EC细网格模式2m气温预报产品在崂山地区的验证

选取2015—2019年青岛市崂山区10个气象自动站的日气温数据和EC细网格模式2 m气温预报产品,验证EC细网格模式2 m气温预报产品最低温度和最高温度在青岛崂山地区的准确率,同时分析崂山地区温度的时间、空间分布特征,对预报产品进行订正,在实际业务中进行推广,提高预报的准确率,做好公众气象服务。结果表明,气温存在年变化差异和季节内差异,同一种温度下,春季和夏季的区域分布比较类似,秋季和冬季的区域分布比较类似;崂山区内EC细网格24 h最低温度预报值偏高,最高温度预报值偏低,最低温度的预报总体准确率比最高温度的预报总体准确率要高,西部地区的预报准确率要高于东部地区的准确率;通过订正后,发现最低温度4个季节的预报准确率都在50%以上,最高温度订正后的准确率,除夏季59%以外,其他各季节均在75%以上。     

Transient heat transfer characteristics of air-array-jet impingement with different nozzle arrangements on high-temperature flat plate in small jet-to-plate distance

Numerical studies on transient heat transfer characteristics of air-array-jet impingement with a small jet-to-plate distance and a large temperature difference between nozzles and plate were presented.The dimensionless jet-to-plate distance(H/D)was 0.2,and non-dimensional nozzle-to-nozzle spacing(S/D)was 3,4,5 and 6,respectively.It is found that the quenching time is shortened at a constant total mass flow at air jet inlet m·(m·=218.21 kg/h),and the heat transfer uniformity is deterio-rated as S/D increases.However,the adding reversed-flow nozzles can shorten the quenching time of the glass plate considerably with a modest change in the heat transfer uniformity.The results at variable m·are the same as those at a fixed m·.Furthermore,the parity and arrangement of nozzles are also discussed,It is found that an odd number of nozzles is more beneficial for transient heat transfer.Based on these results,an appropriate proposal for ultra-thin glass tempering process is presented.     

不同干燥方式对红托竹荪干燥特性和品质的影响

为提高红托竹荪干燥品质并获得最佳干燥工艺,采用真空红外干燥（vacuum infrared drying,VID）、气流冲击干燥（air impingement drying,AID）、控湿干燥（moisture control drying,MCD）等不同干燥方式对红托竹荪进行对比研究,以热风干燥（hot air drying,HAD）作为对照组,研究不同干燥方式及温度对红托竹荪干燥品质的影响。试验结果表明不同干燥方式对竹荪宏观品质产生了显著影响,其中MCD可获得最小的色差?E和收缩率,AID则能够保证较高的复水比;干燥速率方面,MCD在前期能够获得较高的干燥速率,但后期干燥速率会放缓,而AID在整个干燥过程都具有较高的干燥速率,干燥时间较短;在成分保留上,MCD可以保留较高含量的多糖、三萜和黄酮,而采用VID可以有效保护多酚。单位能耗随干燥温度的升高明显降低,不同方式下VID的干燥能耗值整体偏大,MCD的单位能耗最低（18.82 kW·h/kg）。通过主成分分析法,上述干燥方式对红托竹荪综合评分后得到的结果排序为：MCD>AID>VID>HAD,MCD干燥方式中采...     

膜式空气弹簧动态特性有限元分析及试验研究

运用ABAQUS有限元软件仿真分析空气弹簧在不同频率与振幅激励下的动态特性,获得空气弹簧最小刚度频率曲线。通过与试验结果的比较,发现空气弹簧刚度随激励频率有一定变化规律,频率是影响空气弹簧动态力学性能的关键外在因素之一。     

车用小型气暖加热器的研制

介绍所研制的车用小型气暖加热器的结构、工作原理及其主要特点。     

Effects of ambient gaseous pollutants on photosynthesis,growth, yield and grain quality of selected crops grown at different sites varying in pollution levels

In recent decades, ambient gaseous pollution has increased due to anthropogenic activities worldwide. The studies to evaluate the adverse effects of ambient pollutants on commonly grown food crops are still limited, especially in Asian countries like Pakistan. The present study was conducted to measure the ambient pollutants in different sites of Faisalabad and their impact on growth and yield of wheat, mung bean and peas. Plants were grown in pots and placed at three sites named as control (Wire house of Government College University, Faisalabad), low pollution (LP) (Farm Area of Ayub Agricultural Research Institute) and high pollution (HP) (GT Chowk, Faisalabad) sites. Results showed that ambient ozone (O₃) concentration was highest at HP site followed by LP site and was below AOT40 in control site. Ambient pollutants caused foliar injury in crops and decreased plant height, leaf area, biomass and grain yield. Pollutants caused a reduction in photosynthetic pigments, stomatal conductance and net photosynthetic rate and grain protein contents in all three crops. In conclusion, the ambient O₃ level was highest at HP site, this current O₃ level and other pollutants decreased the growth and yield of important food crops.     

