1960～2010年云南省日照时数和风速变化特征

为了解近几十年来云南省日照时数和风速的变化规律,利用云南省1960~2010年29个台站日照时数和风速的月值数据,采用线性倾向估计、Mann-Kendall突变检验等统计方法,分析了其年代际、年际、季和月的变化特征.结果表明:1960~2010年云南省日照时数和风速都分别以-16.8h/10a和-0.037(m·s-1)/10a的速率呈显著减少趋势;日照时数和风速年际和年代际变化幅度都较大,日照峰值(60年代)与谷值(90年代)相差92.0h,风速峰值(70年代)与谷值(90年代)相差0.32m/s;日照时数和风速各个季节都呈下降变化,但也有明显的季节差异,日照时数各季节变化幅度大小为冬季>春季>夏季>秋季,风速各季节变化幅度大小为春季>冬季>夏季>秋季.日照时数和风速各月变化以减少趋势为主,其中日照时数7月减少最多,风速3月下降最多.年日照时数在1981发生由多到少的明显突变,而风速突变不明显.     

Effects of Vegetation Stems on Hydraulics of Overland Flow Under Varying Water Discharges

Vegetation plays an important role in soil erosion control, but few studies have been performed to quantify the effects of vegetation stems on hydraulics of overland flow. Laboratory flume experiments were conducted to investigate the potential effects of vegetation stems on Reynolds number, Froude number, flow velocity and hydraulic resistance of silt‐laden overland flow. Cylinders with diameter D of 2·0, 3·2 and 4·0 × 10⁻² m were glued onto the flume bed to simulate the vegetation stems, and a bare slope was used as control. The flow discharge varied from 0·5 to 1·5 × 10⁻³ m³ s⁻¹ and slope gradient was 9°. Results showed that Reynolds number on vegetated slope was significantly higher than that on bare slope because of the effect of vegetation stems on effective flow width. All the flows were supercritical flow, but Froude number decreased as D increased, implying a decrease in runoff ability to carry sediment. The mean flow velocity also decreased with D, while the velocity profile became steeper, and no significant differences were found in surface flow velocities among longitudinal sections on all slopes. Darcy–Weisbach friction coefficient increased with D, implying that the energy consumption of overland flow on hydraulic resistance increased. Reynolds number was not a unique predictor of hydraulic roughness on vegetated slopes. The total resistance on vegetated slopes was partitioned into grain resistance and vegetation resistance, and vegetation resistance accounted for almost 80% of the total resistance and was the dominant roughness element. Further studies are needed to extend and apply the insights obtained under controlled conditions to actual overland flow conditions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

空气中微生物数量年度变化动态研究初报

两年试验结果表明,室内空气中细菌、真菌、放线菌数量在1～3月最低,4～7月逐月上升,8月、9月最高,10～12月下降,12月菌数接近1～3月菌数。室外空气中细菌、真菌、放线菌数量多于室内,其变化趋势与室内大致相似。     

ABT2号生根粉在荔枝高空压条上的应用研究

[目的]分析ABT2号生根粉浓度与荔枝压条生根质量的相关性,为荔枝高空压条苗的生产提供依据。[方法]用1 0001、500、2 000 mg/kg(B1、B2、B3)的ABT2号生根粉溶液涂抹荔枝压条的环剥口,并设空白对照组进行对比试验。[结果]生根数在B1与对照、B2、B3之间差异极显著,在B2、B3与对照之间差异不显著。最长根长在B1、B2与对照,B1与B3之间差异极显著。平均根长在B1与对照、B3,B2与对照之间差异极显著,B2与B3之间差异显著。根粗在B1、B2与对照之间差异极显著,B1与B2之间差异不显著。B1的生根速度比B2、B3快。[结论]在试验浓度内,1 000 mg/kg ABT2号生根粉处理的荔枝高空压条生根快,且压条根的质量有明显提高。     

U形渠道断面流速分布规律的初步研究

通过对U形渠道断面流速分布进行理论分析和试验研究,发现断面内最大流速发生在水面以下,综合国内外学者使用不同的流速仪对矩形明渠和复式断面明渠的试验资料,得出最大流速发生在水面以下是由于二次流的存在引起的。分析水槽实测流速,发现由于最大流速发生在水面以下,使得中垂线流速分布与对数律流速分布形式和抛物线形式拟合曲线都有一定的偏差。     

调压供水系统水泵的综合调节

根据调压供水特点,提出了调压罐与变径、变速综合调节的基本原理,从经济运行角度出发,给出了调压供水系统变径、变速最佳调节量的计算式及其调节对系统调压特性的影响。     

ABT1号生根粉在桑树高空压条上的应用研究

桑树高空压条用ABT1号生根粉处理后的各项成绩均优于清水对照 ,以50mg/kg的浓度为最好。与对照比较 ,生根速度提早1周 ,生根数提高22.63倍 ,株根长度提高26.85倍     

不同风机、电机配置对密集式烤房烘烤性能的影响

研究了6种不同风机、电机配置对中型密集式烤房烘烤效果的影响。结果表明,在装烟竿距为12 cm的情况下,使用6号风机+1.5/1.1 kW电机时,烤房温差较小,风速大小适宜,烤后烟叶香气质好、香气量多,中上等烟比例大幅提高,且烘烤过程中能耗较低,经济效益明显。     

关于点的合成运动中的两个问题

本文讨论了在合成运动中，动点与动参考系的选取，相对运动轨迹对计算点的绝对速度和绝对加速度的影响．证明了相对运动轨迹只对点的绝对加速度计算有影响，阐明了选取动点和动参考系的原则．     

14C同化物在黄柏韧皮部的运输速率测定

以14C为示踪剂,用14CO2 CO2混合气体法进行半株标记,饲喂50μCi/株的NaH14CO3,标记时间为lh.燃烧法制样,在FJ2107P液体闪烁计数器上测定,14C同化物在黄柏韧皮部中的运输速率为47～54 cm/h,平均速率为50.2 cm/h.