气候因素对金龟子发生的影响

金龟子是一类重要的有害昆虫,研究了气候因素对金龟子发生的影响,结果表明,华北大黑鳃金龟发生虫量与降水量的关联度要大于与气温的关联度,特别是4月份的累计降水量与虫量的多少有很大的关联度。     

高温条件下空气湿度对番茄光合作用及生理性状的影响

[目的]研究高温条件下不同空气湿度对番茄光合作用及生理性状的影响。[方法]以番茄品种东圣1号为试材,将番茄幼苗置于35℃高温条件下进行低湿（30%～35%）、中湿（55%～60%）和高湿（85%～90%）3种空气湿度处理,测定幼苗不同处理天数的光合作用指标和生理生化指标。[结果]高温条件下,番茄叶片的净光合速率随空气湿度的降低和处理天数的增加而下降,到处理第21天时,中、低湿度处理分别比高湿处理低13.0%、38.6%;随空气湿度降低,番茄叶片的叶绿素、可溶性糖、淀粉含量和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性均下降,过氧化物酶（POD）活性略有上升,植物细胞浸提液的电导率显著增大,质膜透性变大,结果造成叶片光合作用能力下降,干物质积累减少。[结论]提高空气湿度可使植株净光合速率、光合产物含量和SOD活性增大,有利于番茄幼苗的生长。     

影响小麦吸浆虫发生程度的气象条件分析

根据正定县植保站近10a（2000～2009年）剥穗调查小麦吸浆虫的发生情况以及正定县的气象资料,综合分析气象条件与小麦吸浆虫发生程度的关系。结果表明：小麦吸浆虫的发生程度与5月上旬的平均气温、空气湿度和日照时数有关,表现为5月上旬的平均气温越低、空气湿度越大、日照时数越短,小麦吸浆虫发生程度越重;反之,则发生较轻。     

沈阳市区2种空气质量数值模式预报结果的对比分析

建立了一个简单空气质量数值模式预报系统(SAQMS)。该系统是由中尺度数值预报模式(MM5)、Pielke中-β尺度气象模式和Eu-ler大气平流-扩散模式以及Erisman干沉降模式所组成。分别利用该系统和中科院大气物理研究所提供的高分辨率化学模式预报系统(HRCM)对沈阳地区的SO2浓度值进行了预报试验,结果表明,这2个模式的预测值都非常接近实测值,初步说明该模式系统可用于沈阳市的空气质量预报业务。     

高扬程小流量输水系统水锤防护研究

针对某泵站输水系统高扬程、小流量特点进行水力过渡过程计算,模拟工程设计和运行中可能出现的水泵事故断电,寻求相关控制调度运行的最佳控制模式,以消除或减弱水泵事故断电对系统供水造成的影响,并通过采取相应经济合理的工程措施,确保供水工程的安全性。分别对多种防护手段在高扬程、小流量的输水系统中的防护效果进行了较深入的研究,通过大量的计算论证从运行安全及调度方便的角度出发研究出最佳防护方式:泵后设置空气罐,对控制有压管线中的水锤压力起到了较好效果并有效地保护了输水系统。     

EC细网格模式2m气温预报产品在崂山地区的验证

选取2015—2019年青岛市崂山区10个气象自动站的日气温数据和EC细网格模式2 m气温预报产品,验证EC细网格模式2 m气温预报产品最低温度和最高温度在青岛崂山地区的准确率,同时分析崂山地区温度的时间、空间分布特征,对预报产品进行订正,在实际业务中进行推广,提高预报的准确率,做好公众气象服务。结果表明,气温存在年变化差异和季节内差异,同一种温度下,春季和夏季的区域分布比较类似,秋季和冬季的区域分布比较类似;崂山区内EC细网格24 h最低温度预报值偏高,最高温度预报值偏低,最低温度的预报总体准确率比最高温度的预报总体准确率要高,西部地区的预报准确率要高于东部地区的准确率;通过订正后,发现最低温度4个季节的预报准确率都在50%以上,最高温度订正后的准确率,除夏季59%以外,其他各季节均在75%以上。     