基于分数阶微积分的汽车空气悬架半主动控制

为研究分数阶微积分在汽车空气悬架半主动控制中的应用效果,建立了4自由度半主动空气悬架非线性动力学模型。采用改进的Oustaloup滤波器算法来模拟分数阶微积分,进而建立分数阶天棚阻尼半主动悬架的仿真模型,将仿真结果与被动悬架和整数阶天棚阻尼半主动悬架进行对比分析。分析结果表明:当汽车以20 m/s的速度行驶在B级路面时,与被动悬架相比,整数阶和分数阶天棚阻尼半主动悬架的车身垂向加权加速度均方根值分别减小了31.9%和43.9%,车身俯仰角加速度均方根值分别减小了23.1%和30.7%;基于分数阶微积分的天棚阻尼控制策略能更有效地抑制车身共振,改善乘坐舒适性。     

红枣气体射流冲击干燥收缩特性研究

Chinese jujube originated in China and has a long historical standing. China is the only country which can produce a great amount of Chinese jujube in the world. Modern research showed that the nutrition of Chinese jujube is abundant. Chinese jujube has great medicinal and food value, with high economic value and good prospects for development. Shrinkage characteristics of dates generally refer to volume shrinkage characteristics of whole dates. Large fruit and plump grain appearance of dates is the first choice of consumers to buy elements. The volume of dried jujube points to the consumer’s heart, and is an important indicator of consumers whether to buy. Jujube processing enterprises grade the date in accordance with its size, different grades dates have different value and price. Therefore, drying is the most important steps during the dates processing as it affects directly the quality of the product, and the shrinkage characteristics is the most important quality characteristic of Chinese jujube after drying. However, the traditional natural desiccation and desiccation in the drying room of the red dates has many problems. The conventional drying method for Chinese jujube has some disadvantages of severe shrinkage, long drying time and large energy consumption etc. Therefore, in order to improve the quality of dried Chinese jujube and reduce the shrinkage, it is imperative to replace the traditional drying method with the modern technologies. Air impingement drying technology was applied to dry Chinese jujube. The drying characteristics of shrinkage, moisture effective diffusivity considering shrinkage characteristics and the activation energy of Chinese jujube shrinkage were investigated under different air temperatures (55, 60, 65 and 70℃) and air velocities (6, 9, 12 and 15m/s). The dynamic changes of the regular pattern for the shrinkage characteristic of Chinese jujube in the air impingement drying process were studied, the results showed that the volume relative shrinkage ratio of Chinese jujube appeared to increase and then decrease with the increase of air temperature and air velocity. Considering shrinkage characteristics, the moisture effective diffusivity of Chinese jujube in the air impingement drying process through the Fick’s second law was obtained. The diffusivity appeared to increase and then decrease with the decrease in moisture content in dry basis of Chinese jujube. The Arrhenius equation calculated the shrinkage activation energy of the Chinese jujube was 1281kJ/mol. This research provided technical basis for shrinkage characteristics of Chinese jujube using air impingement drying technology.     

基于SHAW模型的冬小麦近地面层气温模拟

利用一维多层水热耦合SHAW（The simultaneous heat and water）模型,在田间实验的基础上,模拟河南省商丘地区2015年冬小麦拔节后近地面层0~40 cm垂直方向上的每小时气温变化特征。结果表明,冬小麦近地面层气温模拟整体效果较好,其中48%模拟的绝对误差低于1℃,75%模拟的绝对误差低于2℃,不同高度上模型效率ME均大于0.94;夜晚气温的模拟效果优于白天的模拟效果,白天11:00—14:00气温被过低估计,并随着近地面层高度的增加,模拟值误差越大;近地面层内3种气温特征值模拟效果的优劣依次为：日平均气温、日最低气温、日最高气温,其中,日平均气温模拟值与实测值基本吻合,日最低气温被略微高估,日最高气温被过低估计。此外,SHAW模型在冬小麦拔节后6个生育期的模拟效果均存在差异,拔节期、灌浆期和乳熟期模拟效果较好,孕穗期和开花期次之,抽穗期模拟效果相对较差。     

巷道式孵化的工艺技术探讨

巷道式孵化以其独特的气流方式区别于厢式孵化。巷道式孵化器的气流把含氧量最多的新鲜空气带给老的胚胎，把各阶段老胚胎释放的热量又供给需热的各阶段胚胎的发育，并始终保持着理想的设计温度。因而，所需功率相对较小，且孵化容量大，可以节约大量的能源，具有良好的经济性。讨论了进行巷道式孵化的孵化厅布局及孵化操作技术。中国农业大学正大肉鸡发展中心采用巷道式孵化器对７批艾维茵父母代种鸡的３２０万枚种蛋进行孵化，获得了优异的孵化成绩，受精蛋孵化率平均为９４．７５％，入孵蛋孵化率平均为８５．６７％，健雏率平均为９８．２８％。