Validation of multi-frequency inversion method by using dummy scatterers of zooplankton

ABSTRACT:   High- and multi-frequency acoustic measurement systems and the multi-frequency inversion (MFI) method have been used to measure spatial distributions and abundances of zooplankton by size. In this study, the calibration method for high- and multi-frequency systems was developed and the validation of MFI method was carried out by scatterer measurement. The standard sphere calibration method that has not been applied to such high- and multi-frequencies was applied to calibrate our high- and multi-frequency system, TAPS-6 (Tracor Acoustic Profiling System, BAE Systems). An optimum size of standard sphere of tungsten carbide of 1 mm radius was derived to have a small target strength variation for the six frequencies of TAPS-6, and the practicability and precision of the standard sphere calibration method was confirmed for those frequencies. A school or cluster of dummy scatterers of zooplankton with small tungsten carbide spheres were designed to validate the MFI method, and volume back-scattering strength values were measured by the multi-frequency system. By comparing the result of the inversion with their real composition, the features of the MFI method could be validated and examined.     

基于热平衡法检测植物茎流传感器的标定

植物茎杆的茎流量是植物重要的生理信息之一,该文主要是对基于热平衡法的植物茎流传感器进行标定试验的研究,通过标定试验,测试了茎流检测装置的性能。试验结果表明,计算出传感器输出值与茎流量有很高的决定系数R2=0.96～0.97,分辨率为1×10-3 g/min,精度为±3%。因此参照标定试验,可以较准确地获取植株茎流速率,进而可以反映出植物的蒸腾及需水状态信息,并据此可以为植物生长环境的调控、节水灌溉等提供有效的监测工具。     

电控电执行器自动变速器的开发研究

从电控电执行器自动变速器的结构、工作原理及设计要点出发,对电控电执行器自动变速器的开发进行了研究,并对其执行机构电磁离合器的开发做了重点阐述。结合中国变速器的现状,对在中国进行电控电执行器自动变速器开发的可行性进行了论述。     

使用JDBC实现自动气象站要素信息检索

介绍了使用JDBC实现自动气象站分中心站的气象要素信息检索，程序运用B／S体系结构，遵循MVC设计思想，采用Model2模式进行开发，为了提高程序的运行速度，在数据库中创建了存储过程。     

浅淡单点校正法和标准曲线法及其在农药分析中的应用

本文从单点校正法和标准曲线法的适用前提条件出发，运用数学方法，探讨了单点校正法代替标准曲线法的条件，并为在农药分析中选择单点校正法和标准曲线法提供依据，从而简化正常农药分析步骤，避免一些分析误差。     

雌雄蛹自动分选机的研制

雌雄蚕蛹分选是制造优质蚕种的重要环节。依据雌雄蛹体重量和体形大小存在明显差异的特点 ,研制成功三段式雌雄分选机。经生产测试 ,每小时可分选 135 96kg茧的蚕蛹 ,分选雌雄蛹的误鉴率平均为 3 18% ,比人工分选的准确率高 ;通过调节分选孔的大小 ,准确率可达 99 5 %以上 ;在复眼着黑后分选对蛹体无损伤。机械操作简易 ,符合生产要求     

Enhancing the Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) approach for estimating landscape ET: Validation with the METRIC model

Evapotranspiration (ET) can be derived from satellite data using surface energy balance principles. METRIC (Mapping EvapoTranspiration at high Resolution with Internalized Calibration) is one of the most widely used models available in the literature to estimate ET from satellite imagery. The Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) model is much easier and less expensive to implement. The main purpose of this research was to present an enhanced version of the Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) model and to evaluate its performance using the established METRIC model. In this study, SSEB and METRIC ET fractions were compared using 7 Landsat images acquired for south central Idaho during the 2003 growing season. The enhanced SSEB model compared well with the METRIC model output exhibiting an r² improvement from 0.83 to 0.90 in less complex topography (elevation less than 2000 m) and with an improvement of r² from 0.27 to 0.38 in more complex (mountain) areas with elevation greater than 2000 m. Independent evaluation showed that both models exhibited higher variation in complex topographic regions, although more with SSEB than with METRIC. The higher ET fraction variation in the complex mountainous regions highlighted the difficulty of capturing the radiation and heat transfer physics on steep slopes having variable aspect with the simple index model, and the need to conduct more research. However, the temporal consistency of the results suggests that the SSEB model can be used on a wide range of elevation (more successfully up 2000 m) to detect anomalies in space and time for water resources management and monitoring such as for drought early warning systems in data scarce regions. SSEB has a potential for operational agro-hydrologic applications to estimate ET with inputs of surface temperature, NDVI, DEM and reference ET.     

人畜饮水蓄水池的改进方案——以山东省小钦岛地区为例

无地下淡水的海岛地区,淡水资源十分匮乏,传统的蓄水池难以全面而又安全的满足岛区人民生产生活以及人畜饮水的基本需要。笔者针对传统蓄水池的汲水方法中难以监测水位、水泵置位深度不定等特点,试在传统水泵控制器基础上添加了一些简单的分立元件,达到自动测定水位,并根据水位情况自动调控水泵汲水的目的,以方便对蓄积水的监测和使用。     

广角镜头的摄像机非线性标定技术

在路面检测的计算机视觉系统中,采用了线结构光照明和摄像机采集外界三维信息。为了实现在大范围内的测量,摄像机采用了广角镜头摄像,同时也引入了比较大的图像畸变。为了精确标定摄像机,采用比较接近实际情况的几何模型,并采用非线性迭代解方程的方法对摄像机进行标定,求解摄像机的内外参数。实验精度可以达到0.1mm。该方法简洁实用,可以采用这种方法在实际当中对系统进行标定。     

国外天然气的计量与检定技术

介绍了国外天然气管道测量技术、天然气流量计量与检定技术的应用现状、发展动态以及天然气计量标准的最新进展情况,提出了目前天然气管道流量计量技术的发展方向,重点介绍了天然气物性参数及分析测试的标准、孔板流量计的计量标准、涡轮流量计的计量标准、气体超声流量计的计量标准,以及天然气能量计量标准等.