Properties of core-and-effect air textured yarns blended by diacetate and polyester filaments

In present work, PET FDY has been used to blend with diacetate filaments by air texturing process and core-and-effect air-textured yarns have been produced. The influences of both over-feeds of core and effect components on properties of textured yarns were mainly examined. It was observed that a spun-like effect of diacetate filaments occurred during air texturing and there were a little amount of free fiber ends besides loops on blended air textured yarns, while the number of free fiber ends changed little with variation in over-feeds. The tenacity of textured yarns decreased with increase in over-feeds of effect or core component. The breaking elongation increased with increase in over-feed of effect component, but decreased with increase in over-feed of core component. The yarn stability improves when both over-feeds are increased. The effect of over-feeds on boiling water shrinkage shows no clear trend. The core and average diameters are higher at high over-feed of effect component, but the over-feed of core component exhibits little effect on yarn diameters. The number and size of loops are increase with increased over-feed of effect component.     

寒冷林区汽车大修车间节能式空气净化装置的研究与设计

为解决冬季寒冷林区汽车大修车间空气污染严重问题，研究设计了节能式空气净化装置。文中论述了该装置的结构特点，设计原理，计算方法，技术参数和应用范围。     

An on-site computer system for comprehensive agricultural air quality research

Scientific studies using direct agricultural air quality (AAQ) measurement have experienced revolutionary changes since such a study was first reported in the early 1950s. Comprehensive AAQ research with multi-institutional or international collaboration, long-term monitoring, and multi-pollutant measurement has been conducted with greater frequency. On-site computer system (OSCS), consisting of data acquisition hardware, a personal computer, and custom-developed AAQ research software has become an important tool in these studies. The role of the OSCS has been expanded from exclusively data acquisition to a combination of data acquisition, control, regular and advanced data processing, and communication. This paper studied the general and specific requirements of OSCS in AAQ research and introduced a system with new methodology and technology for high level quality assurance and quality control (QAQC).Data acquisition in AAQ studies is needed for five main categories of instruments and sensors: pollutant concentrations, air exchange, weather conditions, building status, and measurement system status. Regular data processing consists of converting electrical signals to engineering units, averaging data over a given period of time, and performing data correction. Advanced data processing includes calculating location-shared analyzers and sensors (LSAS) data and instrument calibration data and generating daily reports in real-time or upon user requests. The primary control needs in AAQ research centers around the LSAS using multi-point air sampling system. Controls for sampling tubing heating and equipment cooling are often required. Computer communications to monitor system status, deliver alarms and data, and provide remote diagnosis and controls help to reduce operation costs and increase research quality and data completeness.An OSCS that offered flexibility, high capacity, user-friendliness, and high level QAQC was developed for field and laboratory AAQ research. A total of 29 OSCSs have been built and used in various AAQ studies in 13 states in USA for handling a total of more than 3.0 billion data points. The system adapted a set of data processing algorithms as well as some novel features, including All-data Display and Dynamic Run-time Configuration (DDRC), Digital Output DDRC, real-time sampling system monitoring and protection, Global Channel, traceable configuration, and post-measurement data processing. The system also integrated two stand-alone instruments, an Innova multi-gas analyzer and a 7-port Environics gas diluter, which are popular in AAQ research. The strengths, weaknesses, and future development of the system are also discussed.     

5种园林植物对短期大气污染的光合生理反应

5种1~2年生园林植物分别盆栽于不同污染程度的交通繁忙区和相对洁净区,在第一个生长季结束后对各试验区植物叶片气体交换特征参数进行测定,评价了大气污染对不同植物种类的可能影响效果。根据综合污染指数,试验区污染强度表现为交通繁忙区>相对清洁区。生长在污染区的大多数植物的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(E)和气孔导度(gs)均出现不同程度的下降,下降幅度因植物种类不同而有较大差异。