel supply through terminals: regional fuel procurement can be widened to a national scale, security of supply increases through easily available storages, large supply volumes can be delivered by an individual operator, prices remain more stable and a more even quality of delivered fuel can be achieved.