新一代卫星遥感的进展

新一代卫星遥感发展的特点为：卫星系列传感更新换代；新一代遥感卫星发射升空；小型遥感卫星倍受重视；遥感与数字地球集成融合。由于遥感卫星的进展，提高了遥感图像的分辩率，从而促进了遥感技术的发展。     

猪骨骼肌卫星细胞中miR-24功能的初步研究及靶基因分析

为了探讨miR-24对猪骨骼肌发育的影响,对体外培养1日龄纯种长白公猪骨骼肌卫星细胞分别转染miR-24过表达载体和干扰片段,发现过表达miR-24后,成肌分化基因MyoD、Myogenin和Myf5表达量显著升高,骨骼肌卫星细胞分化趋势增强;干扰miR-24后,Myogenin的表达量显著降低;同时,靶基因预测结果显示Myogenin可能是miR-24的靶基因。     

牛骨骼肌卫星细胞的分离培养及诱导分化方法的建立

为了给牛骨骼肌卫星细胞的分离培养及诱导分化方法及进一步揭示肌肉分化的机理及转基因肉牛的研究提供重要帮助,试验以新生胎牛的骨骼肌为试验材料,分别采用胶原酶Ⅰ和胶原酶Ⅺ与胰蛋白酶结合对其进行消化,并通过差速贴壁法对骨骼肌卫星细胞进行分离纯化,同时采用免疫荧光染色、RT-PCR、Western-blot法对骨骼肌卫星细胞进行鉴定。结果表明:研究成功获得了大量的牛骨骼肌卫星细胞;该细胞的标志性分子的mRNA及其蛋白表达的纯度在98%以上;细胞生长状态良好,可稳定传至90代并保持旺盛的增殖活力;细胞分化效率高,2%的马血清能够诱导细胞分化使其融合形成多核肌管,数量众多的肌管可自发融合为更粗的肌管,并可观察到其具有收缩现象。     

FY-3a卫星数据在青海省三江源区土壤水分监测中的应用

中国新一代极轨气象卫星FY-3a,搭载的中分辨率光谱成像仪(MERSI)具有5个250m分辨率通道,进一步加强了对地表地物的反演能力。本研究利用FY-3a250m分辨率卫星资料,采用植被供水指数法,建立了青海省三江源区土壤水分监测模型,利用气象部门地面常规监测点土壤水分资料,验证了植被供水指数与土壤水分之间的关系,从验证结果看:当植被指数为0.3～0.5时,遥感反演出的土壤水分值与实测值较为接近。     

Mechano-biology of resident myogenic stem cells: Molecular mechanism of stretch-induced activation of satellite cells

Satellite cells, resident myogenic stem cells found between the basement membrane and the sarcolemma in postnatal skeletal muscle, are normally quiescent in adult muscles. But when muscle is injured, exercised, overused or mechanically stretched, these cells are activated to enter the cell cycle, divide, differentiate, and fuse with the adjacent muscle fiber. In this way, satellite cells are responsible for regeneration and work-induced hypertrophy of muscle fibers. Therefore, a mechanism must exist to translate mechanical changes in muscle tissue into chemical signals that can activate satellite cells. This mechanism has not been clearly delineated. Recent in vivo studies and studies of satellite cells and single muscle fibers in culture demonstrated the essential role of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and nitric oxide (NO) radical in the activation pathway. These experiments also showed that mechanically stretching cultured satellite cells or living skeletal muscles stimulates satellite cell activation. This is achieved by rapid release of HGF from its tethering in the extracellular matrix and its presentation to the c-met receptor. HGF release has been shown to depend on NO radical production by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in satellite cells and/or muscle fibers, and relies on the subsequent upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity (possibly achieved by its nitrosylation). These results suggest that the activation mechanism is a cascade of molecular events including calcium-calmodulin formation, NOS activation, NO radical production, MMP activation, HGF release and HGF binding to c-met. An understanding the 'mechano-biology' of satellite cell activation is essential when planning procedures that could enhance muscle growth and repair. This is particularly important for meat-animal agriculture and in human health, disease and aging.     

运用QUICKBIRD卫星影像调查株洲市园林绿化现状

为了查清株洲市各种绿地的数量、结构、分布等现状,叙述了运用QuickBird卫星进行该工作的技术方法和整个调查的过程,对调查结果进行了分析。     

Potential role of G-protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) in estradiol-17beta-stimulated IGF-I mRNA expression in bovine satellite cell cultures

Androgenic and estrogenic steroids enhance muscle growth in animals and humans. Estradiol-17beta (E2) and trenbolone acetate (TBA) (a synthetic testosterone analog) increased IGF-I mRNA expression in bovine muscle satellite cell (BSC) cultures. The goal of this study was to evaluate the mechanisms responsible for this increase by evaluating the effects of ICI 182 780 (an E2 receptor antagonist), flutamide (an androgen receptor inhibitor), G1 (a GPR30 agonist), and BSA-conjugated E2 on E2 and/or TBA-stimulated IGF-I mRNA expression in BSC cultures. Flutamide completely suppressed TBA-stimulated IGF-I mRNA expression in BSC cultures. ICI 182 780 did not suppress E2-stimulated IGF-I mRNA expression and 100nM ICI 182 780 enhanced (93%, p<0.05) IGF-I mRNA levels in BSC cultures. G1 (100nM) stimulated IGF-I mRNA expression (100%, p<0.05) but had no effect on proliferation in BSC cultures. E2-BSA, which cannot cross the cell membrane, stimulated IGF-I mRNA expression (approximately 100%, p<0.05) in BSC but even at extremely high concentrations had no effect on proliferation. In summary, our data indicate the E2-stimulation of proliferation and E2-stimulation of IGF-I mRNA expression in BSC cultures occur via different mechanisms. Our previous results showing that ICI 182 780 inhibited BSC proliferation and results of the current study showing lack of response to E2-BSA or G1 suggest that E2-stimulated proliferation in BSC cultures is mediated through classical estrogen receptors. Stimulation by ICI 182 780, G1 and E2-BSA suggests the E2-stimulated IGF-I mRNA expression in BSC cultures is mediated through the GPR30 receptor.     

添加卫星RNA对黄瓜花叶病毒寄主反应及其在系统寄主中含量的影响

为了解卫星RNA(satRNA)对辅助病毒在系统寄主中的直接影响,将1株黄瓜花叶病毒(Cucumbermosaic virus,CMV)的卫星RNA(satRNA)sat-Yi与本身不携带卫星RNA的CMV分离物CNa在体外进行假重组,获得了人工构建的假重组毒株CMV-NY。通过寄主反应测定、双链RNA分析和全序列分析,显示satYi与CMV-CNa基因组RNA能够稳定共存,经过反复转接也没有发现卫星RNA的序列突变。通过测定CMV-CNa和NY这2个病毒株的寄主反应,发现satRNA-Yi的存在明显延迟了CNa在所有供试寄主中的发病时间,而且明显减弱了其在多数供试寄主上的症状表现,其中在葫芦科植物上表现出减轻症状的效果最明显;用一种新建的核酸玻片杂交方法,定量测定寄主植物中CMV基因组CP基因及卫星RNA的相对含量变化,结果显示:26℃条件下,在接种5、10、15、20、25和30d的心叶烟中,2个毒株的CP基因含量都呈下降趋势,在相应的时间内,NY-CP基因在同一寄主中的含量均低于CNa-CP基因的含量;接种10d,NY与CNa的寄主适应性没有显著差异,二者基因组CP基因在6种寄主植物中的相对含量均为番茄>假酸浆>心叶烟>西葫芦>南瓜>曼陀罗。由此得出以下结论:sat-Yi降低了CMV CP基因在寄主中的含量,且随着接种时间的增加,卫星RNA的影响作用越明显;sat-Yi不改变CMV基因组RNA的寄主适应性,但是通过降低CP基因含量改变其症状特征。     

基于多光谱卫星模拟波段反射率的冬小麦水分状况评估

为及时掌握作物水分利用状况、评估作物水分亏缺和提高作物水分利用效率,在2012—2016年期间进行了不同水分处理的冬小麦田间试验,获取了冬小麦主要生育期冠层光谱和叶片含水量等数据。利用冬小麦冠层光谱以及Quickbird、IKONOS、GF-2、GF-1、Landsat8、HJ-1A/B、GF-4和MODIS卫星传感器光谱响应函数模拟卫星多波段反射率,参照归一化植被指数(Normalized vegetation index, NDVI)、比值植被指数(Ratio vegetation index, RVI)和差值植被指数(Difference vegetation index, DVI)的形式,将各卫星波段反射率两两组合,系统分析构建的植被指数与叶片含水量的相关性,探讨不同空间分辨率(2.44、4、8、30、50、250m)波段组合及植被指数对作物水分状况和灌溉活动的响应能力。结果表明,NDVI、RVI和DVI 3种指数对作物水分敏感区域的分布类似;8个卫星的近红外波段与叶片含水量的相关系数为正,其余几个波段与叶片含水量的相关系数为负;NDVI(GF-1绿波段,GF-2绿波段)、RVI(GF-1绿波段,GF-2绿波段)和DVI(GF-2蓝波段,GF-4蓝波段)与叶片含水量相关性较好,决定系数R2分别为0.776、0.774和0.886,以DVI形式构建的植被指数对叶片含水量的估算效果最好。本研究可为区域作物水分状况评估以及作物灌溉活动监测提供技术和方法支持。